-^   .  -M- 


i?        ^ 


^       *- 


?  PRINCETON,    N.  J.  ■iff 

Purchased   by  the 
Mrs.    Robert   Lenox    Kennedy  Church   History   Fund. 

Division »E5..X.l^.n^O 

Sfciion • .  JO.O  ...W?.^ 

Ntwibi) P% v.. 


^      Y       ^ 


*--    4- 


\        *       1       ■*■ 


*-,     '^r    "^ 


•»t-      ■< 


V        * 


V 


Thh  (Harrison  Church 

SKETCHES  OF  THE  HISTORY 

OF 

St.  Thomas'  Parish 

garrison  forest 

HAI.TIMORH    COUNTY,    MARYLAND 

1742      18^2 


/ 

\/ 

REV.  ETHAN  ALLEN,  D.  D.,  BALTIMORE 


EDITKD   BY 

Kl';\'.    HOBART  SMITH     M     A. 
Ri'X'TOK  St.   Thomas'   Parish,    1898 

WITH    ADDITIONAL    SKETCHKS 


NKW  YORK 
Jamks  P()'i-'i-  &   C< 
1898 


COrVRIGHT,    1S9S.   BY 
HOBAKT  SMITH 


THIS  HISTORY  OF  ST.  THOMAS'   PARISH, 
GAKKISON   FOREST,    MARYLAND. 


AHKKCTIONATKI.Y   IXSCRIDED 


.MR.  CHARLES  MORTON   STEWART. 
SENIOR  VESTRYMAN. 


HE  EDITOR  <.f  tlusc  sketches,  wlieii  lie 
became  Rector  of  St.  Thomas'  Parisli,  in 
iSSS,  found  liimself  tlie  custodian  not 
only  of  the  old  records  and  papers,  hut 
also  of  the  manuscript  histor\'  of  the  (Harrison  Church, 
by  the  Rev.  Ethan  Allen,  I).  D.  The  Dioce.se  of 
AIar\land  cannot  too  liitrjih-  honor  this  name.  It  is  due 
one  who  has  kept  from  ol)li\  ion  the  names  and  deeds  of 


vi  1Intl•o^uction. 

early  workers  in  the  Church  in  this  coloiu-  chat  his  own 
life  and  work  should  be  remembered. 

Dr.  Allen  was  born  in  Plymouth  County,  Massa- 
chusetts, of  Puritan  ancestry.  The  names  of  Alden, 
Standish,  Pryor,  Carey  and  Waldo  appear  in  the  family 
records.  It  is  said  that  when  four  days  old  he  "was 
carried  across  the  yillage  green  to  the  meeting-hou.se 
and  dedicated  to  God  in  hoi}-  baptism."  He  graduated 
at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  in  1818.  He  at  once 
eyinced  a  preference  for  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Clnrrch,  and,  coming  to  Maryland,  became  a  lay  reader 
at  Trinity  Church,  West  Marlboro',  and  studied  for 
holy  orders  under  Bishop  Kemp.  He  was  ordered 
deacon  March  7,  1819,  and  priest  182 1.  After  good 
.seryice  in  St.  John's,  Prince  George's  County,  and  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  the  missionary  spirit  was  so  strong 
in  him  that  he  went  to  Ohio  where  he  organized  the 
Church  in  Dayton,  1830;  Troy,  183 1;  Springfield, 
1833  ;  Hamilton,  1835  -  Trinity  Church,  Cincinnati, 
in  1844.  In  1847  he  returned  to  Maryland  where  he 
gaye  twenty-fiye  years  more  of  faithful  ser\ice  inider 
the  Bishop  he  loyed,  Bishop  Whittingham.  The  clo.s- 
ing  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  Kentucky,  where  he 
died  Noyember  17,  1879,  aged  eighty-three  years. 

The  Hon.  A.  Bowie  Dayis,  in  a  memorial  of  Dr. 
Allen  read  before  the  Baltimore  Conyocation,  said  :  "I 
knew  this  venerable  man  as  a  Prcsb^yter,  .saw  him  as  the 
actiye  missionary-  of  the  Dioce.se,  traveling  from  parish 
to   parish,   presenting  the   cau,se    of    missions   in   bold. 


1lntro&uction.  vii 

eloquent  and  irresistible  appeals  ;  in  Church  ccnnentious 
I  saw,  on  several  occasions,  such  men  as  Judge  Chambers, 
Samuel  J.  Donaldson,  Hugh  Davy  Evans,  and  even 
Bishop  W'hittingham  call  on  Dr.  Allen  upon  questions 
of  church  history  and  the  early  settlement  of  the 
Church  in  Maryland,  and  his  opinions  were  accepted  as 
conclusive  upon  the  subject  matter  of  inquirw  He 
was  the  first  to  discover  and  rescue  from  oblivion  the 
important  historical  fact  that  the  Maryland  Toleration 
Act  of  1649  ^^■^■''  ^^^^  to  Protestant  and  not  to  Roman 
Catholic  suggestion  and  enactment." 

The  manuscript  history  of  this  parish  was  pur- 
chased in  1.SS4  from  Judge  \Vm.  A.  Stewart  by  Mr. 
Samuel  H.  Tagarl,  a  vestryman,  for  $75. 

At  that  time  Col.  William  Allen,  Principal  of 
McDonogh  School,  proposed  to  edit  these  sketches  and 
publish  them,  but  unfortunately  he  was  not  able  to 
carry  out  his  purpose.  After  his  death  the  duty  and 
privilege  devoKed  upon  me,  and  with  this  in  view  I  fre- 
quently conversed  with  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock,  the 
.senior  warden.  His  father  and  mother  both  were 
grandchildren  of  the  first  Rector,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Cradock.  His  father  born  in  1773,  (died  i860)  was 
twenty-two  years  old  when  Mrs.  Thomas  Cradock,  the 
widow  of  the  first  Rector,  died.  The  traditions  of  the 
parish  are  therefore  direct  and  reliable.  Mr.  Cradock 
repeated  these  traditions  with  the  utmost  care  for  accu- 
racy. When  some  doubted  whether  the  brick  in  the 
churcli  really  came   from  England,  Mr.   Cradock    would 


viii  Untro&uctton. 

saw  "inv  father  told  me  and  liis  fatlier  told  liiin,  and  in 
those  days,  sir,  o;entlenieii  told  the  truth." 

These  sketches  bv  Dr.  Allen  were  lars.;el\-  derived 
from  Mr.  Cradock's  father,  but  the  honor  is  due  Dr. 
Allen  for  their  preservation  in  this  form,  and  also  for 
the  careful  searching  of  the  old  records.  The  Editor 
has  gone  o\er  the  records  and  made  a  few  corrections  of 
dates,  and  has  added  notes,  but  has  not  attempted  to 
revise  the  style.  He  has  also  corresponded  with  the 
descendants  of  earl\-  Rectors  and  vestrymen,  and  is  in- 
debted to  them  for  interesting  facts.  The  late  Rev. 
Andrew  Oliver,  D.  D.,  Professor  in  the  General  Theo- 
logical Seminar\',  (died  October  17,  i>S97,  in  his  sc\cnty- 
fourth  year)  contributed  valuable  information  concern- 
ing his  grandfather,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fitch  Oliver, 
who  died  as  Rector  of  this  parish  in  1797.  Dr.  Oliver 
was  greatly  interested  in  the  publication  of  this  Parish 
History,  and  only  the  day  before  his  death  dictated  to 
his  sou  some  data  which  I  had  asked  ;  two  weeks  before 
his  death  he  enclosed  me  a  photograph  from  an  old  por- 
trait of  his  grandfather,  and  ga\e  me  permission  to  print 
an  interesting  letter  about  clianting,  which  will  be 
found  in  these  pages. 

Mr.  Robert  Andrews,  of  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  the 
great-grandson  of  Re\-.  John  Andrews,  D.  D.,  Rector 
of  this  parish  1 782-1785,  has  helped  materially  by  his 
research  concerning  his  distinguished  ancestor. 

A  most  interesting  feature  of  this  book  of  sketches 
will   be  found    in    the  contributions  of   Miss    Katherinc 


1lntro&uction.  ix 

Cradock,  of  "Treiithani,"  of  notes  of  the  conversation 
of  lier  father,  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock. 

Miss  Sophie  DeButts  Stewart  has  added  attracti\e- 
ness  to  the  book  by  lier  illustrations  ;  and  Miss  Louisa 
Hopper,  of  New  York,  by  a  pen-and-ink  sketch,  has 
brought  into  light  a  faded  portrait  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Fitch  Oliver. 

My  part  has  been  the  sometimes  tedious  work  of 
verifying  dates  and  preparing  all  the  matter  for  publi- 
cation. There  is  abundant  opportunity  for  the  imagina- 
tion to  illumine  the  facts  gathered  here,  and  some  of 
the  characters  would  ser\'e  well  the  writer  of  romance. 
As  a  Parish  Histor\'  it  is  not  remarkable  for  the  record 
of  great  sacrifice,  or  of  conspicuous  personal  devotion. 
It  is  a  sad  story  in  the  long  periods  of  vacancies  in  the 
rectorate,  and  in  the  struggles  of  Rectors  with  a 
scanty  living  made  possible  only  by  teaching  school. 
But  there  ha\e  alwa3S  been  a  faithful  few  to  whom  the 
old  Church  has  l)een  dear.  While  there  are  many 
colonial  parishes  in  Maryland,  few  are  as  old  as  this 
where  the  walls  of  the  first  church  building  remain. 

Antiquity  has  its  value;  but  the  value  is  greater  if 
that  which  is  old  increases  in  strength  and  grows  in 
usefulness.  It  does  not  detract  from  the  veneration  of 
the  old  walls  that  they  are  not  yet  ruins,  but  have  been 
extended  in  recent  j-ears  to  gather  in  twice  as  man}' 
people  as  when  Dr.  Allen  closed  his  historical  notes. 
This  has  been  accomplished  without  violence  to  the 
colonial  features  of  the  architecture.      Like  the  English 


X  IFntrobuction. 

Church  in  the  Reformation,  which  kept  that  which  was 
valuable  in  Liturgy  and  in  Doctrine,  and  yet  adapted 
itself  to  the  growing  intelligence  and  spiritual  freedom 
of  Christian  civilization,  this  little  parish  church  of 
Maryland  colonial  da3'S  has  kept  to  the  old,  and  yet 
seeks  to  gather  in  the  life  of  the  present.  Chapels  and 
meeting  houses  have  multiplied  within  its  ancient  par- 
ish bounds ;  its  children  ha\-e  been  scattered  and  sepa- 
rated, but  still  it  is  here  as  a  "witness  and  a  keeper"  of 
the  truth. 

That  it  will  continue  to  bless  is  assured  by  Divine 
promise,  and  they  are  happy  who  share  its  work  and 
blessing. 

This  book  goes  forth  with  a  prayer  that  its  pages 
may  inspire  a  greater  love  of  the  Church,  and  that  it 
may  serve  as  a  memorial  of  "the  labor  which  is  not  in 
vain,  in  the  Lord." 

HoBART  Smith. 
St.  Thomas'  Rectory, 
Garrison  Forest,  Maryland, 
Advent,   i8q8. 


TLablc  ox  Contents. 


PART  I. 

CHAPTER  I 

Benedict    Bourdillon — The    "Forest    Inhabitants" — The 

Garrison — Chapel  of  Ease — Parish  Incorporated    .      .  i 

CHAPTER  II. 

Parish  Organized — Vestry — Record — Thomas  Cradock — 
Education — Romance — Marriage  —  Archbishop  Cra- 
dock        7 

CHAPTER  III.  — 1745-1770. 

Vestry    House — Communion     Rail — Bachelors    Taxed — 

Church  Plastered — Surplice  Bought 13 

CHAPTER  IV.— 1747-1770. 
Thomas   Cradock — Sermons — Meeting   of    the    Clergy — 

Psalms  in  Verse — Death  of  Parson  Cradock     ...         22 
CHAPTER  v.  — 1770-1775. 

William  Edmiston — The  Methodists  —  Chapel  at  the 
Forks— Chalice  and  Paten  Bought — Communion 
Table  Covered  With  Green  Cloth— The  Revolution— 
A  Tory  Parson , 28 

CHAPTER  VI.— 1775-1782. 

Thomas  Hopkins— Vestry  Renounces  Allegiance — Vestry 

Act   1779 — Rev.   William  West 36 

CHAPTER  VII.— 1782-1785. 

John  Andrews — Tries  to  Reconcile  the  Methodists — Dr. 
Coke — Mr.  Asbnry — Provost  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania               43 


CHAPTER  ¥111.-1785-1797. 

Thomas  Fitch  Oliver — Pews  Re-rented — George  Ralph — 

Parsonage  Built 50 

CHAPTER  IX.— 1797-1805. 

John  Coleman — A  Soldier  of  '76 — A  Methodist  Preacher — 
I,eft  the  Methodists — 1784 — Marriage — Rectory  En- 
larged— Glebe  Purchased — Census  Ordered     ...         57 

CHAPTER  X.— 1805-1810. 

John  Armstrong — A  Methodist — Ordained  by  Bishop 
White — Pew  System  Set  Aside — Lottery  to  Pay  for 
Glebe — Mr.  Armstrong  asked  to  Resign     ....         67 

CHAPTER  XL— 1810,-1819. 

George  Ralph,  locum  ienens — John  Chandler — The 
Churchyard  Wall — ^Joseph  Jackson — Elected — Dis- 
missed               75 

CHAPTER  XIL— 1820-1849. 

Charles  C.  Austin — Major  David  Hopkins — Parish  of  the 
Ascension — Churchyard  Wall  Completed — Death  of 
Mr.  Austin 80 

CHAPTER  XIIL— 1849-1852. 

Jacob  B.  Morss — Joseph  J.  Nicholson 88 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

William  F.  Lockwood — Rectory  Enlarged —  A  Review — 

End  of  Dr.   Allen's  Manuscript 93 


PART   II. 

1852-1898. 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Repairs    and    Improvements — Dr.   Maynard's  Legacies — 

Death  of  Mr.  E.  D.  Lyon — The  Pipe  Organ  given      .       105 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

St.  Mark's  on  the  Hill — Church  Road  Macadamized — 
Vestry  Sued — W.  Strother  Jones — Assistant  Rector — 
Mr.  Lockwood's  Death 

CHAPTER  XVn. 

Hobart  Smith — Plans  for  Enlarging  Church — Mr. 
Tagart's  Generous  Gift — Plans  Carried  Out — 
The  La  Farge   Windows — Growth  of  the  Parish 


PART  III. 


Biographical  Sketches 127 

The  Gists— The  Howards— The  Owings— The  Car- 
nans— Capt.  John  Risteau — George  Bramwell — The 
Moale  Family — The  Lyon  Family — The  Worthing- 
tons — The  Cockey  Family — The  Hunt  Family — John 
Gill— Dr.  Raudle  Hulse— Dr.  Thomas  Cradock— 
Major  John  Cradock — Abel  Brown — Charles  Walker 
— Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker — Joseph  West — 
Rev.    George  Ralph — Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss. 


APPENDIX. 

A.     The  Colonial  Fort. 
•B.       Subscriptions  for  Building  Church. 

C.  Journal  of  Secretary  of  Commission  to  Treat  With  Indians. 

D.  Names  of  Bachelors  Taxed. 

E.  Correspondence  of  Drs.  Andrews  and  Cradock. 

F.  A  Page  of  the  History  of  Chanting. 

G.  Names  of  Rectors. 

H.     \'estrymen,  Wardens,  Delegates. 
I.      Donations  for  Church  Improvement,  1890. 
J.      Statistics  (1898)  of  Parishes   and  Churches  within  Ancient 
Bounds  of  St.  Thomas'. 


Xlst  of  irilustrattons. 


The  Garrison  Church,     (before  any  additions  were  made.)     Froiitispiecc- 
Sophie  de  Butts  Stewart. 

The  Church  Porch,  S.  de  B.  S V 

Rev.  Ethan  Allen,  D.  D i 

The  Most  Rev.  John  Cradock     . 9 

Facsimile  First  Page  Vestry  Record 13 

The  Howard  House  Ruins,  S.  de  B.  S 35 

Rev.  John  Andrews,  D.  D 43 

Rev.  Thomas  Fitch  Oliver 51 

"Where  Old  Frank  Lives,"  S.  de  B.  S 53 

The  Old  Rectory,  S.  de  B.  S 56 

"Ulm,"  Where  Samuel  Owings  Lived 63 

The  Lottery  Ticket        74 

Rev.   C.   C.   Austin,     Rev.  J.   B.   Morss,     Rev.  William  F. 

Lockwood,     Rev.  W.  Strother  Jones 93 

The  Garrison  Church  (1869) 103 

St.  Thomas'  Rectory 109 

Rev.  Hobart  Smith 117 

The  Garrison  Church  (188 1 ) 121 

Interior  Garrison  Church 123 

A  Friendly  Character 128 

"Atamasco,"  Residence  of  Charles  Carnan 139 

A  Corner  of  the  Churchyard 145 

Williamina  Smith 155 

The  Garrison  Fort 171 

The  Test  Oath 185 


Ipart  I 


REV.   ETHAN    ALLEN,   D.D. 


TLbc  (Bavvison  Cburcb. 

CHAPTER   I. 

Benedict   Bourdillox. 

N  AUGUST,  1739,  the  Rev.  Benedict 
Bourdillon  was  presented  to  the  Parish 
of  St.  Paul's,  Baltimore  county,  by  Gov. 
Ogle,  then  Governor  of  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  and  thus  became  the  incumbent ;  for  by  that 
name  the  rectors  of  parishes  were  then  called.  He 
came  to  Maryland  in  1737,  and  appears  to  have  been 
an  energetic  and  efficient  clergyman."'  In  May,  1741, 
he  proposed  to  the  vestry  of  St.  Paul's  the  building,  by 
subscription,  of  a  chapel  of  ease  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  "forest  inhabitants." 

The  "forest  inhabitants"  were  the  residents  of  what 
was  then  called,  as  it  ever  since  has  been,  the  Garrison 
Forest.  It  was  so  called  because  of  a  fort,  and  garrison 
of  soldiers,  under  Capt   John  Risteau,  high  sheriff  of 

(i)  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Corner,  who  is  in  possession  of  a  manuscript  history  of  St.  Paul's  Parish, 
by  Dr.  Ethan  Allen,  furnishes  the  followinp  information  concerning  Mr.  Bourdillon. 
"His  wife  was  Johanna  Gertruij  Janssen,  and  was  the  niece  of  Sir  Theodore  Janscn, 
and  cousin  of  I.ady  Baltimore.  In  another  entn,-  in  the  hook  she  is  called  Mrs. 
Janett  Jansen  Bourdillon,  and  also  Jane  Bourdillon.  The  Boiirdillons  were  quite 
intimate  with  the  family  of  Gov,  Thomas  Bladen,  who  was  a  brother-in-law  to 
I^ord  Baltimore.  Gov.  Bladen  was  Ciod-father  and  Mrs.  Bladen  God-mother  to 
Mr.  Bourdillon's  son,  Thomas,  born  .\ugust  6,  1742." 


2  Hbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

the  county,  stationed  there  for  the  defense  of  these 
frontier  inhabitants  against  the  Indians.  The  garrison 
was  not  far  north  of  where  the  United  States  arsenal 
now  is,  and  was  on  Capt.  John  Risteau's  plantation.''* 

St.  Paul's  Parish,  at  this  period,  extended  from  the 
Patapsco  River  on  the  south  to  the  Pennsylvania  line  on 
the  north,  and  from  the  Patapsco  Falls  and  the  county 
line  on  the  west  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay  on  the  east, 
and  to  the  Middle  River,  the  big  Gunpowder  Falls,  the 
Western  Run,  and  Piney  Run  on  the  north-east,  by 
which  streams  it  was  divided  from  St.  John's  Parish. 

The  proposition  for  building  the  chapel  was 
adopted  by  the  Vestry  ;  and  the  Rector  and  Vestry 
drew  up  a  memorial  to  the  Governor  and  General 
Assembly,  stating  that  the  Parish  Church  in  Baltimore 
Town  was  found  to  be  very  inconvenient  to  a  great 
part  of  the  parishioners,  especially  the  forest  inhabi- 
tants, and  asking  that  an  act  might  be  passed  for  their 
assistance.  The  reason  of  this  application  is  found  in 
the  fact,  that  in  the  charter,  by  which  the  territory  and 
government  of  the  Province  of  Maryland  was  given  to 
Lord  Baltimore,  in  1632,  "the  license  and  faculty  of 
erecting  and  founding  churches,  chapels  and  places  of 
worship,  on  suitable  and  convenient  places  within  the 
province,"  was  granted  and  confirmed  "unto  the  said 
Lord  Baltimore."  And  the  granting  of  this  license 
and  faculty  to  applicants  had  been  deputed  by  him  to 
the    Governor    of    the    Province     and     the     General 

(i)    See  Appendix  A. 


XEbe  parisb  1Incorporaie&.  3 

Assembly.  No  church,  chapel,  or  place  of  public 
worship,  could  be  erected  and  established  in  the  province, 
by  any  denomination  of  Christians,  but  "by  their  author- 
ity. The  people  themselves  were  entirely  debarred  of 
this  liberty  and  right."' 

The  memorial  of  the  Rector  and  Vestry  of  St. 
Paul's  having  been  duly  presented  in  October,  1742,  an 
act  was  passed  by  the  General  Assembly,  in  accordance 
with  the  wishes  of  the  memorialists,  by  which  William 
Hamilton,  Christopher  Gist,  Samuel  Owings,  Chris- 
topher Randall  and  Nicholas  Haile  were  empowered  to 
receive  voluntary  subscriptions  for  the  purchase  of  two 
acres  of  land  where  most  convenient,  and  to  build  a 
chapel  thereon,  as  desired  by  the  memorialists.  And 
in  case,  also,  such  contribution  should  not  prove  suffi- 
cient an  assessment  on  the  Parish  was  granted,  which 
assessment  was  not  to  exceed  ^133.  6s.  8d.  or  about 
$354.70,  in  any  one  year,  nor  continued  for  more  than 
three  years. 

The  subscription  ordered  by  the  Vestry,  and  au- 
thorized by  the  former  part  of  this  act,  was  accordingly 
made,  and  the  names  of  the  subscribers,  together  with 
the  amounts  severally  subscribed  by  them  towards  the 
building  of  the  chapel,  are  given  here  from  the  records 
of  the  Vestry  of  St.  Paul's  of  that  date.  It  will  doubt- 
less be  interesting  to  many  of  the  present  residents  of 

(I)  This  statement  must  be  modified.  It  istrueastotlieeieclioii  of  any  Parish  or  Church 
of  the  Established  Ch\irch,  but  there  must  have  been  considerable  freedom,  as  to 
the  exercise  of  ptiblic  worship  at  tJlis  time  by  the  Dissenters.  In  this  Parish  Sater's 
Meeting  House  was  erected  by  the  Baptists  about  the  .same  time  as  Garrison  Church . 
See  also  "Old  Virginia  and  her  Neighbors."     Vol.  II.  page  165. — JOH.v  Kiski-:. 


4  TLbc  ©atrtson  Cburcb. 

St.  Thomas'  Parish  to  see  who  were  the  original  con- 
tributors for  the  erection  of  the  old  church.  For  this 
reason  they  are  here  inserted.*''  These  subscriptions 
amounted  to  4  400  pounds  of  tobacco  and  ^64.  los. 
currency.  These  sums,  it  must  be  remembered,  were 
over  and  above  what  each  one  was  required,  by  the  act 
of  the  Assembly,  to  pay  annually  for  the  three  successive 
years.  The  amount  which  Mr.  Bourdillon  subscribed 
was  nearly  double  that  of  any  one  else.  St.  Thomas' 
Church  owes  much  to  the  personal  exertions  and  influ- 
ence, as  well  as  to  the  money  contribution,  of  the 
Rev.  Benedict  Bourdillon. 

In  1743  the  site  of  the  chapel  was  selected,  and 
two  acres  were  purchased  of  Christopher  Gist  for  ;^4. 
or  $11.70.  It  is  on  land  thus  purchased  that 
St.  Thomas'  Church  was  then  erected  and  still  stands. 
The  deed  conveying  it  to  the  Vestry  was  acknowledged 
July  19,  1743,  before  T.  Sheridan  and  Charles  Ridgely, 
Esqrs.,  two  of  His  Majesty's  Justices. 

During  this  and  the  coming  year,  some  progress 
was  made  in  the  erection  of  the  chapel  edifice.  The 
walls  were  carried  up,  and  the  roof  covered  in.  The 
bricks  of  which  it  was  built  were  brought  from  England, 
but  falling  short  somewhat  of  the  requisite  number, 
the  gable  ends  could  not  be  carried  up  to  a  point 
by  four  or  five  feet.  This  accounts  for  the  peculiar 
appearance  of  the  upper  part  of  both  ends  of  the  roof '^* 

(1}     See  Appendix  B. 

(2)    The  "peculiar  appearance  of  the  upper  part  of  both  ends  of  the  roof  "  does  not  now 
exist.     In  1S70  it  was  found  necessary*  to  entirely  replace  the  roof.     The  chairman 


H)eatb  of  ^r.  JSourMllon.  5 

It  was  not  the  original  design.  The  edifice  was  56  feet 
long,  bj'  36  feet  in  breadth.  It  was  a  spacious  build- 
ing for  its  day,  and  admirably  well  built. 

At  the  same  time,  and  in  the  same  act  which  pro- 
vided for  the  building  of  the  chapel,  it  was  enacted, 
that  at  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bourdillon,  Soldiers 
Delight  and  Back  River  Upper  Hundreds,  being  all  of 
St.  Paul's  Parish  north  of  the  Old  Court  Road,  leading 
from  the  Patapsco  Falls  and  Joppa,  then  the  county 
seat,  in  which  the  chapel  was  to  be  built,  was  to  be  for- 
ever separated  from  St.  Paul's  Parish  and  erected  into 
a  new  parish  to  be  called  St.  Thomas'.  The  chapel 
was  then  to  be  the  Parish  Church  of  the  new  parish 
thus  created.  This  event  soon  occurred,  for  on  the  fifth 
of  January,  1745,  the  Rev.  Mr  Bourdillon  died.  At  that 
date,  therefore,  according  to  the  before  mentioned  act, 
St  Thomas'  became  a  separate  and  independent  parish. 
The  territory  of  this  parish  then  extended  from  the 
south  line,  separating  it  from  St.  Paul's,  just  stated,  to 
the  Penns\'lvania  line  on  the  north,  and  from  the  line 
separating  Baltimore  county  from  Anne  Arundel  and 
Frederick  counties  on  the  west,  to  the  Big  Gunpowder 
Falls  on  the  east ;  and  on  the  north-east,  to  the  Western 
Run,  Piney  Run  and  a  line  north-west  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, separating  it  from  St.  John's  Parish,  now  St.  James'. 

of  tht:  committee  was  Mr.  Xoah  Walker.  Mr.  John  Kllicolt.  architect,  iu  Balti- 
more, was  consulted.  The  gable  ends  were  carried  to  a  point,  and  a  sharp  pitched 
roof  look  the  place  of  the  former  picturesque  hip  roof,  much  to  the  regret  of  many 
of  the  people.  The  distinctly  marked  line  (referred  to  by  Dr.  Allen,  and  often 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Cradock,  where  the  brick  which  had  been  brought  in  the  second 
year  of  the  erection  of  the  church  commenced)  was  lost,  and  modern  I)rick,  laid 
in  the  modern  way  of  building,  instead  of  what  was  called  the  Flemish  binding, 
detracted   from  its  antitiue  character. 


6 


^be  ©arrtson  Cburcb. 


At  this  time  the  inhabitants  north  of  the  Church 
were  but  few.  The  patent  for  the  laud  four  miles  north 
of  it,  now  known  as  the  Worthington  Valley,  bears  date 
1740,  only  five  years  previous  to  this  time,  and  was  of 
course  all  wild-wood.  The  Indians,  bears,  wolves 
and  deer  were  then  common  in  that  region,  and  so  con- 
tinued to  be  for  years  thereafter. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Thomas  Cradock. 

N  THE  fourth  of  February,  1745,  under  the 
Act  of  Assemblj'  referred  to  the  parish- 
ioners assembled  at  their  Parish  Church, 
and  elected  Nathaniel  Stinchcomb,  John 
Gill,  William  Cockey,  Joshua  Owings,  John  Hamilton 
and  George  Ashman,  Vestrj^men ;  and  Peter  Gosnell 
and  Cornelius  Howard,  Church  Wardens  Christopher 
Randall  was,  at  the  same  time,  appointed  Register,  with 
a  salary  of  ^5.  currencjf  per  annum,  about  $13.30. 
On  the  same  day  the  vestrymen  and  wardens  held 
their  first  meeting.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock  then 
showed  his  letters  mandate  from  His  Excellenc}*, 
Thomas  Bladen,  Esq.,  Governor  of  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  dated  January-  14,  1745,  to  exercise  the  office 
of  minister  in  St.  Thomas'  Parish.  At  that  time,  and 
so  it  had  been  in  the  Province  from  the  3^ear  1692,  the 
appointment  of  a  minister  to  a  parish  was  not  in  the 
hands  of  the  parish,  nor  in  the  hands  of  the  vestr\-,  as 
it  now  is.  The  appointment  was  at  the  disposal  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  the  proprietarj^  of  the  Province.  It  was 
given  him  in  his  charter.     And  he  exercised  this,  his 


8  Xlbe  Oarrison  Gburcb. 

appointing  power,  by  his  Governor.  Indeed,  by  that 
charter,  he  held  the  appointment  of  ministers  of  all 
denominations  to  their  respective  churches ;  and  no 
church  of  any  name  could  have  a  minister  to  officiate  but 
by  his  appointment,  whether  Episcopalian,  Romanist, 
or  Piiritan,*'*  and  so  it  continued  until  1776,  except  from 
1692  to  1714. 

Mr.  Cradock  was  born  at  Wolverham,  Bedfordshire, 
England,  in  17 18.  Wolverham  was  one  of  the 
estates  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford.  Soon  after  the  birth 
of  a  younger  brother  of  Mr.  Cradock,  the  lady  of  the 
Duke  presented  him  also  with  a  son,  but  so  feeble  was 
her  health  that  she  was  unable  to  take  charge  of  her 
infant,  and  the  care  of  it  was  readily  assumed  by  Mrs. 
Cradock.'^'  He  was  the  youthful  associate  of  her  own  son; 
and  so  tenderly  and  faithfully  did  she  fulfill  her 
part  that  she  won  the  high  regard  and  grati- 
tude of  the  Duke.  He  consequently  took  upon 
himself  the  education  of  the  two  young  Cradocks.  He 
placed  them  under  the  same  masters  with  his  own  son, 
and  at  a  proper  age  sent  them  to  Oxford,  where  the 
three  pursued  their  studies  till  their  course  was  finished. 
The  Duke  intended  both  of  the  Cradocks  for  the  Epis- 
copate, and  by  such  influence  as  he  wielded  were  men 
sometimes  made  Bishops  at  that  time  in  England.  In 
the  case  of  John,  the  younger  brother,  he  was  successful. 

(1)  It  is  exceedingly  doubtful  if  this  prerogative  was  exercised,  except  in  appointments 

in  the  Established  Church. 

(2)  It  appears  from  the  Book  of  Peerage  that  the  Duchess  of  Bedford  died  at  this  time. 

This  more  fully  accounts  for  Mrs.  Cradock  taking  the  child  into  her  own  home. 
The  Duke  married  again;  his  second  wife  being  the  daughter  of  lyord  Gower 


THE    MOST    RE\'.   JOHN    CRAUOCK. 

ARCHBISHOP    OF    DL'IiLIX. 
Fioin  a  Pi.rlniit  in  the  Ardibishop's  P;ilace. 


Hrcbbisbop  Cra&ocl?.  9 

After  being,  by  the  patronage  of  Lord  Gower,  whose 
daughter  the  Duke  married,  the  Rector  of  St.  Paul's, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  and  subsequently  the  Duke's 
chaplain,  in  the  year  A.  D.  1757  he  accompanied  that 
nobleman  to  Ireland,  upon  his  accession  to  the  Vice 
Roj'alty  of  that  island,  and  in  two  months  after  his 
arrival  he  was  appointed  to  the  See  of  Kilmore.  In 
1772  he  was  translated  and  became  Archbishop  of 
Dublin,  and  a  member  consequentl}-  of  the  House  of 
Lords.  He  died  December  11,  1777,  and  was  buried  in 
St.  Patrick's  Cathedral.  "  He  was,"  says  his  biographer, 
"  a  portly,  well-looking  man,  of  a  liberal  turn  of  opinion, 
and  of  a  social  and  generous  disposition."  He  left  a  son, 
who,  from  being  an  officer  in  the  Horse  Guards  and  a 
boon  companion  of  George  IV,  was  promoted  to  the 
command  of  Major-General  in  India,  and  subsequentl}- 
knighted  with  the  title  Lord  Howden. 

Thomas  had  been  intended  b}-  the  Duke  for  one  of 
the  Sees  in  England.  But  an  attachment  having  sprung 
up  between  a  sister  of  the  Duchess  and  himself,  he  was 
induced  b}^  her  friends  to  emigrate  to  Mar3'land.  Mr. 
Cradock  was  ordained  Deacon,  September  20,  1741,  by 
the  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  as  is  shown  by 
his  letters  of  orders.*''  In  December  21,  1741,  he  is  st^ded 
clerk ^  and  was  licensed  by  the  same  bishop  as  master  of 
the  Free  School  of  Trentham,  in  Staffordshire.  In  that 
situation  he  seems  to  have  remained  till  September  25, 

( 1 )     Mr.  Cradock's  Letters  of  Orders  are  among  the  Records  of  the  Diocese  in  the  Mary- 
land Episcopal  I,ibrar>'. 


10  tCbe  ©arrison  Cburcb. 

1743,  when  he  was  ordained  Presb^'ter  by' the  above- 
mentioned  bishop,  as  appears  from  his  letters  of  priest's 
orders.  The  next  day,  September  26th,  he  was  licensed 
by  the  bishop  to  be  Curate  of  Blurton,  and  occasional 
assistant  at  Kingsbury,  Warwickshire.  That  connec- 
tion, however,  did  not  long  continue,  for  on  the  twenty- 
first  of  February,  1744,  he  received  a  license  from  the 
Bishop  of  London  to  be  a  minister  in  the  Province  of 
Maryland,  and  during  that  year  he  came  over.  On  his 
arrival  he  became  the  chaplain  to  the  commissioners, 
who  met  that  year  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  to  form  a  treaty 
with  the  Indians.  His  preaching  there  is  spoken  of  as 
received  with  great  acceptance.'"^  It  is  said  that  the  Duke 
of  Bedford's  influence  with  Lord  Baltimore,  the  proprie- 
tary of  the  province,  procured  him  the  promise  of  a  good 
parish.  His  patron,  doubtless,  looked  fonvard  to  the 
Episcopate  for  him  in  this  country.  The  subject  of 
providing  bishops  for  the  American  colonies  was  at  that 
time  very  warmly  pressed  in  England.  In  the  Histori- 
cal Collections  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  p.  141,  it  is 
stated  that  the  necessity  of  a  bishop  over  the  church- 
men of  America  was  now,  A.  D.  1740,  again  publicly 
alluded  to.  Bishop,  afterward  Archbishop,  Seeker 
"depicted  in  lively  colors  the  inconveniences  sviffered 
in  America,  and  pleaded  with  affectionate  earnestness 
for  a  resident  bishop  there  as  the  only  remedy  for  its 
manifold  spiritual  privations."      The    privations  were 


(i)    See  Appendix  C  for  Journal  of  Secretary  of  the  Commission  to  treat  with  the  Six 
Nations. 


XEobacco  Zax.  11 

indeed  great.  No  one  could  be  ordained  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry  without  going  over  to  England,  and  being 
exposed  thus  to  all  the  perils  of  the  ocean  and 
incurring  great  expense.  No  confirmations  of  church 
members  could  be  administered,  and  there  was  no  one 
to  effectively  oversee  the  clergy  or  church,  or  exercise 
discipline.  The  Governor  of  the  Province,  by  Lord 
Baltimore's  authority,  could  appoint  a  clergyman  to  a 
parish ;  but  there  his  authority  ended.  He  had  no 
power  to  remove  him  for  any  cause,  or  to  control  him  in 
any  respect.  Bvit  from  motives  of  state  policy  no 
bishop  from  the  colonies  was  permitted  to  be  appointed, 
and  the  Duke's  intentions  in  respect  to  the  Episcopate 
for  Thomas  Cradock  were  never  realized. 

Mr.  Cradock's  salary  on  taking  charge  of  the 
Parish  was  small.  The  clergy  were  then  supported  by 
a  tax  on  every  white  male,  and  every  ser\'ant  over 
sixteen  3-ears  of  age,  of  forty  pounds  of  tobacco  each. 
This  tax  was  collected  and  paid  over  by  the  sheriff  of 
the  county.  It  was  collected  from  all  whether  they  were 
Church  of  England  men,  or  Presbyterians,  Quakers  and 
Romanists ;  these  being  the  only  dissenters  from  the 
church  in  the  colon}'  at  that  time.  The  number  of 
taxables,  as  they  were  called,  is  found  this  year  to  have 
amounted  to  675 — yielding  about  $325.  The  parish 
then  was  a  north-western  frontier  parish.  But  the 
frontier  parishes  were  in  prospect  better  than  those  on 
the  bay  shore ;  for  in  those  on  the  bay  the  land,  after 
having  been    cultivated  for  eighty    years    in    tobacco, 


12  TLbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

was  being  worn  out,  and  planters  were  removing  into 
the  interior.  Thus,  while  the  older  parishes  were, 
in  some  instances,  diminishing  in  population,  the  new 
ones  were  becoming  more  populous  every  year.  And 
so  rapidly-  did  the  settlement  extend  in  St.  Thomas' 
that  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Cradock's  death  the  salary  was 
more  than  four  times  the  amount  when  he  entered 
upon  his  charge. 

In  a  little  more  than  a  year  after  his  induction 
into  this  Parish,  Mr.  Cradock  was  married,  March  31, 
1746,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Chase  of  St.  Paul's,  to  Catharine, 
daughter  of  John  Risteau,  Esq.,  the  High  Sheriff  of 
the  county.  Mr.  Risteau  was  a  Huguenot,  who  had 
fled  to  Maryland  from  France  in  consequence  of  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  Strong  in  his 
protestant  prepossessions,  he  was  so  much  pleased  with 
his  daughter  marrying  a  protestant  clergyman  that  he 
presented  her  with  a  farm,  a  part  of  his  estate,  which 
would  otherwise  have  descended  to  her  brother.  This 
farm  Mr.  Cradock  called  Trentham,  doubtless  from  his 
fond  recollections  of  the  place  in  England,  where  he 
had  been  master  of  the  free  school.  It  is  ten  miles 
from  Baltimore  city,  and  one  and  a  half  soutli  from  the 
Church.  It  was  his  residence  during  his  life  time,  and 
is  now  (1854)  the  residence  of  his  grandson  Dr.  Thomas 
Cradock  Walker.*" 

(i)  It  is  now  {1898)  in  the  possessionof  the  widow  and  children  of  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock 
(died  July  i6,  1896)  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker.  Mr.  Cradock  was  the 
great  grandson  of  the  first  Rector  in  the  line  both  of  his  father  and  mother.  His 
name  was  changed  from  Walker  to  Cradock  by  act  of  I,egislature,  at  the  desire 
of  his  father. 


^/^  !^^  ^if I       /  ^ 


<7  %' 


(  eruyy^ 


"l—^    -      /^^    ^ 


V4-^.*7   J       f-yr^i 


V 


6fe 


7^/<r^^ 


f 


I  AC-SIMII.E    FIRST    PAiiE    VESTKV    RECORD. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Vestry   Proceedings,   1745 — 1770. 

T  THEIR  second  meeting,  Maj^  2,  1745, 
the  Vestry  ordered  two  books  to  be  pro- 
cured for  the  use  of  the  Parish,  one  for 
recording  the  proceedings  of  the  Vestry, 
the  other  for  registering  births,  marriages  and  deaths, 
as"  was  then  by  law  required  ;  and  during  Mr. 
Cradock's  ministry  the  requisition  seems  to  have  been 
general!}'  complied  with.  These  books,  together  with 
the  book  of  accounts  procured  soon  after,  are  still  in 
possession  of  the  Vestry  and  in  fair  condition.  On  the 
twenty-eighth  of  the  same  month  the  Vestry  agreed 
with  Col.  William  Hammond  for  levelling  the  Church 
floor  with  earth,  "within  three  bricks  of  the  water  table 
— the  said  floor  to  be  well  rammed  and  hardened."  He 
was  also  to  floor  a  part  of  the  Church  with  brick,  for 
which  he  was  to  have  20  shillings,  or  $2.66  per  thousand; 
and  on  the  brick  he  was  to  lay  a  floor  of  pine  plank,  on 
sleepers  of  red  or  Spanish  oak — as  also,  to  build  fine 
pews  thereon;  they  were  to  be  of  panel  work.  This 
record  certainly  shows  that  the  Vestry  intended  what 
was  done  to  be  well  and  substantially  done. 


14  TLbc  (Barrfson  Cburcb. 

Ou  the  eighteenth  of  [une  they  also  agreed  with 
Col.  Hammond,  to  build  a  brick  Vestry  House,  i6  feet 
by  12,  in  the  clear.  The  floor  was  to  be  laid  with  brick, 
the  roof  to  be  covered  with  cypress  shingles,  the  doors, 
windows,  boxing  and  barge-boards  to  be  of  pine  plank 
and  painted.  For  this  the  Vestry  agreed  to  give 
^24  current  money,  being  $63.84. 

The  first  contract  Col.  Hammond  failed  in  part  to 
fulfil,  and  on  the  twentieth  of  January,  1746,  the  Vestry 
agreed  with  Mr.  William  Cromwell  for  building  the 
whole  set  of  pews  in  their  church,  and  to  make  the 
communion  table,  rails  and  balusters  around  the 
chancel.  The  balusters  were  to  be  of  walnut  and 
handsomely  turned.  They  were  to  give  ^140  equalto 
$372  and  find  the  materials.  These  entries  on  the 
record  are  interesting,  not  only  as  showing  the  progress 
towards  finishing  the  building,  but  also  the  expense  of 
those  portions  of  it  mentioned,  and  the  cost  of  such 
work  at  that  time.  This  was  all  done  and  paid  for  by 
money  raised  by  private  subscriptions  in  the  Parish. 
The  General  Assembly's  provisions  thus  had  not 
proved  sufficient. 

On  the  third  of  March  the  church  warden  was 
allowed  18  shillings,  or  $2  40,  for  furnishing  the  Holy 
Communion  during  the  year.  The  fact  shows  us  that 
the  Holy  Communion  was  provided  for  then,  as  it 
always  should  be,  and  by  canon  is  required  to  be,  by 
the  warden. 

At  their  meeting,  July  19   the  Vestry  agreed  with 


36o5ils  IRetresbment  of  tbe  Uestrg.  15 

Col.  Hammond,  "to  paint  with  red  the  window  shutters, 
doors  window  frames,  and  cornice,  twice  over,  in  the 
best  manner,  workmanlike",  for  which  he  was  to  have 
^11  current  money,  equal  to  $29.26,  he  allowing  _;^5 
thereof,  that  is  $13.30,  provided  he  is  seated  in  a  pew  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Rector. 

On  the  seventh  of  October  the  pews  were  finished 
and  accepted,  being  nineteen  in  number.  This  may  seem 
now  to  have  been  a  very  small  number  to  have  filled 
up  the  area  within  the  walls.  But  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  these  pews  were  not  made  after  the  modern 
sofa  or  settee  fashion,  for  that  would  have  given  nearly 
fifty.  They  were  made,  after  the  fashion  of  that  da)', 
nearly  square,  having  seats  on  three  sides,  with  straight 
backs  as  high  as  the  neck  of  the  person  seated.  Thirty 
years  ago  there  was  not  a  country  church  in  Maryland 
but  had  these  pews. 

Little  is  recorded  for  some  years  of  au}'  particular 
interest,  other  than  the  ordinar}'  routine  of  business, 
save  the  fining  of  vestrymen  occasionally  for  absence 
from  vestry  meetings,  the  rather  frequent  cases  of 
administering  discipline  in  case  of  moral  delinquency, 
and  the  provisions  made  for  the  bodily  refreshment  of 
the  members  of  the  vestry  on  vestry  days.  There 
were,  at  different  times,  sundry  duties  imposed  upon 
vestries,  by  the  General  Assembly,  which  were  civil 
rather  than  ecclesiastical.  Such  were  the  nominations 
of  inspectors  of  tobacco,  the  returning  annually  a  list 
of  the  bachelors  of  the  Parish  for  taxation,  the  taking 


16  Hbe  (Barrtson  Cburcb. 

cognizance  of  violations  of  the  Sabbath,  of  disorderly 
houses  and  of  lewdness,  fornication  and  adultery. 
All  these  came  before  the  Vestry  for  their  action,  and 
some  of  them  were  not  a  little  troublesome. 

In  providing,  as  referred  to,  for  their  bodily 
refreshment,  under  date  of  April  i6,  1750,  there  is  this 
entry  :  'Agreed  to  have  a  quart  of  rum  and  sugar 
equivalent  on  each  vestry  day,  and  as  much  diet  as  will 
give  the  Vestry  a  dinner,  at  the  Parish  expense  "  The 
sexton  was  to  provide  the  dinner,  and  have  for  it  8 
shillings,  or  $1.06.  But  on  January  7,  1752,  it 
was  ordered  "that  each  vestryman  and  warden,  in  his 
turn,  find  a  dinner,  and  a  quart  of  rum  and  sugar;  to 
take  off  the  great  scaiidle  and  charge  the  Parish  has 
labored  under."  It  was  thus  at  that  time,  considered 
a  great  scandal,  and  a  great  charge  also,  and  the 
Register,  or  some  one  else,  has  drawn  on  the  margin  of 
the  first  mentioned  entry  a  large  open  eye  attentively 
gazing  at  it.  But,  for  the  rector,  six  vestrymen,  two 
wardens  and  the  register,  ten  men  in  all,  this  was 
certainly  no  great  amount  provided  for  their  drinking, 
and  the  provision  was  beyond  all  question  reasonable. 
There  was  then  no  tavern  or  planter's  house  at  hand, 
and  some  of  the  Vestry  lived  ten  miles  distant.  There 
was  this  distance  to  ride,  and  much  of  it  through  the 
forest,  and  the  business  before  them  often  occupied 
many  hours  But  the  circumstance  is  referred  to 
neither  to  apologize  for,  nor  to  find  fault  with,  but  as 
showing  something  of  the  habits  of  the  day.     A  Vestry 


Zbc  "Glse  of  tbe  Surplice.  17 

at  this  time  was  nothing  less  than  a  parish  court,  and 
ver^-  little  of  the  business  imposed  upon  it  by  law  was 
strictl}-  of  a  religious  character.  Besides  what  was  just 
now  stated,  the  settlement  of  current  accounts,  the 
providing  for  parish  assessments  and  the  settling  of 
tobacco  accounts  was  the  business  of  these  meetings  for 
many  years.  The  oiifice  was  no  sinecure — it  was  labor 
and  expense  without  pay. 

February  6,  1750,  we  find  the  Vestry  ordering  linen 
for  a  surplice,  which  cost,  with  the  making,  _^4.  as.  6d., 
or  nearh^  $11.  Its  use  in  that  day,  in  the  celebration 
of  public  worship,  was  common  in  the  province,  and  it 
was  provided  always  at  the  parish  expense. 

In  Ma}-,  1 75 1,  it  was  ordered  that  the  sexton  pro- 
vide a  sufficient  quantity  of  w^ater  every  Sunda}-,  and 
that  lie  be  paid  for  it  _;^3,  about  $S  a  year. 

In  February,  1753,  it  was  agreed  and  ordered  that 
two  of  the  vestrymen  of  this  parish,  or  any  two  of  the 
parishioners,  sliall  meet  any  two  of  the  vestr^-men  of 
St.  John's  Parish,  or  an}-  two  of  the  parishioners  thereof, 
at  any  time  and  place  the  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock  and 
the  Rev.  Hugh  Deans,  then  Rector  of  St.  John's,  shall 
appoint,  /o  settle  the  limits  and  extent  of  the  Run, 
con:monly  called  the  Western  Run,  and  that  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Cradock  give  notice  thereof  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Deans. 
This  shows  that  the  Western  Run,  whatever  might  be 
settled  as  to  its  extent,  was  then  the  dividing  line 
between  the  two  parishes,  and  so  it  continued  to  be. 

In  July,  1755,  there  was  ordered  a  large  Bible  from 


18  TLbc  Garrison  Cburcb. 

England  and  two  large  prayer  books  for  the  use  of  the 
Church,  and  they  were  obtained.  They  were  large 
folios,  noble  volumes,  such  as  the  reading  desks  and 
communion  tables  of  the  present  day  rarely  exhibit 
anjrwhere.  They  cost  ^8.  8s.,  about  $22.35.  ^^  is 
worth  noticing  here,  also,  that  the  communion  expenses 
for  the  year  were  ^3.  is.,  that  is  $8.  This  indicates 
either  the  frequency  of  the  communion  or  the  consid- 
erable numbers  attending  it,  perhaps,  indeed,  both. 

In  the  year,  1756,  the  Vestry  agreed  with  Solomon 
Wooden  and  William  Barney  to  put  up  a  gallery  for 
_;^53,  or  $141.  Before  this,  consequently,  there  had  been 
no  gallery  in  the  Church,  and  the  erection  of  one  now 
gives  ground  for  the  inference  that  the  congregation  had 
much  increased.  The  gallery  was  put  up  across  the  west 
end  of  the  Church. 

The  period  to  which  we  have  now  come  still  found 
comparatively  few  inhabitants  north  of  the  Church,  and 
the  countr}-  was  mostly  one  unbroken  wild-wood,  where 
the  Indians  and  wolves  prowled  not  infrequently,  and 
the  wild  deer  were  often  seen  and  hunted.  After  the 
defeat  of  Braddock,  in  1755,  at  what  is  now  Pittsburg, 
the  Indians  passed  down  this  side  of  Fort  Cumberland, 
to  within  sixty  or  seventy  miles  of  St.  Thomas',  in  large 
parties,  for  murder  and  plunder.  It  created  great  alarm 
over  all  this  region,  and  it  was  probably  at  this  time 
that  we  hear  of  those  who  attended  the  Church  on  the 
Lord's  Da}-,  burnishing  their  arms  and  preparing  their 
ammunition  on  Saturday  evening,  and  next  day  at  the 


JSacbelors  UaieO.  19 

,sanctuar_v  placing  their  arms  in  the  corner  of  the  pews 
during  the  hours  of  Divine  service. 

1756.  Bachelor  Tax. — About  this  time  there 
was  an  act  passed  by  the  General  Assembly-,  in  order  to 
repay  the  money  expended  in  protecting  the  frontiers,  to 
tax  all  bachelors,  twenty-five  years  of  age  and  upwards, 
worth  ^100  and  under  ^300,  about  75  cents  each,  and 
all  w^orth  ^300  and  upward,  $2.66  each.  And  the 
return  of  these  taxables  was  required  to  be  made  by  the 
Parish  Vestry.  Under  this  law,  therefore,  the  following 
named  bachelors  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  were  returned 
during  the  eight  years  of  its  continuance,  as  here  ex- 
hibited, 1756-1763.*'* 

1763.  At  the  November  session  of  the  General 
Assembly,  in  1763,  there  was  an  act  passed  by  which 
the  fort}-  pound  tobacco  poll-tax,  for  the  support  of  the 
clerg}-,  was  reduced  to  thirty  pounds  per  poll,  thus 
cutting  off  one-foiirth  of  the  minister's  living.  This 
act  was  to  continue  in  force  three  A-ears,  but  in  each 
successive  three  years  it  continiied  to  be  renewed.  In 
Mr.  Cradock's  case,  however,  what  was  thus  taken  away 
was  more  than  made  up  b}-  the  increase  in  the  number 
of  taxables  as  the  population  extended  in  the  new 
"Hundreds"  which  were  created.  These  "Hundreds", 
it  maj-  be  remarked  here,  were  much  what  our  election 
districts  now  are. 

The  number  of  taxables  in  the  parish  as  returned 
in  1766  were  1522,  giving  the  amount  of  tobacco  for  the 


(I)    See  Appendix  D. 


20  TLbc  ©acrison  Cburcb. 

rector  45,660  pounds,  subject,  however,  to  the  usual 
deduction  of  five  per  cent,  to  the  sheriff  for  collecting ; 
1000  pounds  for  the  parish  clerk  and  losses  by  failure 
to  pay  which  were  always  considerable.  The  increase  of 
taxables  thus  was  847,  from  the  time  of  Mr.  Cradock's 
coming  here,  showing  a  population  of  more  than  6000. 
The  amount  of  the  living  in  this  parish,  as  returned 
by  government  to  the  Bishop  of  London,  in  1767,  was 
^191.  7$.  6d.  sterling,  certainly'  no  very  considerable 
sum  for  a  population  of  6000. 

1759.  The  Church  Plastered. — ^July  3,  1759, 
the  Vestry  made  an  agreement  with  Alexander  Wells 
to  plaster  and  whitewash  the  Church  ;  he  finding  all 
the  materials,  and  to  have  for  it  ^70,  or  $186,  and  one 
year's  time  to  do  the  work  in.  Sixteen  years  had  now 
passed  away  since  the  walls  of  the  building  had  been 
erected,  and  the  congregation  had  worshipped  in  an 
unplastered  church. 

1761.  New  Roof. — The  Church  was  scarcely  com- 
pleted, as  just  mentioned,  when  it  was  found  that  the 
roof  was  in  such  condition  as  to  require  to  be  newly 
shingled.  The  old  shingles  were,  therefore,  taken  off, 
and  for  putting  on  the  new  the  Vestry  paid  the  Avork- 
men  20s.,  or  $2.66  per  square.  This,  it  is  imagined, 
would  now  be  considered  a  high  price,  but  it  is  to  be 
remembered  that  the  end  of  every  shingle  exposed  to 
the  weather  was  made  circular.  It  was  designed  that  it 
should  be  a  finished  piece  of  work. 

1763.      New    Surplice. — In    this    year    a    new 


Ubc  Destrs's  police  JurlsMctton.  21 

surplice  was  needed  and  one  was  procured,  the  cost  of 
which  to  the  Vestry  was  ;^5.  13s.  6d.,  or  about  $15. 

The  Vestry's  Police  Jurisdiction. — In  June 
occurs  an  instance,  in  the  records,  of  what  has  before 
been  shown  to  be  one  of  the  duties  imposed  on  the 
Vestr}-,  illustrating  what  may  be  termed  its  police  juris- 
diction. Four  persons  there  named  were  cited  to  appear 
before  the  Vestry  for  keeping  irregular  houses  and  bad 
company.  In  obedience  to  the  summons  the}'  appeared 
and  were  admonished.  The  Vestrj-  could  not,  indeed, 
inflict  any  higher  penalty.  If,  in  fact,  such  or  other  cases 
required  any  further  punishment  it  was  inflicted  by  the 
Court  of  the  County  Justices,  to  which  the  Vestry  was 
required  to  report  them. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

Thomas   Cradock. 

N  THE  Maryland  Gazette,  then  published 
at  the  cit}'  of  Annapolis,  and  the  only 
paper  printed  in  the  colony,  nnder  date 
of  May  5,  1747,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cradock 
advertised  to  take  yonng  gentlemen  into  his  family  and 
teach  them  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  and  to 
furnish  them  with  board  at  ^20,  Maryland  currency,  that 
is,  aboiit  $53.20,  in  advance.  This  school  was  accordingly 
opened.  It  was  prompted  probablv  b}'  desire  of  useful- 
ness, for  schools  conducted  by  men  qualified  for  teaching, 
— and  Mr.  Cradock  was  an  accomplished  scholar, — were 
rare ;  and  also  by  his  love  of  literary  pursuits  rather 
than  for  adding  to  his  means  of  support,  for, — besides 
his  parish  income,  which  was  then  indeed  small,  not 
amounting  to  $300,  after  deducting  charges  and  losses, — 
it  will  be  recollected  that  he  was  in  possession  of  a  good 
farm.  This  school  was  continued  by  him  for  some 
years.  And  while  some  in  its  immediate  vicinity  were 
benefited  by  it,  it  was  much  patronized  from  the  more 
southern  counties  of  the  Province.  Among  the  pupils 
are  remembered  Lee  of  St.  Mary's,  Barnes  of  Charles, 


Tlbe  IRector's  Scbool.  28 

the  Spriggs  and  Bowies  of  Prince  George's,  the  Dula- 
neys  of  Anne  Arundel  and  the  celebrated  Col.  Cresap. 
The  valne  of  such  schools  can  now  hardly  be  estimated. 
Mr.  Cradock  was,  indeed,  devoted  to  his  studies ;  so 
much  so  that  not  infrequenth',  when  company  was 
visiting  his  house  to  enjo}-  the  hospitality  and  socia- 
bility for  which  he  was  celebrated,  he  was  known 
to  withdraw  himself  unobsen-ed,  and  when  enquired 
for  was  certain  to  be  found  quietly  ensconced  in  his 
study.  The  present  remains  of  his  theological  and 
classical  library  show  that  it  certainly  presented  some 
temptation  to  such  a  seclusion. 

During  the  year  1747  Mr.  Cradock  published  two 
sermons,  one  of  which  was  preached  in  St.  Thomas 
Church  on  the  da}-  of  the  Governor's  Thanksgiving 
on  the  occasion  of  the  suppression  of  the  Scotch  rebel- 
lion, from  Psalm  122  :  6,  7,  "  Pray  for  the  peace  of 
Jerusalem.  They  shall  prosper  that  love  thee  ;  peace  be 
within  thy  walls,  and  plenteousness  within  thy  palaces." 
The  other  was  preached,  on  the  same  occasion,  in 
St.  Paul's  Church,  Baltimore,  of  which  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Chase,  father  of  the  celebrated  Judge  Samuel 
Chase,  was  rector,  from  Prov.  17:  22,  "A  merr}-  heart 
doeth  good  like  a  medicine."  Success  in  this  rebellion 
would  have  again  placed  a  papist  on  the  throne  of 
England.  The  defeat,  therefore,  of  the  Pretender  was 
the  triumph  of  the  Protestants,  and  cause  of  great 
rejoicings  and  patriotic  professions  among  them.  Thus, 
in  the  latter  discourse  Mr.  Cradock  exclaims,  "  Yes,  ni}- 


24  TTbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

brethren  and  fellow-citizens,  let  iis  remember  what  we 
are,  whence  we  came  and  from  whom  we  sprung ;  that 
we  are  Britons  ;  that  we  are  the  sons  of  those  who  valued 
life  less  than  liberty,  and  readily  gave  their  blood  to 
leave  that  liberty  to  posterity.  Let  us  remember  what 
rights  every  Englishman  enjoys  ;  and  that  the  proudest 
of  us  all  cannnot,  dare  not  oppress  his  meanest,  lowest 
brother.  And,  oh,  let  us  remember  that  we  can  choose 
our  religion  likewise,  and  need  not  tamely,  basely  submit 
to  the  slavish  yoke  of  a  Roman  Pontiff ;  a  yoke, 
which  I  hope  I  may  now  boldly  say,  our  proud  enemies 
attempted  to  put  upon  us  in  vain,  and  which  every 
honest  man  would  have  rejected  with  the  loss  of  his  last 
blood.  These,  all  these,  let  us  remember,  and  can  we 
then  be  otherwise  than  merry  and  joyful,  and  pour  forth 
our  whole  soul  in  grateful  acknowledgment  to  the 
Divine  Being  ?  " 

On  the  twenty-second  of  August,  1753,  there  was  a 
meeting  of  the  clergy  at  Annapolis,  to  hear  and  replj' 
to  letters  from  Lord  Baltimore,  to  welcome  the  new 
Governor  and  consider  some  existing  grievances.  There 
were  seventeen  of  the  forty-one  clergy  of  the  province 
present,  five  of  whom  were  from  the  Eastern  Shore. 
On  both  days  of  their  meeting  the  prayers  were  read  by 
Mr.  Cradock.  This  meeting  was  adjourned  to  meet 
again  at  Annapolis,  on  the  second  Tuesday  after  the 
meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  on  the  second  of 
October. 

It  was  on  this  occasion  that  a  sermon  was  preached 


H  'Cranslatlon  of  tbe  iPaalms,  25 

b}-  Mr.  Cradock.  It  was  requested  for  publication,  but 
whether  it  was  printed  I  have  not  ascertained.  Its 
object  was,  from  the  statements  made,  to  show  the 
necessity  of  an  Episcopate  in  Marjdand.  It  is  able  and 
elocjuent,  earnest  and  manly,  and  contains  some  startling 
revelations."' 

In  this  same  3'ear,  1753,  Mr.  Cradock  published  a 
version  of  the  Psalms.  It  was  a  translation  from  the 
Hebrew  into  verse.  It  was  published  b}^  subscription, 
as  the  notice  of  it  in  the  Maryland  Gazette  of  that  da}- 
sliows;  and  the  number  and  character  of  the  subscribers, 
.some  of  whom  subscribed  for  many  copies,  indicate 
something  of  the  popularity  and  public  estimate  of  the 
author.  It  is  a  monument  of  Mr.  Cradock's  learning 
and  is  well  worthy  of  remembrance.  For  more  than 
five  years  before  his  death  Mr.  Cradock  attended  none 
of  the  meetings  of  the  \'estry.  He  was  prevented  from 
so  doing,  it  is  said,  by  a  most  remarkable  paralysis  with 
whicli  he  was  visited,  which  continued  till  the  day  of  his 
death.  His  whole  body  was  so  paralyzed  that  he  was 
unable  of  him.self  to  change  the  position  of  his  limbs, 
and  j-et  his  mind  retained  its  full  vigor  and  activity. 
During  all  this  time  he  seldom  failed  to  fulfill  his 
Sabbath  appointments,  though  he  had  to  be  carried  to 
the  church,  and  then  placed  b}-  his  servant  in  a  chair. 
He  could  not  stand  even  while  officiating,  and  if  his 
head  happened  to  sway  over  on  his  shoulder  the  sexton 
had  to  come  and  place  it  in  an   upright  position.      He 

(I)    A  copy  of  this  sennon  is  preserved  in  Dr.  AUen's  manuscript. 


26  ICbe  Garrison  Cburcb. 

was  a  large  man,  exceeding  in  weight  250  pounds. 
His  sermons  he  was  obliged  to  dictate  to  an 
amanuensis,  and  Mr.  George  Howard,  a  brother  of 
Col.  John  Eager  Howard,  one  of  the  j-oung  gentlemen 
educated  by  Mr.  Cradock,  was  for  some  years  thus 
employed.  After  Mr.  Howard's  death,  Mr.  Cradock's 
own  son  performed  that  task  for  him. 

In  the  year  1769,  February  23,  Mr.  Cradock  was 
called  to  meet  with  a  heavy  affliction,  in  the  death  of 
his  eldest  son  Arthur.  He  was  born  July  19,  1747,  and 
was  consequenth'  in  the  twenty-second  year  of  his  age. 
He  was  looking  forward  to  the  ministry,  for  which  he 
was  alread}^  prepared  and  Avas  awaiting  the  return  ves- 
sels in  the  spring  to  I'epair  to  England  for  orders,  when 
he  was  seized  with  a  fatal  illness.  He  had  already-,  under 
his  father's  direction,  commenced  his  work.  He  was 
accustomed  to  perform  divine  service  as  Lay  Reader  thir- 
teen miles  west  of  St.  Thomas'  Church  where  the  chapel 
was  subsequentl}-  built;  at  a  \illage  now  called  Westmin- 
ster, twenty  miles  distant ;  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
what  is  now  known  as  the  stone  (Lutheran)  Church 
nearly  the  same  distance  north.  He  was  long  remem- 
bered for  his  earnest  piety  and  zeal.  They  were  such  as 
to  gain  for  him  in  his  day  the  name  of  Methodist. 

The  ministry  of  Mr.  Cradock  was  continued  until 
Ma}'  7,  1770.  On  that  day  he  died,  having  been  the 
incumbent  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  more  than  twenty- 
five  years.  He  was  buried  wdiere  his  monument  is  still 
seen  in  St.  Thomas'  Church  A-ard.     He  left  behind  him 


/iDr.  Cra&och's  Deatb.  27 

a  widow,  two  sons  and  a  daiigliter.  His  widow  survi\-ed 
him  tweiit3'-five  3-ears,  and  died  August  20,  1795,  aet.  67. 
At  the  close  of  Mr.  Cradock's  ministry  he  left  a 
parish  with  a  large  population,  furnishing  a  support  of 
nearly-  $1000  per  annum.  At  the  same  time  it  was  a 
united  parish,  having  no  dissenting  place  of  worship  in 
it,  so  far  as  now  known,  save  a  Friends'  Meeting  House 
in  the  north-east  part,  nearly  ten  miles  distant  from  the 
church  and  two  miles  west  of  Cockeysville ;  and  this 
was  probably  in  existence  while  St.  Thomas'  was  a  part 
of  St.  Paul's  Parish,  before  Mr.  Cradock  came  into  the 
province.""  The  number  of  communicants  in  the  later 
years  of  his  ministry  was  large.  It  is  a  matter  of  regret 
that  it  was  not  then  as  now  the  custom  to  keep  a  register 
of  their  names  ;  but  their  number  is  still  remembered. 
His  daughter  was  accustomed,  in  after  times,  to  tell  of 
having  been  present  at  the  Holy  Communion  in  vSt. 
Tliomas'  when  there  were  present  more  than  one  hundred 
communicants. 


Mr.  Allen  has  overlooked,  what  he  must  have  well  known,  that  the  Salers'  [Baptist] 
Meeting  House  was  huilt  about  the  same  time  as  .St.  Thomas'  Church. 


CHAPTER  V. 

William  Edmlston. 

R.  CRADOCK  was  succeeded  in  St. 
Thomas'  by  the  Rev.  William  Edmiston. 
On  the  nineteenth  of  Ma}',  1770,  as  the 
records  show,  he  presented  to  the  Vestry 
his  letters  mandate  and  induction  from  His  Excellency, 
Robert  Eden,  Esq.,  Governor  of  the  Province  of  Mary- 
land. 

Mr.  Edmiston  appears  to  have  been  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  educated  at  the  college  in 
Philadelphia.  He  studied  for  the  ministry  in  the  Pres- 
byterian connection,  but  afterward  repaired  to  England 
and  was  ordained  deacon  by  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln, 
March  15,  1767;  was  ordained  priest  by  the  Bishop 
of  Oxford,  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  March,  at  St.  James', 
Westminster,  and  on  the  thirtieth  he  was  licensed  to 
Pennsylvania  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  under  whose 
Episcopal  jurisdiction  were  all  the  colonies.  He  could 
not  long  have  staid  in  that  province,  for  he  soon  became 
Curate  in  St.  James',  Anne  Arundel,  and  March  30, 
1768,  he  became  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Annapolis.  On 
the  twenty-first  of  Jul}'  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maria 


XTbe  Cbapel  at  tbe  3forF?s.  29 

Woodward,  the  only  daughter  of  Mr.  William  Wood- 
ward, of  Annapolis,  "  a  very  agreeable  and  amiable 
3'oung  lady,"  said  the  Maryland  Gazette.  There  he 
continued  till  the  early  part  of  the  year  1770,  when  lie 
became  Curate  in  St.  George's  Parish,  Harford  County. 
From  thence  in  a  few  weeks  he  became  the  incumbent 
of  St.  Thomas'.     His  induction  is  dated  Maj'  9,  1770. 

Not  long  after  his  coming  into  the  parish  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  on  the  hill  north  of  the  Green  Springs, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  south-east  from  the  church. 
There  he  erected  a  brick  building,  w-hich  it  is  said  was 
intended  as  one  of  the  wings  of  a  large  house,  and  there 
it  still  stands  (1852),  in  the  midst  of  desolate,  poverty- 
stricken,  sedge  grass  fields.'"  About  this  time  cases 
are  recorded,  illustrating  what  has  been  termed  the 
police  jurisdiction  of  the  Vestry.  In  one  case  a  man  was 
cited  before  the  Vestry  for  keeping  his  mill  grinding  on 
the  Sabbath,  and  also  for  keeping  a  disorderly  house. 
In  another,  complaint  was  entered  to  the  Grand  Jury 
against  two  individuals  for  breaking  the  Sabbath,  and 
not  appearing  before  the  Vestry  at  their  citation. 

1771.  A  movement  was  made  towards  building  a 
chapel  in  the  Forks  of  the  Patapsco  where  Mr.  Cradock, 
and  after  him,  his  son  Arthur  had  been  accustomed 
to  hold  services.  Two  acres  of  land  were  given  for 
this  purpose  to  the  parish  by  John  Welch,  and  con- 
veyed  to  trustees,    viz:    Abel    Brown,    Robert    Tevis, 

(I)  This  place  is  now  (1898)  owned  by  Mr.  J.  Hopkins,  who  has  erected  a  handsome 
residence,  part  of  which  is  the  original  house  erected  by  Mr.  Edmiston, 
about  1771. 


30  Zbc  (Barrison  (Iburcb. 

Edward     Dorsey,     and    John    Elder,     March    3,    1771. 

1772.  The  fourth  of  May,  1772,  it  was  ordered  that 
a  chalice  and  paten  be  purchased,  and  also  one  yard  and 
a  half  of  green  cloth  to  co\-er  the  Communion  Table  ; 
[an  entrj'  on  the  account  books  occurs  as  follows : 
September  4,  1773,  paid  Gabriel  Lewin  for  making 
silver  plate  and  cup  for  the  Commiinion  ^'26.  14s.  gd.] 
During  this  year  (1772)  we  find  the  first  written  state- 
ment respecting  the  Methodists  in  this  parish.  In  the 
journal  of  Mr.  Francis  Asburv,  subsequently  known  as 
Bishop  Asbury,  under  date  of  November  24,  1772, 
he  says  that  he  "came  to  his  old  friend,  Joshua 
Owings  the  Forest  home  for  the  Methodists."  Mr. 
Joshua  Owings  was  one  of  the  first  vestry  when 
St.  Thomas'  Parish  was  organized  twenty-seven  years 
before,  and  a  vestryman  and  church  warden  a  num- 
ber of  times  afterwards.  Mr.  Asbury  calls  it  "an 
agreeable  house  and  family",  and  the  old  man  "an 
Israelite  indeed."  "One  son,  Richard,  was  a  preacher, 
and  many  people  were  there."  Mr.  Owings  lived 
north-west  from  the  arsenal  and  south  from  the 
church.'" 

Six  3'ears  previous,  Robert  Strawbridge,  a  Metho- 
dist, from  Ireland,  had  settled  in  Frederick,  near 
Pipe  Creek,  and  two  years  afterwards  built  there 
"  the  log  meeting  house."  This  was  the  begin- 
ning   of    the    Methodists    in    the    coIoua'.        He    held 

III  The  Parish  Rfgister  shows  his  children  by  his  wi  fe  Mary  to  have  been  John  Cockey , 
born  Jannary  it,  1736;  Richard,  November  13,  1738:  Joshua,  March  22,  1740; 
Edward.  November  17,  1743:  Michael,  February  12,  1745  ;  Marcella,  Jnly  5,  174.S. 


Ube  HDetboMsts.  31 

public  meetings  and  traveled  as  a  preaclier.  Richard 
Owings    was  probabl}-  one  of  his  converts. 

At  the  time  Mr.  Asbury  paid  this  visit,  and  for 
twehe  years  after,  the  Methodist  preachers  refused 
to  baptize  or  administer  the  Hoi 3'  Communion,  and 
required  the  members  of  their  classes  t9  attend  the 
Church  and  receive  the  Sacraments  there.  Thus,  in 
June,  1773,  at  Philadelphia,  "the  following  rules  were 
agreed  to  b}-  all  the  preachers  present:  ist.  Every 
preacher  who  acts  in  connection  with  Mr.  \Vesle^•,  and 
the  brethren  who  labor  in  America,  is  strictly  to  avoid 
the  administering  the  ordinances  of  Baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper.  2d.  All  the  people  among  whom  we 
labor  to  be  earnestly  exhorted  to  attend  the  church  and 
to  receive  the  ordinances  there ;  but  in  a  particular 
manner  to  press  the  people  in  Maryland  and  Virginia 
to  the  observance  of  this  minute."  Such  is  the  record 
in  the  minutes  of  the  Methodist  Conference  of  that  j-ear. 
Besides,  the}'  held  their  preaching  at  a  different  hour 
from  the  services  of  the  church,  so  that  their  members 
might  attend  them.  And  Mr.  Asbur}-  held  this  language 
to  the  clergy,  "  I  come  to  assist  j-ou  not  to  draw  awa\- 
the  people  from  the  church."  [Journal  Vol.  I,  p.  36.] 
Six  years  after  (1779)  stands  this  question  in  the 
Methodist  Minutes  (page  19),  "  Shall  we  guard  against 
separation  from  the  Church  ? "  Answer — "  B}-  all 
means."    Such  was  the  decision  of  the  Conference  then. 

The  Methodists  at  that  time  in  the  parish  were  held 
to  be   members  of   the  Church.      The}-  were   simpl\-  a 


32  UF)e  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

religious  party  in  it,  and  protested  against  separating, 
and  their  earnest  zeal  drew  many  into  their  connection, 
while  it  did  not  profess  to  withdraw  them  from  the 
church.  There  was  a  preaching  house  at  Westminster, 
then  called  Winchester,  though  not  finished  (Asbur}', 
page  34).  This  was  doubtless  the  first  in  the  parish. 
In  the  coming  year  (1773),  February'  24th,  Mr.  Asburv 
writes  thus:  "I  went  to  J.  D's  "  [John  Doughadaj', 
who  in  1765,  '66,  '67  had  been  a  vestryman  in  the  parish 
and  lived  near  the  Beaver  Dam,  east  from  the  church], 
"  where  many  people  attended  '•'  '•'  My  old  opponent, 
Mr.  E.  [Edmiston] ,  met  me  here,  but  he  did  not  appear 
so  forward  as  he  had  been."  We  are  here  shown  that 
Mr.  Asbury  felt  Mr.  Edmiston  to  be  opposed  to  him. 
Consequently  all  the  Methodists  were  found  in  oppo- 
sition to  Mr.  Edmiston.  During  the  early  part  of  this 
year  Mr.  Asbury  had  monthly  appointments  at  Mr. 
Owings'  (pp.  40,  42,  43,  46).  He  had  a  class  there, 
and  tells  us  that  "  several  rich  people  attended "  the 
preaching. 

In  this  year  the  chapel  at  "  The  Forks  "  had  been 
finished,  and  October  12,  1773,  Robert  Tevis  and  John 
Elder  were  appointed  a  committee  by  the  Vestry,  and 
^'50  were  allowed  them  to  put  seats  in  a  chapel  on  the 
Forks  of  the  Falls.  In  the  next  year  the  Vestry  ordered 
a  Prayer  Book  for  it,  and  spoke  of  it  as  the  "  chapel  near 
Mr.  Welch's." 

About  this  time  the  Presb3'terians  and  Baptists 
commenced  their  services.     The  former  built  a  meeting 


^be  (Quebec  Bill.  33 

house  on  the  Liberty  Road,  five  or  six  miles  west  of  St. 
Thomas'  Church.  The  Baptists  built  what  was  called 
the  "  clapboard  meeting  house,"  about  two  miles  north 
of  Reisterstown. 

Besides  all  these  drawbacks,  Mr.  Edmiston  came  in 
for  his  share  of  the  popular  odium  which  was  visited 
upon  the  clerg•^■  from  their  being  supported  by  a  general 
tax,  paid  b}-  all  of  excvy  denomination.  Mr.  Edmiston's 
support  from  the  parish  must  have  been  nominally  $1500, 
while  the  Methodist  preachers  received  onlv  about  $64 
and  their  traveling  expenses.  They  did  not  "  preach 
for  pay."     This  was  their  boast. 

1775.  The  political  revolution  which  had  .so  long 
been  ripening  was  now  come,  and  it  found  the  Rector  of 
St.  Thomas'  not  only  in  the  political  minority,  but  a 
violent  partisan  of  that  minority — he  was  a  Tory.  This 
was  enovigh.  Almost  the  entire  population  was  arrayed 
against  the  Church. 

Some  time  during  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1774, 
Mr.  Edmiston  had  publicly  approved  of  the  Quebec 
Bill,  so-called,  and  had  publicly  asserted  that  all  persons 
wlio  mustered  were  guilty  of  treason.  Nay,  more,  that 
such  of  them  as  had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance,  as  the 
officers  of  the  Parish  had  all  done,  and  afterwards  took 
up  arms  were  guilty  of  perjury.  The  county  "com- 
mittee of  observation"  hearing  of  thi.s — for  it  was  said 
publicly,  and  before  some  of  this  ver^-  committee — 
decided  that  such  declarations  had  a  tendency  to  defeat 
the    measures    recommended    for    the    preservation     ot 


34  ■Jibe  (Barrison  (Iburcb. 

America,  and  that  it  was  their  duty  to  take  notice  of 
persons  guilty  of  such  offences.  Consequently  a 
copy  of  the  charge  against  him  was  sent  to  Mr. 
Edmiston,  and  he  was  summoned  to  appear  before  them. 
Although  they  were  not  clothed  with  any  power  of 
law,  yet  as  their  judgment  was  liable  to  be  enforced  by 
popular  violence,  and  Mr.  Edmiston  quailed  and  obeyed 
the  summons.  After  taking  two  hours,  which  were  given 
him  to  consider  the  matter,  he  returned  the  following 
confession  (see  Maryland  Gazette,  January  17,  1775). 
After  acknowledging  that  he  had  said  what  was  charged 
upon  him,  and  having  explained  what  he  meant  b}-  the 
charge  of  perjury,  he  added,  "  I  solemnly  promise  to 
avoid  giving  any  just  cause  of  offence  by  propagating 
ail}-  opinion  opposite  to  the  decisions  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  or  Provincial  Convention.  And  upon  the 
most  serious  reflection  I  disapprove  of  the  Quebec  Bill, 
as  it  establishes  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  in  Quebec, 
abolishes  the  equitable  system  of  English  laws,  and 
ei-ects  a  tyrannj-  there  to  the  great  danger  (from  so  total 
a  dissimilarit}'  of  religion,  law  and  government)  of  the 
neighboring  British  Provinces,  b}-  the  assistance  of 
whose  blood  and  treasure  the  said  country  was  conquered. 
I  tenderly  love  my  country.  I  wish  for  her  prosperity, 
and  devoutly  praj'  that  the  present  conflict  may  termi- 
nate to  her  advantage  William  Edmiston."  But 
he  had  already  ruined  himself  with  the  people  of  his 
parish,  and  did  not  venture  to  appear  again  in  the  pulpit. 
In  the  midst  of  the  excited  popular  feeling  it  was  not 


Z\ic  Uors  IRector, 


35 


safe  for  liim  to  remain,  and  on  the  tenth  of  vSeptember, 
1775,  he  sailed  for  England,  leaving  his  wife  and 
daughter  in  the  care  of  Samuel  OAvings,  Esq.  After 
some  time  he  sent  for  his  family,  and  he,  himself,  never 
returned.  In  1782,  an  Act  of  Assembly  was  obtained 
for  his  relief,  enabling  him  to  dispose  of  his  propert)-. 

Mr.  Edmiston  was  a  well-educated  and  energetic 
man,  against  whose  moral  character  no  charge  was  made. 

The  church  was  identified  with  its  minister,  and 
much  of  the  feeling  which  lent  itself  to  drive  him  away 
was  next  turned  to  the  destruction  of  the  church   itself. 


^^€ 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Thomas   HopkiNvSon,  Curate. 

HE  VESTRY  was  not  content  that  the 
Pari.sh  shonld  remain  vacant.  On  the 
third  of  October  it  was  ordered  that  the 
clerk  advertise  for  the  parishioners  to 
attend  the  Vestry  on  the  17th,  in  order  to  employ  a  new 
minister,  as  the  Rev.  Mr.  Edmiston  had  left  the  parish 
without  informing  either  the  Vestry  or  the  parishioners. 
On  the  17th  a  meeting  was  held  but  adjourned,  without 
transacting  any  business,  to  the  31st,  in  order  that  there 
might  be  a  larger  attendance.  The  day  came  and  at 
that  meeting  it  was  agreed  to  write  and  sign  a  petition 
to  His  Excellency,  the  Governor.  The  Vestry  then 
were  Joseph  Cromwell,  Jr.,  Charles  Dorsey  of  Nichs., 
Thomas  Bennett,  Dr.  John  Cradock,  and  John  Eager 
Howard.  What  was  the  result  of  the  petition  there  was 
no  record  made  to  show,  but  a  note  written  on  a  page 
near  the  end  of  the  book  containing  the  Vestry's  pro- 
ceedings, signed  b}'  Joseph  Gist,  then  Register  states. 
"  The  Rev.  William  Edmiston  left  St.  Thomas'  Parish 
the  tenth  of  September,  and  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Hopkinson  came   into   the   said   parish    the    tenth    day 


XCbe  IDestr?  IRenounce  allegiance.  37 

of  December,  1775.  We  had  no  minister  at  all  in  the 
parish  for  the  term  of  three  months." 

The  Rk\".  Thomas  Hopkin,son,  Curate.  In  the 
records  at  Annapolis  it  is  found  that  Governor  Eden 
licensed  Mr.  Hopkinson  November  2 2d  as  curate,  with 
one  moiet}^  of  the  parish  income  ;  the  other  was  to  be 
paid  to  Mrs.  Edmistou. 

Mr.  Hopkinson  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  the  son  of  Thomas  Hopkinson,  Esq.,  who  emi- 
grated to  this  country  with  his  wife,  the  niece  of  the 
Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  he  was  a  brother  of  Francis 
Hopkinson,  born  1737,  the  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Mr.  Hopkinson  was  ordained  in  Eng- 
land and  licensed  b}-  the  Bishop  of  London,  September 
24,  1773.  He  was  then  a  j^oung  man,  and  had  been  in 
the  ministry  biit  a  little  more  than  two  years  when  he 
came  to  Maryland  and  became  Rector  (curate)  of  St. 
Thomas'. 

On  the  eleventh  of  June,  1776,  the  former  oaths  of 
ofhce  for  qualifying  vestrymen,  and  other  church 
officers  were  cast  aside,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock,  a 
newly  elected  vestryman,  was  qualified  according  to 
the  resolves  of  the  Provincial  Convention  of  Mar}-- 
land.  Allegiance  to  the  King  of  Great  Britian  was 
thus  actually  renounced  by  the  Vestry  of  St.  Thomas' 
twenty-three  days  previous  to  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. 

On  the  same  daj-  (June  eleventh)  the  Ve.stry's 
records    show    that     Mr.     Hopkinson    announced     his 


38  Ubc  (Barrison  (IburcF). 

intention  to  leave  the  parish.  It  is  said,  however,  that 
he  remained  one  year  from  the  date  of  his  coming,  and 
then  returned  to  Penns3dvania.  He  was  afterwards 
Rector  of  Shrewsbury  Parish,  Kent  County,  (1778), 
but  resigned  there  October  4,  1779.  In  1784  he  became 
the  minister  of  Kingston  Parish,  Matthews  Count}-, 
Virginia,  which  position  he  appears  to  have  held 
till  1788.  In  the  Maryland  Gazette  of  that  year  there 
is  this  paragraph:  "On  the  twenty-sixth  of  Maj?,  1788, 
died  in  Charles  County,  Maryland,  at  the  residence  of 
B.  Fendall,  Esc].,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hopkinson  between 
thirt}'  and  forty  3'ears  of  age."  He  was  probabl}'  about 
thirty-nine,  and  appears  to  have  been  on  his  way  home 
to  Philadelphia. 

If  tradition  be  true  there  was  no  reason  to  regret 
his  leaving  the  Parish,  for  his  dissipation  gave  a  well- 
nigh  finishing  blow  to  the  church.  Before  he  left, 
however,  the  church  had  been  entirely  deprived  of  her 
temporal  support,  for,  by  the  Act  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
\-ention,  in  November,  the  laws  for  tlie  support  of  the 
clerg}-  ceased  to  exi.st. 

From  the  time  of  Mr.  Hopkinson's  leaving  no 
Vestry  meeting  was  held  until  Ma}'  20,  1777,  when  the 
only  thing  recorded  to  have  been  done  was  to  "  adjourn 
until  further  emergencies.'"  There  was  not  onl}-  no 
minister  in  the  parish,  but  there  was  no  Vestry  appointed 
for  this  3'ear. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  June  died  Cornelius  Howard, 
Esq.,  aet  71.      He  was  the  first  church  warden  when  the 


Ifrancis  asbur\?.  39 

parish  was  organized  in  1745,  and  frequently  thereafter 
a  vestrj-man/" 

As  showing  something  about  matters  in  the  parisli, 
the  following  is  taken  from  the  Journal  of  the  Rev. 
Francis  Asbury,  Vol.  I,  p.  194;  edition  1821.  "  1777, 
August  26,  T.  W.  (Thomas  Worthington)  informed  me 
that  they  had  made  choice  of  me  to  preach  in  the 
Garrettson  (Garrison)  Church.  But  I  shall  do  nothing 
that  will  separate  me  from  ni}-  brethren.  I  hope  to  live 
and  die  a  Methodist."  This  information,  however,  was 
not  authorized  by  the  Vestr}-,  for  there  was  none.  Con- 
sequentl}-  the  choice  could  not  have  come  from  that 
source. 

1779.  The  next  meeting  of  the  Yestr}-  was  on 
the  sixth  of  June,  1779.  At  that  time  a  Vestry  was 
elected  under  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  the  General 
Assembly,  entitled  "  An  Act  for  the  establishment  of 
select  Vestries,"  passed  at  its  March  session.  The  Act 
of  1692,  as  subsequentl}'  modified  and  amended,  had  by 
the  Revolution  been  done  away,  and  both  the  clergy  and 
people  of   the  church  seemed  to  suppose  that  all  was 

(1)  He  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  abont  two  miles  south  of  the  church,  and  the  ruins  of 
his  house  may  yet  be  seen,  near  the  residence  of  Mr.  WilliaTU  K.  Graves  ;  and  just 
back  of  it  is  the  family  burying-ground,  where  his  tomb  can  yet  be  seen.  In  1765, 
as  the  owner  of  the  land  lying  immediately  on  the  west  of  what  was  then  Balti- 
more-town, he  added  to  it  that  part  of  the  present  city  south  of  Saratoga,  between 
Forest  (now  Charles  Street)  and  Liberty,  including  Pratt  and  Conway  Streets  on 
the  south.  January  24.  173S,  he  njarried  Ruth  Eager,  who  had  inherited  laud  lying 
west  and  north  of  Baltimore-town.  She  died  November  17,  1796,  aged  seventy-five 
years,  six  months.  Their  children  were  (leorge,  born  March  12.  1740.  and  died 
September  10,  17^;  Rachel,  May  %  1743,  died  December,  1750;  Joslnia,  September 
29,1765,  died  October  1,3,  1767;  Ruth,  1747,  who  married  Charles  Elder,  Teb- 
ruary  26,  1766;  Rachel,  October  14.  1749:  John  Mager,  June  24,  1752:  Cornelius, 
December  2, 1754  :  James.  July  s,  1757,  died  unmarried,  July  11.  1806;  Violetta,  Sep- 
tember 22,  1759,  who  married  Joseph  West,  Uecemlwr  9,  1784  ;  Philip,  September 
17, 1762,  who  died  .\ugust  14, 1764,  and  Anne.  July  lo,  i765.whodied  December  ,^0.  1770. 


40  ^be  (Barrtsotx  (Iburcb. 

lost,  and  nothing  conld  be  done  by  them  in  any  church 
capacity  but  under  authority  of  civil  enactment, — and 
nothing  was  done.  But  now  that  the  Act  was  passed, 
at  a  meeting  of  parishioners  for  that  purpose,  the 
following  named  gentlemen  were  elected  Vestrj-men  : 
Samuel  Worthington,  Robert  Tevis,  John  Cockey 
Owings,  Charles  Walker,  Dr.  John  Cradock  and  Capt. 
Benjamin  Nicholson.  Charles  Carnan  and  Dr.  Thomas 
Cradock  were  chosen  church  wardens.  Four  of  these 
six  vestrymen  were  residents  and  near  neighbors  in  the 
Western  Run  Valley,  in  which  St.  John's  Church-in- 
the- Valley  now  is.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the 
two  sons  and  the  son-in-law  of  the  first  Rector  were 
among  the  number  elected.  Indeed,  it  is  said,  that  but 
for  them  no  election  would  have  been  made,  and  but 
little  effort  to  save  the  church. 

1780.  On  the  fifteenth  of  March,  1780,  the  Vestry 
empowered  Mr.  Thomas  Gist  to  lay  the  state  of  the 
parish  before  their  brethren  of  St.  Paul's  Parish,  Balti- 
more-town, and  request  their  Christian  aid  and  attention 
by  indulging  them  with  the  services  of  the  minister  a 
certain  part  of  the  time,  for  which  ser^■ice  the  X'estry 
of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  agreed  to  pay  him  in  such  manner 
and  proportion  as  he  the  said  minister  and  Thomas 
Gist  shall  agree  itpon  ;  pro^•ided,  that  it  does  not  exceed 
250  bushels  of  grain  for  one-third  of  his  time,  and  so  in 
proportion.  If  the  grain  offered  were  wheat,  and  sixty 
cents  per  bushel  was  the  highest  price  said  to  be  paid  at 
that  time,  the  offer  would  amount  to  about  $150,  which 


Mtlltam  Mest.  41 

shows  tlie  very  depressed  state  of  the  parish  in  its 
money  matters.  The  proposition  showed  the  reviving 
desire  of  the  Vestry  and  others  to  have  the  church 
opened  for  Divine  service.  But  Mr.  Gi.st  was  unable 
to  go  to  Baltimore  at  that  time,  and  on  the  twenty- 
seventh  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock  was  appointed  to  take 
his  place.  The  application  was  accordinglv  made,  and 
on  the  twentj'-fifth  of  April,  as  the  records  of  St.  Paul's 
Vestr}-  state,  they  granted  leave  to  Mr.  West  to 
attend  St.  Thomas',  as  desired,  every  third  Sundav. 
This  arrangement  continued  two  years. 

The  following  sketch  of  the  Rev.  \\'illiam  West  is 
taken'"  from  Dr.  Allen's  manuscript  historv  of  St. 
Paul's  Parish. 

The  Rev.  William  West  was  born  in  Halifax 
County,  Virginia,  August  17,  1737,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  residence  of  General  Washington,  Mount 
\'emon.  From  this  circumstance  grew  up  an  intimacy 
between  the  General  and  himself,  and  their  families, 
which  ended  only  with  life. 

He  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and 
licensed  bv  him  for  Virginia,  November  24,  1761. 
August  5,  1763,  he  was  incumbent  of  St.  Margaret's 
Westminster  Parish,  in  Anne  Arundel  County.  No- 
vember 17,  1767,  he  became  incumbent  of  St.  Andrew's 
Parish,  St.  Mary's  County. 

April  28,  1768,  he  was  married  by  Rev.  Mr.  Chase 
to    Susan,  daughter   of    Dr.  James    Walker.     In   1772 

1 1)     Through  the  courtesy  of  ^Tr.  William  II.  Comer. 


42  TTbe  ©arrison  Cburcb. 

lie  moved  to  Harford  County,  and  became  incumbent 
of  St.  George's  Parish. 

June  7,  1779,  he  was  chosen  by  the  Vestry  as 
Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Parish,  Baltimore. 

x^pril  3,  1780,  he  was  granted  leave  to  officiate  at 
St.  Thomas'  Church  every  third  Sunday.  He  died 
Wednesday,  March  30,  1791,  of  putrid  fever,  which 
was  epidemic  at  the  time  in  Baltimore.  He  was  shortly 
to  have  married,  for  the  second  time,  Mrs.  Hudson, 
widow  of  Mr.  Jonathan  Hudson.  She  was  made  one  of 
Dr.  West's  executors  in  his  will.  He  left  three  chil- 
dren— George  W^illiam,  Margaret  and  Sybil.  Sybil 
married  Mr.  Francis  Holland  ;  Margaret  married  Col. 
John  Beall  Howard.  He  was  succeeded  as  Rector  of 
St.  Paul's  Parish  by  Rev.  Joseph  Grove  John  Bend. 


Ri:\'.    JOHN    ANDREWS,    D.I). 


CHAPTER  VII. 


JOHN"   AXDKKWS. 


HE  locum  lenens  of  Mr.  West  continued 
two  years,  during  which  time  tlie  Vestry 
made  two  attempts  to  secure  the  services 
of  a  resident  clergyman,  offering  the 
parish  at  one  time  to  the  Rev.  John  Andrews,  then  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  again  in  January,  1782,  to  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Claggett,  who  afterward  became  the  first  Bishop  of 
Maryland  ;  but  these  invitations  were  both  declined. 
But  the  application  to  Mr.  Andrews  was  renewed,  and 
on  the  thirteenth  of  April,  1782,  he  accepted  the  call 
for  one  year.  The  engagement  was  to  give  him  $532, 
in  specie,  for  his  services — one  half  part  of  his  time. 
The  amount  thus  stipulated  showed  the  estimate  which 
was  placed  upon  his  services,  and  also  the  increased 
abilit}'  of  the  parish.  Mr.  West's  occasional  ministrA- 
had  unquestionably  brought  about  a  more  favorable 
condition  of  affairs. 

Tlie  Re\-.  Mr.  Andrews  was  the  son  of  Moses  and 
Lctilia  Andrews,  of  Cecil  County,  Md.  He  was  born 
six  miles  from  tlie  head  of  the  Elk,  April  4,  1746. 
Having    graduated  at    the    college  of    Philadelphia,   in 


44  Ubc  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

1765,  he  became  tutor  in  the  grammar  school  for  a  year, 
and  then  took  charge  of  a  classical  school  in  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  where,  meanwhile,  he  studied  for  the  holy  ministry 
under  the  Rev.  Mr.  Barton.  At  length  repairing  to 
England  he  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  St.  David's, 
at  the  request  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  February  2, 
1767,  and  was  licensed  for  Pennsylvania,  Februarj^  17th. 
On  his  return  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  appoint- 
ment b}-  the  "  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel,"  in  the  church  at  Lewes,  Del.,  and  continued 
there  three  years,  but  the  climate  proving  unfavorable 
he  left  thei^e,  and  subsequently  had  charge  of  the 
churches  in  York  and  Carlisle,  Pa.  There,  in  1772, 
June  25th,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of 
Robert  and  Mary  Callender,  of  Cumberland  County,  in 
that  State."'  On  May  8,  1773,  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Eden  the  incumbent  of  Christ  Church,  Kent 
Island,  Md.,  but  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  the  same  month 
he  was  appointed  and  took  charge  of  St.  John's  Parish, 
Queen  Anne  and  Caroline  Counties,  Md.  The  clergy 
of  Maryland  were  deprived  of  their  livings  in  November, 
1776,  and  in  the  spring  of  1777  he  returned  to  York 
and  established  a  classical  school. 

At  the  same  time  that  he  was  Rector  of  St.  Thomas' 
Parish  he  was  also  Rector  of  St.  James'  Parish,  dividing 
his  time  equally  between  the  two  parishes. 

{ 1 )     His  children  were  Robert,  jolm,  lyCtitia,  Mary,  Joseph,  William  Neill,  George,  Eliza- 
heth.  Callender,  Edward  and  Mary  Benger. 
A    very     interesting    "Genealogy    of    the     Andrews    Family    and    Alliance,    with 
Biographical  Sketches."   has   been  coiLpiled   by   Mr.    Robert    S.   Andrews,   East 
Orange,  N,  J. 


©rgant^atton  of  tbc  Cburcb  in  /IDar?lan5.         45 

During  the  second  \'ear  of  Mr.  Andrews'  Rector- 
ship ( 1783 ),  soon  after  the  conunencement  of  Washington 
College,  at  Chestertown,  in  Ma}-,  the  clergymen  there 
present  agreed  to  invite  their  brethren  in  the  ministry 
to  meet  in  the  following  August,  at  Annapolis.  This 
invitation  was  well  responded  to,  and  at  this  meeting  it 
was  agreed  to  hold  another,  at  which  each  clergyman 
should  be  attended  by  a  lay-delegate  from  his  parish,  on 
the  twentj'-second  of  June,  1784,  in  the  same  city.  This 
convention  was  attended  by  Mr  Andrews  and  Dr.  John 
Cradock,  from  St.  Thomas'  Parish,  and  it  was  at  this 
time  that  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  Maryland, 
which  before  had  been  known  as  the  Church  of  England, 
was  organized  under  constitution  and  canons  of  its  own. 

At  the  following  Christmas  the  Rev.  Dr.  Coke 
(a  Presbyter  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Wesley)  and  Mr.  Asbur}-  met  in  conference 
with  the  other  Methodist  preachers  in  the  United  States, 
at  Baltimore.  Up  to  that  time  these  preachers  held 
themselves  to  be  "  la^'-preachers "  only,  and  never 
baptized  or  administered  the  Communion,  but  required 
members  of  their  classes  in  Marvland  to  repair  for  these 
ordinances  to  "  the  Church,"  as  they  then  called  the 
Epi.scopal  Church,  thej-  themselves  never  having  been 
ordained.  But  now  they  formed  themselves  into  an 
independent  Episcopal  Church.  And  Mr.  Asbury  and 
the  other  preachers  were  ordained  by  Dr.  Coke  and 
some  others.  They  had  also  a  book  prepared  for  the 
Methodists,  bv  Mr.  Weslev,  called  "  The  Sundav'Service 


46  Xlbe  (Barrieon  (IburcFj. 

of  the  Methodists,"  wliich  was  substantially  the  same 
as  the  "  Book  of  Common  Prayer,"  including  in  it  the 
thirt^■-nine  articles  revised. 

Mr.  Andrews  at  this  time  went  down  to  Baltimore- 
town  and,  with  Mr.  West,  the  Rector  of  St.  Paul's, 
undertook  to  efTect  a  union  between  the  two  newly 
organized  bodies.  With  this  view  Dr.  Coke  and  Mr. 
Asburv  were  invited  by  Mr.  West  to  tea.  They  came, 
bringing  with  them  Mr.  Goff.  "  I  took  occasion," 
writes  Mr.  Andrews,  "  to  observe  that  we  had  seen  Mr. 
Wesley's  letter  to  Dr.  Coke  and  Mr.  Asbury,  as  also  a 
book  entitled,  '  The  Sunday  Ser\nce  of  the  Methodists.'  " 
He  then  followed  this  remark  with  statements  respecting 
the  hopes  entertained  of  these  gentlemen,  "  there  being 
no  real  difference "  between  us ;  and  explaining  the 
plan  of  church  government  adopted  at  Annapolis,  asked  : 
"  What  occasion  could  there  be  for  a  separation  from  us 
on  the  score  of  church  government?"  Mr.  Asbury 
said,  "  The  difference  between  us  lay  not  so  much  in 
doctrines  and  forms  of  worship  as  in  experience  and 
practice.''  But  neither  of  them  would  accede  to  the  siig- 
gestions  then  made.  This  w-as  written  on  the  thirty-lirst 
of  December.  A  day  or  two  after  the  above  Mr. 
Andrews  called  on  Dr.  Coke  at  his  lodgings,  so  earnest 
was  he  in  the  matter,  but  found  that  "  the  contempt  and 
aversion,  with  which  the  Methodists  had  always  been 
treated  in  England  and  in  this  country,  was  an  effectual 
bar  in  the  wav  of  his  accomplishing  what  he  had 
desired""  and  thus  ended  his  efforts  with  Dr.  Coke  and 


2>tfferences  Between  tbe  Cburcb  an?  /iDetboMsts.  47 

his  friends.  But  these  relative  differences  between  the 
Churcli  and  the  Methodists  have  since  that  day 
materiall}'  changed. 

According  to  Mr.  Asbury,  the  difference  i)et\veen 
tlieni  lay  not  so  much  in  doctrines  and  forms  of  worship 
as  in  experience  and  practice.  But  \\o\\\  after  seventy 
years  have  passed  awav  I  i  784-1852 1,  it  is  seen  that  the 
difference  lies  not  so  much  in  experience  and  practice  as 
in  forms  of  worship  and  goveniment.  It  will  not  be 
questioned  that  conversions  and  li\-es  of  holiness, — for 
such  it  is  presumed  is  the  "  experience  "  and  "  practice  '" 
referred  to, — are  as  distinctly  visible,  if  not  as  numerous 
as  is  desired,  in  the  Church  as  among  the  Methodists. 
But  as  to  the  forms  of  worship  the  difference  is  entire. 
And  yet,  whv  he  who  would  come  to  the  Father  h\  or 
through  Christ  should  cast  aside  forms  of  prayer, 
invariably  offered  in  His  name, — and  a^l  extempore 
prayer  is  a  form  to  all  interests  and  purpose  to  everv 
silent  worshipper  who  pravs  it ;  why  he  should  cast 
aside  the  repeating  aloud  the  Creed,  in  which  his 
blessed  Lord  is  confessed  before  men,  and  thus  actually 
preached  bv  e\ery  one  so  repeating  it ; — why  he  should 
cast  aside  the  systematic  reading  of  the  Scriptures 
publicly  ;  or  why  he  should  cast  aside  the  Psalms ;  for 
a  worship  subject  to  the  ever-varying  frames  and  ability 
and  sense  of  the  individual  officiating, — all  this  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  percei\e.  And  should  each  go  on  for  seventj- 
years  to  come  in  these  matters,  in  the  line  of  direction 
in  which  each  has  been  tending,  the  difference  will  be 


48  Ube  Oarrison  (Tburcb. 

vastly  in  favor  of  the  Churchman,  according  to  Mr. 
Asbur3''s  own  estimate. 

Mr.  Andrews,  on  his  first  coming  into  the  parish, 
lived  about  two  miles  south-east  of  the  Green  Springs, 
where  Mr.  Stevenson  noM'  lives  (1854),  and  then  at 
Poplar  Hill,  east  of  the  Falls  Road,  now  Govanstown. 
At  each  of  these  places  he  had  a  flourishing  classical 
school  while  in  charge  of  St.  Thomas'.  His  pupils,  the 
number  of  which  varied  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five, 
lived  in  his  own  famih',  and  for  each  he  received  $133 
per  year. 

On  December  7,  1784,  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  and 
Mr.  Charles  Carnan  were  appointed  to  employ  a  builder 
to  repair  the  church.  To  what  extent  repairs  were 
needed  or  were  made  the  records  do  not  state,  but  dur- 
ing the  preceding  twenty  years,  and  especially  during 
the  Revolutionary'  War,  the  church  had  become  much 
dilapidated.  It  is  still  remembered  that  the  Avindows 
were  so  broken  that  the  committee  had  to  put  new 
ones  in  their  places,  and  not  being  able  to  replace  the 
diamond  glass  in  the  lower  to  correspond  with  that  of 
the  upper  sash,  square  lights  were  substituted  as  they 
are  now  seen.  It  seems,  however,  exceedingly  desirable 
to  restore  the  lower  part  of  the  windows  to  correspond 
with  the  upper  both  in  order  to  take  away  the  present 
unseemliness  and  continue  the  original  appearance  as 
far  as  possible. 

At  the  end  of  his  third  year  in  the  parish,  in  April, 
1785,  Mr.  Andrews  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  took 


IProvost.  "Glniversits  ot  iPennsglvauta.         49 

charge  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Acadeiin-  then  just 
established  and,  subsequently,  (1787)  he  became  Profes- 
sor of  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres  in  the  College  and 
Acadeni}-  of  Philadelphia,  and  Rector  of  St.  James', 
Bristol.  In  1792  he  became  the  Vice-Provost  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  previous  to  which  time  he 
had  received  the  degree  of  Doctorof  Divinitv.  In  1810 
he  became  the  Pro\ost  of  that  Universit\-  and  so  contin- 
ued till  his  deatli  which  took  place  October  29,  1813,  in 
the  sixty-eighth  vear  of  his  age.  He  was  buried  in 
Christ  Church  Cemetery,  Philadelphia. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Thoinias  Fitch  Oi.U'Kr. 


HERE  WAS  no  Rector  from  April  lo, 
1785,  to  June  3,  1793,  a  period  of  eight 
years  and  two  months ;  and  the  Parish 
Records  show  only  an  annual  election  of 
the  Vestr}-.  Occasional  services  were  held  through  the 
interest  of  the  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dr.  West, 
who,  himself,  sometimes  officiated,  and  who  at  other  times 
provided  a  lay-reader,  Mr.  Edward  Langworthy.  Mr. 
Langworthy  afterward  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Georgia,  but  again  returned  to  Baltimore  and  became 
Deputy  Naval  Officer  in  that  city,  where  he  died,  Novem- 
ber 2,  1803,  aet.  63.  Dr.  West  died  in  1790,  but  his 
successor,  Mr.  Bend,  to(jk  a  warm  interest  in  St.  Thomas' 
Church,  and  occasionally  officiated.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Coleman,  the  Rector  of  St.  James',  also  extended  his 
services  to  the  parish. 

On  April  10,  1792,  after  service  held  by  Mr.  Bend, 
there  was  a  congregational  meeting,  and  the  pews  were 
resigned  to  the  Vestry.  In  addition  to  the  resolution 
resigning  the  pews,  another  resolution  was  passed 
requesting  the  Vestry  at   its    next  meeting  to    fix  the 


THOMAS  rrrcH  oi.ivek 

Fiom  nil  Old  P.Ml.ail. 


^be  pews  1Re=rente^.  51 

price  of  the  pews.  On  the  following  Easter  Monday, 
May  9th,  the  Vestry  met  and  called  a  parish  meeting 
for  the  next  da}-.  The  meeting  was  held,  and  the  reso- 
lutions of  April  loth  were  reaffirmed  and  ordered  to  be 
entered  on  the  records. 

On  May  30th,  Maj.  or  James  Howard  was  appointed 
Registrar,  the  fii'st  since  the  downfall  of  the  establish- 
ment in  1776.  He  was  also  appointed  delegate  to  the 
convention.  The  Vestrj-  numbered  the  pews,  and  fixed 
the  rent  on  them  at  ^145,  or  $386.60. 

The  parish  continued  vacant  during  the  year.  No 
clergyman  coiild  be  obtained  to  take  charge  of  it. 

On  Easter  Monday,  April,  1793,  a  letter  was  laid 
before  the  Vestr}-  from  Rev.  George  Ralph'"  making 
application  for  the  parish.  The  Vestry  of  St.  Thomas' 
replied  that  he  "  would  not  answer  as  a  clergyman  for 
that  parish."  The  vacancy  had  now  continued  more 
than  eight  \ears. 

On  the  twenty-seventh  of  Maj-,  1793,  Mr.  Oliver 
brought  to  Rev.  Mr.  Bend  a  letter  from  Dr.  Benjamin 
Moore  of  New  York,  subsequently  Bishop  of  that  State, 
in  the  following  words  : 

My  Dear  Sir :  This  will  be  delivered  you  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Oliver  whom  I  would  beg  leave  to  recommend 
to  your  fraternal  attention  as  a  sensible  and  worthy 
clergj-man,  of  which  character  I  know  you  entertain 
just^  that  is,  very  exalted,  ideas.  With  much  esteem,  1 
am  ever  your  affectionate  friend  and  brother — B.  Moore. 

(II     For  sketch  III'  liis  life  sfc     IMrt   111. 


52  Ube  (Barrtson  Cburcb. 

This  letter  is  still  among  the  papers  fiirnished 
from  St.  Thomas'  Vestry  and  shows  that  Mr.  Oliver 
was  introduced  into  the  parish  by  Mr.  Bend,  and  also 
the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  ])v  his  respected 
brethren  of  the  ministry. 

He  came  here  from  Marbleliead,  Massachusetts,  in 
which  place  he  had  been  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church. 
Mr.  Oliver  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  Andrew 
Oliver,  Jr.,  of  Salem,  and  grandson  of  the  Hon. 
Andrew  Oliver,  one  of  the  last  Lientenant-Govemors 
of  Massachusetts  under  the  Crown.  He  was  born  in 
Boston,  1758,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1775. 
After  this  he  studied  law,  but  not  liking  the  profession, 
he  became  lay  reader  in  the  church  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  1778  or  1779,  and  continued  there  till  his 
ordination  by  Bishop  Seabury  of  Connecticut,  August 
7,  1785,  when  he  received  Deacon's  orders.  From 
Providence  he  went  to  Marbleliead,  September  3,  1786, 
and  from  there  came  here.'"  He  appears  from  the 
records  of  the  Vestry  to  have  come  to  the  parish  on  the 
second  of  June,  1793,  and  to  have  officiated  in  St. 
Thomas'  that  da}-.  He  was  encouraged  to  stay  with 
the  expectation  of  $400  per  annum  and  a  house.  On 
the  seventeenth  of  June  the  Vestry  met  and  resolved  to 
open  a  subscription  for  building  a  parsonage.     This  was 

(l)  While  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Marblehead,  he  introduced  chanting,  beginning  on 
Christmas  Day.  1787.  He  writes  to  his  father,  the  Hon.  Andrew  Oliver,  under  date 
of  February  ir,  178,^;  "Will  it  give  you  any  pleasure  to  learn  that  our  quire  at 
St.  Michael's  do  constantly  chant  the  Venite,  the  Te  Denra,  and  in  the  afternoon 
the  Cantate  and  the  Nunc  Dimittis  to  just  acceptation.  I  believe  mine  is  almost 
the  only  church  on  the  continent  in  which  this  is  done."  (For  whole  account  see 
Dr.  .Andrew  Oliver's  letter  in  .\ppendix.) 


"©l&  jfranF?." 


53 


done,  and  on  a  paper  wliich  still  remains,  is  fonnd  snb- 
scribed  the  following  donations  : 

Samuel  Owings,  four  acres  of  land  to  build  the 
parsonage  on.  (The  agreement  dated  August  14, 
1793,  signed  bv  Samuel  Owings  and  witnessed  by 
William  Owings,  "  in  consideration  of  five  shillings 
current  money  "  makes  over  to  the  Vestry  "  four  acres 
of  land  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  parsonage  house 
upon  ;  the  same  land  to  be  laid  off  near  where  old  Frank 
now  li\-es." 


"Where  Old  Pbaxk   Lives."  (1793.) 

"  Old  Frank,"  it  appears  from  the  records,  was 
the  sexton  of  the  church,  and  probably  a  slave 
of  Samuel  Owings.)  James  Howard  ;^I2,  Thomas 
Cradock  ;^io,  Charles  Walker  ;^5,  Thomas  Harvev  /  4, 
Joseph  Jones  ^3,  William  Stac}'  ^^,  John  Bond  ^3, 
John  Cockey  of  Thos.  ^3  ;  Thomas  B.  Dorsev  ^3, 
and   other    snuill    sums,    in     all     about     $125.       With 


54  XEbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

this  subscription  the  parsonage  was  at  once  begun. 
On  the  ninth  of  August,  it  is  recorded  that  at  the 
last  vestry  da}-  Mr.  Oliver  proposed  ^o  the  Vestry  to 
engage  with  them  as  the  Rector  of  the  parish  at 
the  rate  of  $400  per  annum  and  a  house.  His  salary 
to  begin  on  the  third  of  June  then  passed.  But  not- 
withstanding what  had  been  before  held  out  to  him, 
the  Vestry  now  declined  it.  The^^  offered,  however, 
to  pay  him  $266  per  annum,  and  as  much  more  as 
the  pews  would  rent  for,  but  stated  that  a  house  could 
not  be  read}'  before  the  next  June.  He  had  been 
officiating  more  than  two  months  under  the  encour- 
agement as  first  given  him  and  now  the  slender 
offer  was  reduced  one-third.  (It  is  to  the  credit  of 
Dr.  Cradock  that  he  alone  voted  to  pay  Mr.  Oliver  the 
full  amount  which  had  been  originally  offered. )  With 
a  family  dependent  upon  him,  his  means  exhausted  by 
the  distance  of  his  removal,  and  now  his  expectations 
disappointed,  no  wonder  he  was  discouraged ;  but  he 
was  not  able  to  get  away  and  he  acceded  to  their  offer, 
and  then  at  their  next  meeting,  September  2nd,  as  the 
record  is,  Mr.  Oliver  was  unanimously  elected  Rector 
of  St.  Thomas'  Parish,  the  Vestry  agreeing  to  provide 
a  house  earl}-  in  the  spring.  There  was  certainly  a  sad 
falling  off  in  the  willingness  or  ability  of  the  parish  to 
support  the  ministry  of  the  church.  When  Dr.  Andrews 
first  took  charge  he  was  pledged  $500  for  one-half  his 
time — now  there  could  be  pledged  to  Mr.  Oliver  onl}- 
$266  for  his  entire  services.      But   perhaps   it   was   felt 


Ube  Burgtng  ©routiC)  of  tbc  Croialls.  55 

to  be  a  sufficient  apolog■^•  that  thev  were  buildinj^  a 
parsonage. 

The  ministerial  records  show  Mr.  Oliver  to  have 
been  an  acti\e  and  industrious  minister.  Little,  how- 
ever, of  the  Vestry's  doings  during  his  rectorship  are 
recorded.  The  records  show  that  they  were  annually 
elected,  and  from  time  to  time  met  together,  and  that 
is  all. 

A   letter   still    on     file    under    date    of    February 

25,  1795,  addressed  bv  Mr.  Oliver  to  the  Register, 
shows  that  he  supported  himself  and  famih*  mainly  by 
a  school  in  which  gentlemen's  sons  were  instructed,  and 
were  boarded  in  his  own  family.  Mr.  01i\er  continued 
in   his  parish  till  his   death   which   took  place  January 

26,  1797.  He  was  buried  at  his  own  request  in  the 
private  famih-  burA-ing  ground  of  the  Croxalls,  where 
Mr.  Thomas  Beale  Cocke_y  now  lives  (1852),  two  miles 
south-east  of  the  Green  Spring.  No  marble,  howe\er, 
points  out  the  spot  where  he  was  laid.  Does  this  tell 
well  of  the  parish  ? 

He  left  behind  him,  it  is  stated,  a  widow,'"  five 
.sons,  and  three  daughters.  Of  the  youngest  there  is 
the  following  memorandum  in  the  book  of  ministerial 
records :  "  Elizabeth  Digby  Belcher,  daughter  of 
Thomas   F.    Oliver,   and   Sarah    his   wife  born   May   2, 

(I)  His  wife  was  Sarah  Pynchoii,  ilaughur  of  I  lie  Hon.  William  Pyuchoii,  of  Saltni. 
Hischildrcii  were  Thomas  Fitch,  (married  Margaret  Brown,  removed  to  l.ouisiana. 
no  known  descendants;!  Mar>'  Lynde  Fitch,  (married  Judge  Joseph  Stor\',  no 
children;)  William  Pynchon.  Idled  unmarried;)  Andrew,  (died  unmarried:! 
Daniel,  (man  led  Marj'  R.  Pulling;)  llenjamin  Lynde.  (married  Frances  Rriggs. 
no  children;)  Sarah  Pynchon,  (died  unmarried;!  Elizabeth  Dighy  Belclier. 
(married  Jonathan  Freeman,  no  children.) 


56 


Ube  (Barrtson  Cburcb. 


1795,  and  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bend,  June  27, 
1795."  His  widow  and  orphans  returned  to  New  Eng- 
land. One  of  his  daughters  married  the  late  Judge 
Story  of  Massachusetts,  eminent  in  his  profession  and 
one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States. 


/»?■ 


CHAPTER  IX. 


JOHX    COLKMAX. 


[HERE  IS  no  record  of  any  vestrv  meet- 
ing, or  of  an}-  election  of  a  Vestry,  from 
Jnne,  1796,  to  March,  1799.  October 
7,  1798,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bend,  Rector  of 
St.  Paul's  Parish,  wrote  to  Mr.  James  Howard  urging 
the  Vestry  to  elect  to  their  parish  the  Rev.  John 
Coleman  of  St.  James.  He  said  that  Mr.  Coleman  had 
then  an  opportunity  of  renting  his  farm  in  Harford 
Count\-  where  he  resided,  and  might  be  induced  to 
come  to  St.  Thomas'  provided  the  vestr}-  would  pur- 
chase a  glebe.  Mr.  Bend  took  great  interest  in  the 
parish,  and  was  be^'ond  question  instrumental  in  keeping 
it  from  going  entirely  down.  He  had  a  few  daN'S 
before  submitted  a  plan  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  parish, 
by  which  the\-  might  accomplish  the  purchase  which  he 
so  much  desired.  It  was  a  long,  clear  headed,  business- 
like communication. 

1799.  Thk  Rev.  JoHX  Coleman.  7th  Rector. — 
The  parish  had  now  been  vacant  eighteen  months. 
But  urged,  as  we  have  seen,  on  Easter  Monday,  March 
25,  1799,  a  Vestrj-  was  elected  under  the  new  Vestrj- 


58  Ubc  ©arrison  Cburcb; 

Act  of  the  General  Assembly  at  its  last  session,  and  at 
their  meeting,  on  the  eighth  of  April,  the  Rev.  John 
Coleman  was  elected  Rector.  They  voted  him  $400 
per  anniim  from  the  rent  of  the  pews  and  the  overplus, 
if  any,  of  such  rent,  with  the  use  of  the  parsonage  and 
property ;  to  commence  on  the  twenty-eight  day  of 
April.     The  Rev.  Mr.  Coleman  accepted. 

Mr.  Coleman  was  a  native  of  Bath  Parish,  Dinwid- 
dle County,  Va.,  and  was  born  in  1 758.  He  was  educated 
by  the  celebrated  Deveraux  Jarratt,  the  Rector  of  that 
parish.  Under  Mr.  Jarratt's  direction  and  instructions 
he  prepared  for  the  ministry,  but  the  war  of  the  Re^•olu- 
tion  prevented  his  repairing  to  England  for  orders,  as 
all  candidates  were  then  compelled  to  do  or  remain 
without  them.  In  his  preface  to  the  life  of  Mr.  Jarratt, 
written  b}'  himself,  Mr.  Coleman  says :  "I  lived  with 
him  several  years  under  his  tuition,  and  when  the 
Governor  of  Virginia  left  the  seat  of  government  and 
called  the  loyalists  (tories)  to  join  him,  mau\-  of  Mr. 
Jarratt's  parishioners,  and  even  his  pupils,  turned  out  as 
\olunteers  in  defence  of  their  country.  I  remember  the 
circumstances  well,  being  myself  out  in  1776."  His 
first  public  service  thus  at  eighteen  years  of  age  was 
that  of  a  soldier  in  securing  his  countr3''s  independence. 
He  was  a  Whig  of  '76.  In  the  fall  of  1780  he  came 
with  Mr.  Asbury,  who  had  been  on  a  visit  at  Mr.  Jarratt's, 
to  Delaware,  "  either  to  take  charge  of  Dover  School  or 
to  preach." — (Mr.  A.sbury's  Journal,  volume  i,  page 
319).       Instead    of    teaching    he    was    earnest    to    be 


Xeaves  tbe  /IDetbo&lsts.  59 

engaged  in  tlie  work  he  had  chosen,  and  it  appears  tliat 
for  a  while  he  traveled  with  Mr.  Asbiiry.  The  Metho- 
dists had  not  then  separated  from  the  CInirch.and  unable 
while  the  war  lasted  to  obtain  orders,  with  Mr.  Jarratt's 
advice  he  continued  to  travel  and  preach  in  connection 
with  the  Methodists,  and  in  1781,  he  was  received  as  a 
preacher  among  them  and  stationed  in  Kent  County, 
Marvland.  In  1782  he  was  .stationed  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  1783  in  Baltimore.  In  1784  he  is  mentioned  on 
the  minutes  of  the  Methodist  Conference  of  that  year 
as  having  "  desisted  from  traveling." 

In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Coleman  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jarratt, 
Jul}-  22,  1784,  dated  from  Baltimore  County,  he  men- 
tions "  that  the  clergy  of  Maryland  had  lately  held  a 
meeting  at  Annapolis,  [June  22nd]  and  formed  an 
ecclesiastical  constitution,"  and  adds  "it  is  probable  I 
may  spend  my  days  in  Maryland,  (there  is  a  prospect 
of  a  vacancy  in  a  parish  here)  if  there  should  be  any 
way  of  ordination.  Religion,  I  fear,  is  at  a  stand  here." 
He  concludes  by  saving,  and  it  is  quoted  as  showing 
what  the  mail  arrangements  then  were,  "  if  you  should 
write  to  me  and  have  an  opportunity  of  sending  it  to 
Richmond  the  stage  goes  from  there  twice  a  week  to 
this  town  "    [Baltimore.] 

At  the  Methodist  Conference  in  Baltimore,  at 
Christmas,  in  1784,  by  Mr.  Asbury's  invitation,  Mr. 
Coleman  was  present.  But  when  the  vote  was  taken 
and  announced  declaring  the  Methodists  an  independent 
Episcopal     Church,   Mr.   Coleman    and  his  friend    Mr. 


60  Xlbe  ©arrison  CFjurcb. 

(subsequently  Reverend)  William  Duke,  who  had  also 
been  a  preacher  among  them,  took  up  their  hats  and 
left. 

About  this  time,  1785,  Mr.  Coleman  married  Miss 
Pleasant  Goodwin,  whose  mother  was  sister  to  Capt. 
Charles  Ridgely  of  Hampton,  and  settled  in  Harford 
County.  As  soon  as  Dr.  Seabury  of  Connecticut  had 
been  consecrated  Bishop  of  that  Diocese,  in  November, 
1784,  Mr.  Coleman  designed  to  have  applied  to  him  for 
orders.  With  this  view  he  received  from  Mr.  Jarratt, 
addressed  to  Bishop  Seabury,  the  following  testimonial, 
which  is  copied  from  the  original  :  "  From  a  long 
and  intimate  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Colen:an,  I  am 
able  to  recommend  him  to  you  as  a  person  of  unblem- 
ished morals,  and  whose  reputation  for  piety,  integrity 
and  uprightness  is  well  established  in  this  part  of  the 
country  where  he  was  bom  and  brought  up.  Indeed,  I 
can  speak  of  him  with  a  greater  degree  of  confidence 
than  of  any  other  man  because  he  lived  in  my  family 
several  j-ears  and  was  under  my  tuition.  I  can,  with 
the  greatest  sincerity,  declare  that  I  never  saw  any- 
thing, or  heard  anything  of  him,  unworthy  of  the  gospel 
of  Christ.  But  on  the  other  hand,  piety  and  zeal  for 
God  and  a  concern  to  promote  the  best  interests 
of  mankind  have  uniformly  marked  and  distinguished 
his  character.  Deveraux  Jarratt,  Bath  County,  Va., 
1786." 

The  delay,  however,  of  getting  ready,  and  Dr. 
White  meanwhile  (February,    1787)   being   consecrated 


TLbc  IRectotv  ]Enlart^e^.  Gl 

Bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  led  Mr.  Coleman  to  appl\- 
to  Bishop  White  for  orders.  From  him,  therefore, 
he  received  Deacon's  orders  Jnly  i,  1787,  and  it  is 
believed  that  this  was  Bishop  White's  second  ordination. 
On  the  twenty-third  of  September  following  he  received 
Priest's  orders  from  the  same. 

Immediately  upon  his  being  ordained  he  took  charge 
of  vSt.  James'  Parish  in  Baltimore  and  Harford  Counties, 
and  the  next  year  the  Rev.  Mr.  Heath  having  left  St. 
John's  Parish,  which  was  also  in  the  same  counties,  he 
united  that  also  under  his  pastoral  care.  In  1792  he 
was  placed  by  the  convention  on  the  standing  com- 
mittee and  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conven- 
tion. As  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  he  was 
commissioned  by  Bishop  Claggett  the  visitor  of  the 
district  embracing  the  churches  of  Harford  County  as 
well  as  those  under  his  own  pastoral  care.  In  1795  ^^^ 
was  appointed  to  preach  the  convention  sermon  of  that 
\-ear.  He  was  now  thirty-seven  years  of  age.  He  was 
residing  on  his  own  farm  in  St.  John's  Parish,  which 
was  about  two  miles  north-west  of  what  is  now  Fallston, 
in  Harford  County.  There  he  continued  until  April 
28,  1799,  when  as  already  stated  he  came  into  the 
charge  of  this  parish. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestrv,  on  the  third  of  Sept- 
ember, 1799,  it  was  determined  to  make  an  addition 
to  the  parsonage — putting  up  a  room  to  connect  the 
main  building  with  the  kitchen.  To  accomplish  this 
Samuel  Owings  and  Cliarlcs  Walker  agi'eed  to  haul  the 


62  TIbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

stone  ;  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  to  pay  the  mason  ;  Samuel 
Owings,  Jr.,  to  find  the  shingles  ;  John  Bond  and  Joseph 
Jones  to  find  nails;  Nathan  Chapman,  the  plasterers; 
and  Mr.  Hunt,  the  doors  and  windows.  The  addition 
was  accordingly  made.  It  was  stated  also  at  the 
meeting  that  Mr.  Samuel  Owings,  Sr.,  had  offered  the 
Vestry  about  thirty  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  parson- 
age at  $20  per  acre,  which  would  be  of  great  advantage 
to  the  said  parsonage.  It  was  resolved  to  open  a  sub- 
scription for  purchasing  the  land.  This  was  done 
and  the  land  purchased.  Thus,  a  minister  was  called 
with  one-third  more  salary  than  the  former  Rector 
received,  an  addition  made  to  the  parsonage,  and  a 
glebe  purchased.  This  was  progress,  and  so  far  all 
seemed  to  promise  well. 

On  the  third  of  November,  1800,  it  was  resolved 
that  the  pulpit  be  moved  to  the  east  end  of  the  church 
and  three  single  pews  be  made,  [probably  in  the  place 
where  the  pulpit  and  reading  desk  before  stood],  and 
that  a  collection  be  taken  up  to  defray  the  expenses. 
At  this  time  the  pulpit  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the 
church,  directly  in  front  of  the  church  door,  and,  before 
it,  the  reading  desk.  This  was  their  usual  position  in 
the  churches  in  that  da^■,  so  that  the  majority  of  the 
hearers  was  on  each  side  of  the  minister.  The  arrange- 
ment was  calculated  rather  for  worship  than  for 
preaching ;  biit  a  change  was  now  coming  over  the 
churches.  The  influence  of  the  Methodist  movement 
was  making  itself  felt  \ery  widely  oiitside  of  their  own 


xrbe  pulpit  /IDovc^.  fi3 

class,  and  preaching — wliicli  was  felt  to  be  an  equalh- 
prominent  part  of  the  Apostolic  Commission  with  any- 
thing else,  if  not  the  superior  part — was  now  to  be 
made  more  prominent,  and  the  hearers  to  be  brought  in 
front  of  the  preacher.  Accordingly,  as  directed,  the 
pnlpit  was  removed  to  the  east  end  of  the  church  and 
placed  in  the  circular  projection  within  the  chancel,  and 
pews  placed  where  the  pulpit  had  before  stood,  thus 
giving  room  for  the  seating  of  some  twenty  worshippers, 
and  additional  income  from  the  pews. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry,  August  3,  1801,  a  clerk 
was  appointed  with  a  salar}-  of  $16  per  annum.  It  was 
then  common  to  have  a  clerk  to  make  the  responses  in 
the  ser\'ice.  This  led  to  a  great  neglect  of  the  congre- 
gation in  taking  part  in  the  worship, — as  if  God  could  be 
worshipped  by  proxy. 

1803.  During  this  vear  died  Mr.  Samuel  Owings, 
Jr.  He  was  often  a  member  of  the  Vestr}'.  He  gave, 
as  we  ha\e  seen,  the  land  on  which  the  parsonage 
stands.  He  Mas  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Ih'ath  Owings, 
born  1773.  He  lived  at  Owings'  Mills,  and  was  the 
owner  of  large  tracts  of  land  in  the  neighborhood.  He 
married  Deborah  Lynch,  October  6,  1765." 

There  is  not  much  during  Mr.  Coleman's  charge  of 
the  parish  on  the  Vestry's  records  worthy  of  any  par- 
ticular notice.  Things  seemed  to  have  held  "the  even 
tenor  of  their  way." 

December  11,  1803,  the  Vestry  ordered  a  census  of 


-  list  of  his  children  and  their  marriages,  see  Samuel  Owings.    Part  III. 


64  TLbc  (Barrtson  Cburcfj. 

the  Protestant  Episcopal  inhabitants  according  to  the 
Canon.  The  Canon  did  not  precisely  require  this,  bnt 
the  15th  Canon  of  the  General  Convention,  as  published 
by  the  Convention  of  Maryland,  1793,  did  require 
that  every  minister  shall  make  out  and  continue 
a  list  of  all  adult  persons  within  his  cure ;  and  to 
this  the  4th  Canon  of  Maryland  responded  and  required 
the  list  to  be  returned  to  the  Convention,  as  well  as  the 
baptisms,  marriages,  etc. 

In  Mav,  1S04,  Mr.  Coleman  returned  to  his  farm 
in  Harford  County,  and  gave  one-half  of  his  services  to 
St.  James'  Parish  ;  and  in  a  letter  to  the  Vestry  he 
writes,  "  I  regret  much  that  the  congregation  should 
pay  such  little  attention  as  to  render  it  doubtful 
whether  they  will  not  let  the  church  fall  in  this 
parish." 

He  continued  to  give  the  parish  one-half  his  time, 
though  living  more  than  twenty  miles  distant,  until 
December,  when  he  gave  it  up. 

March  14,  1808,  Mr.  Coleman  again  writes  to  the 
Vestr}-,  saying,  "I  continued  to  officiate  from  April, 
1799,  to  December,  1804.  I  proposed  resigning  more 
than  once,  informing  the  Vestr}'  I  did  not  wish  to  be 
a  burden  to  them,  or  any  other  Vestry,  and  they 
expressed  a  wish  for  me  to  have  patience  and  continue, 
hoping  that  things  would  get  better.  In  May  I  re- 
moved to  ni}'  farm  in  Harford,  but  still  continued  to 
officiate,  as  I  had  not  given  o\-er  the  tlunight  of  return- 
ing, had  there  been   an  amendment  in   the  attention   of 


/IDr.  Coleman's  flDintstry.  65 

the  Vestrj-  and  congregations.  It  was  in  April  that  I 
began  to  divide  niv  time  between  St.  Thomas'  and  St. 
James'."  These  letters  to  the  Vestry  were  called  forth 
from  him  by  the  fact  that  after  four  years  they  had 
made  no  settlement  witli  him,  and  owed  him  $500. 

Mr.  Coleman  continued  Rector  of  St.  James'  Parish 
until  his  death,  January  21,  1816,  at  the  age  of  58  years. 
He  was  held  in  high  estimation  by  the  Church,  and 
was  often  called  to  its  councils  and  to  attend  to  its 
general  interests.  From  1789  to  18 13,  when  his  health 
began  to  fail,  he  was  a  member  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee seyenteen  times.  During  Bishop  Claggett's 
Episcopate  the  standing  committee  assisted  the  Bishop 
in  visiting  the  Diocese  ;  and  the  counties  of  Cecil,  Har- 
f(jrd  and  part  of  Baltimore  were  assigned  to  Mr.  Cole- 
man. In  1795  he  preached  the  convention  sermon. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Convention  five  times. 
In  1806  Christ  Church,  near  Bel  Air,  was  built  under  his 
ministry.  At  the  time  of  the  election  of  a  Suffragan 
Bishop  for  the  Diocese,  1S14,  he  was  spoken  of  as  a 
candidate,  but  his  declining  health  preven  tedhis  nomi- 
nation and  he  gave  his  vote  for  Dr.  Kemp.  It  was  the 
last  public  act  of  his  life. 

Whatever  was  the  cau.se  tliat  tlie  Church  in  St. 
Thomas'  Parish  did  not  .seem  to  pro.sper  under  his 
ministry,  it  could  not  be  laid  to  any  want  of  industry, 
faithfulness,  or  evangelical  views  of  doctrine  in  Mr. 
Coleman.  He  left  a  widow  and  one  daughter.  He  had 
been  peculiarly  afflicted  in  the  early  death  of  five  sons. 


66 


Ube  (Barrtson  CEburcb. 


His  daughter's  name  was  Rebecca  Ridgely.  She  was 
born  August,  1787,  and  married  John  Yellott,  Esq. 
She  died  February  ir,  1853,  leaving  behind  her  five 
sons  and  two  daughters. 


CHAPTER  X. 

JoHx  Armstroxc. 

'CTOBER  I,  1805,  Rev.  Jolin  Armstrong- 
was  elected  Rector.  Mr.  Armstrong  was 
a  native  of  England  and  is  said  to  liavc 
been  a  preacher  there  in  connection  with 
the  Methodists.  After  his  arrival  in  this  countrv  he 
was  ordained  by  Bishop  White  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
took  charge  of  a  parish  in  that  Diocese.  He  first 
appears  in  Marvland  in  1S04  as  the  Rector  of  St  Paul's 
Parish,  Kent  Connty.  When  called  to  St.  Thomas' 
nothing  appears  to  have  been  said  about  his  salarv. 
He  had  some  little  time  previously  married  Ann  Yellott 
of  Harford  Countv,  with  a  considerable  fortune.  His 
ministry  was  acceptable  and  successful. 

The  Vestry  at  this  time  .set  aside  the  pew  svstem 
and  the  Rector's  salar\-  was  raised  bv  subscription, 
though  the  amount  thus  raised  is  nf)t  stated.  Mr. 
Armstrong  purchased  a  farm  adjoining  the  church  on 
the  southeast,  and  at  the  ffiot  of  the  liill  built  a  small 
two-story  frame  house. 

June  II,  1806,  died  James  Howard,  E.sq.,  aged  49. 
He   was  the    fifth    sou   of    Mr.  Cornelius    Howard    and 


68  Ubc  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

younger  brother  of  Gen.  John  Eager  Howard.  He  be- 
came a  vestryman  in  1784,  and  was  ever  after  either 
vestryman  or  Register  and  Treasurer.  He  was  often  a 
delegate  to  the  State  Convention,  and  in  1792  a  delegate 
to  the  General  Convention.      He  died  a  bachelor. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  on  the  twenty-ninth  of 
September,  1806,  it  was  agreed  that  "  the  chapel  near 
Welsh's,"  now  Holy  Trinity  Parish  Church,  "  may  be 
opened  and  used  by  the  clergy  of  the  Baptist  denom- 
ination, provided  they  are  men  of  good  and  upright 
character,  and  also  provided  their  times  of  service  do 
not  interfere  with  the  appointments  of  the  Rector  of  this 
parish." 

It  was  at  this  time  that  a  scheme  of  lottery  was 
agreed  on  and  a  petition  made  to  the  General  Assemble- 
to  obtain  an  act  authorizing  it.  The  petition  showed 
that  the  parish  was  in  debt  for  the  building  of  the 
parsonage  and  for  the  purchase  of  the  glebe,  and  that 
repairs  of  the  church  were  needed.  The  act  was  granted 
and  the  managers  appointed  by  the  Vestry  were  Dr. 
John  Cromwell,  Samuel  Owings,  Brian  Philpot,  Dr.  T. 
C.  Walker,  Moses  Brown,  Kensey  Johns,  John  T. 
Worthington  and  Robert  N.  Moale.  The  lottery  was 
drawn  and  we  hear  nothing  thereafter  of  the  debt  of  the 
church. 

It  was  not  till  January  11,  1808,  fifteen  months 
after  the  ordering  of  the  lottery,  that  the  Vestry  found 
themselves  in  possession  of  funds  for  the  repairs  of  the 
church,   and  at  that   time    new  window-shutters,   doors 


IResignation  of  /IDr.  armstromj.  69 

and  door-frames  were  ordered.  Tlie  cliapel  was  also  at 
this  time  much  improved  by  being  roughcast. 

Oil  the  twellt^-fOllrt]^  of  October  it  was  ordered 
that  tlie  cliimncy  [fire-place]  of  the  vestrv-rooni  be  filled 
up.  This  fact  is  noticed  as  indicating  the  time  when 
stoves  began  to  be  introduced  into  churches.  In  many 
places  of  worship  the\-  were  not  introduced  for  }-ears 
after  this. 

On  the  fourth  of  December  there  is  this  record  : 
"  The  Vestrv  after  taking  into  consideration  Mr. 
Armstrong's  address  to  the  congregation  on  Sunday 
the  twent\'-sixtli  of  November,  Resolved^  Tliat  the  Re\-. 
John  Armstrong,  Rector  of  this  parish  be  requested  to 
send  in  his  resignation  formalh-  addressed  to  the 
Vestrv."  Present — Dr.  Cradock,  Samuel  Owings,  John 
Bond,  Robert  N.  Mole  and  P.  Hunt.  Absent — Charles 
Walker,  Brian  Philpot  and  Moses  Brown.  But  the 
resolution  did  not  pass  without  opposition  or  dis.satis- 
faction,  for  Mr.  Hunt  immediatelv  resigned.  Whatever 
the  difificultv  might  have  been  which  caused  this 
measure,  on  its  being  communicated  to  Mr.  Armstrong 
he  thought  fit  to  complv,  and  the  parish  again  became 
vacant. 

But  although  Mr.  Armstrong  thus  resigned  the 
])arish  as  requested,  it  was  not  till  more  than  a  year 
afterward  that  he  removed.  For  on  the  tenth  of  March, 
1810,  the  Vestry  recommended  Mr.  Armstrong  to  the 
Bishop's  "  kind  and  fostering  hand,"  adding  "  we  do 
with  marks  of  esteem  and  regret  part  with  liim   as  our 


70  Xlbe  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

Rector.  But  he  finding  it  was  more  agreeable  to  him- 
self and  family  to  leave  the  parish,  yon,  sir,  will  please 
to  give  him  snch  recommendations  to  any  other  diocese 
as  becometh  the  character  of  a  clergyman,  christian  and 
friend  as  we  have  experienced  dnring  the  term  of  fonr 
years  and  a  half  in  the  parish." 

This  letter  was  signed  by  Thomas  Cradock,  Charles 
Walker,  Samnel  Owings,  Robert  N.  Moale,  Phineas 
Hnnt,  Brian  Philpot  and  John  Bond.  The  offence 
thus  on  which  the  Vestry  acted  when  they  reqnested 
his  resignation  was  not  so  serions  but  at  the  end  of 
fifteen  months  the  above  letter  was  written.  Tlie  reason 
of  its  being  written  was — that  Mr.  .'\rmstrong  was  about 
to  remove  to  York,  Penna.  In  order  to  be  receiA-ed 
into  that  diocese,  it  was  requisite  according  to  tlie 
canons  that  he  should  present  a  letter,  testifying  to  his 
good  standing  in  the  church,  to  the  Bishop  of  Pennsyl- 
vania from  the  Bishop  of  Maryland.  In  order  to  do 
this  it  was  necessary  that  the  \'estry  of  the  parish 
should  certify  to  the  Bishop  of  Maryland  that  their 
late  rector  had  "  not  been  justly  liable  to  evil  report 
for  error  in  religion  or  viciousness  of  life  during  three 
years  last  past."  But  this  was  not  embraced  in  the 
Vestry's  letter,  whether  by  negligence,  nnacquaintance 
with  the  canons,  or  design  is  not  known. 

The  Bishop  on  the  third  of  May,  1810,  thus  replies, 
"  before  giving  the  testimonial,  I  considered  it  my  duty 
to  make  inquiry  into  certain  reports  censuring  that 
gentleman's    conduct       '-'       *      and    I    shall     candidly 


JSisbop  Clagcjett's  Xcttcv.  71 

mention  niv  present  objection  to  giving  the  certificate 
required  b_\-  the  canon  in  such  cases  to  3-011,  in  hopes 
that  you  may  be  able  to  satisfy  my  scruples  on  that  head. 
I  shall  preface  them  b\-  observing  that  the  Church  of 
Maryland,  under  the  old  government,  v/as  restricted,  by 
the  charter  of  the  then  Lord  Baltimore,  from  the 
exercise  of  an\-  discipline,  b\-  which  she  suffered  much. 
••'■  Aware  of  the  evils  which   the  Church   had  thus 

suffered  on  this  account,  our  General  Convention 
framed  the  ecclesiastical  Constitution  of  our  Church 
after  the  revolution  ;  conceiving  that  the  exercise  of 
discipline  over  the  clergy  was  so  intimately  connected 
with  the  future  well  being  of  the  Church,  that  in  the 
general  Constitution,  and  in  the  7th  article  thereof, 
she  enacted  as  follows  :  'no  person  shall  be  ordained 
to  holy  orders  until  he  shall  have  subscribed  the 
following  declaration,  to  wit :  I  do  believe  the  Holy 
vScriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  to  be  the 
word  of  God,  and  to  contain  all  things  necessary  to 
salvation,  and  /  do  solemnly  engage  to  confotm  to  the 
doctrines  and  worship  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  I'nited  States.' 

".After  thus  making  a  conformit}-  to  the  doctrines 
and  worship  of  the  Church  an  essential  part  of  her 
Constitution,  a  General  Convention  afterwards  enacted 
the  34th  canon  in  aid  of  the  same  important  object 
of  conformity  in  public  worship.  The  whole  canon 
stands  thus: — 'e\erv  minister  shall  l)efore  all  ser- 
mons and  lectures,  and  on  all  other  occasions  of  public 


72  Zbc  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

worship,  use  the  book  of  coniinon  prayer  as  the  same 
niav  be  established,  and  in  performing  said  service,  no 
other  prayer  shall  be  used  than  those  prescribed  in  said 
book.'  Now,  gentlemen,  having  premised  these  things, 
I  beg  leave  to  state  to  you,  that  I  have  been  informed, 
that  the  Re\'.  Mr.  Armstrong  has  on  several  occasions 
within  three  years  last  past  in  his  own  parish  church, 
and  before  his  sermons  there,  so  far  from  conforming  to 
the  forms  of  worship  of  the  Church,  that  he  has  muti- 
lated the  service  b}-  leaving  out  parts  of  it,  and  interpo- 
lating, a^ /?'i5//?<w,  extempore  prayers  of  his  own;  '■' 
after  this  statement  of  facts,  and  while  thev  remain 
uncontradicted,  I  can  \entnre  to  lea\-e  it  to  yourseh'es 
whether  I  can  sign  the  certificate  required.  The  reports 
abo\e  mentioned  ma\'  be  without  foundation  ;  if  so,  a 
certificate  from  your  respectable  body  going  fully  to 
that  effect  would  have  great  weight  in  removing  scruples 
on  that  liead,  and  might  possiblv  enable  me  bv  a  com- 
pliance with  ^•our  wishes  more  fully  to  manifest  that 
high  respect,  esteem  and  regard  with  which  I  have  the 
honor  to  be,  gentlemen,  vour  affectionate  friend  and 
diocesan,  Thos.  Jno.  Claggett,  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  Marvland  and  Washington  County, 
District  of  Columbia." 

To  this,  on  the  thirteenth  of  August,  the  Vestry 
replv — "the  Rev.  Mr.  Armstrong,  when  rector  of  this 
parish,  officiated  in  St.  Thomas'  Church  and  chapel 
belonging  to  it.  He  always  nuide  use  of  the  Church 
prayers,  except  an  extempore  praver  before  and    after 


Extempore  IPra^iers.  73 

sermon  in  St.  Thomas'  Church.  He  also  diligenth- 
attended  to  the  duties  of  the  parish,  such  as  visiting  the 
sick  and  preaching  in  different  parts  of  the  parish  when 
called  on,  on  other  days  exclusive  of  Sunday.  With 
respect  to  the  chapel,  which  is  some  distance  from  the 
church,  none  of  the  members  now  met  were  ever  present 
when  he  performed  divine  services  there." 

This,  it  will  be  perceived,  did  not  come  up  to  what 
the  Bishop  desired,  and  consequently  no  letter  was 
given  bv  him  to  Mr.  Armstrong.  Thus  the  matter  con- 
tinued till  November  22,  181 1,  when  Mr.  Armstrong- 
wrote  the  \'estry  that  the  letter  which  Bishop  Claggett 
sent  Bishop  White  was  not  deemed  satisfactory,  being, 
indeed,  a  good  one  but  not  canonical,  and  asking  from 
them  a  certificate  to  Bishop  Claggett  in  the  precise 
words  of  the  canon.  This  was  subsequenth'  done  bv 
them  and  signed  by  the  following  gentlemen,  part  of 
whom  were  not  of  the  vestrv :  Phineas  Hunt,  John 
Bond,  Joseph  West,  John  T.  Worthington,  Charles 
Walker,  James  Walker  of  Chs.,  Charles  Worthington 
S.  Owings,  W'illiam  Stone,  Samuel  Stone,  Samuel  C. 
Hunt,  Lloyd  Ford,  and  so  the  business  ended. 

In  18 1 8  he  returned  to  Maryland  and  took  charge 
of  St.  Peter's  Parish,  Montgomery  County,  and  Zion 
Parish,  Frederick  County.  After  remaining  there  two 
years  he  removed  to  Wheeling,  \'a.,  and  took  charge  of 
St.  Matthew's  Parish,  which  had  l)een  organized  bv 
Bishop  Chase,  of  Ohio.  Tliere  he  was  instrumental  in 
building    an    edifice    and    ver\-     mucli    increasing    the 


74 


TLbc  ©arrison  Gburcb. 


congregation.  In  addition  to  this  lie  officiated  as  mission- 
ary under  Bishop  Chase  on  the  Ohio  side  of  the  river 
at  St.  Clairsville,  eleven  miles  west  of  Wheeling.  He 
succeeded  in  building  a  brick  church  there,  50  feet  by 
40,  which  was  consecrated  August  18,  1822,  "the  second 
church,"  says  Bishop  Chase,  "consecrated  west  of  the 
mountains."  At  the  same  time  Mr.  Armstrong  officiated 
occasionally  at  Morristown,  eight  miles  further  west  on 
the  National  road,  where  a  small  brick  church  was  also 
built  in  the  same  year.  Mr.  Armstrong  died  in  Wheel- 
ing in  June,  1827,  leaving  a  widow  who  survi\ed  him 
nearly  twenty  years.  His  son.  Rev.  William  Armstrong, 
was  Rector  of  St.  Matthews',  Wheeling,  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  and  afterward  became  Rector  of  Zion 
Parish,  Frederick  Count  v. 


St    THOMAS'  PARISH    CHURCH 
LOTTS-RY— Baltimore  Cnwity. 

Authorised  by  Law  of'lht  Stale  of  Martjland. 

(0=  THIS  TICKET   will  entitle  the  bearer  to  such  Prize  as  may 
be  drawn  against  its   number  without  dcJuction,  if  demanded  within  ' 
six  months  after  the  completion  of  the  drawing-. 
By  Older  of  the  Managers, 

Baltimore  Cotmty,   10th.  Frb    l30r  c/ 


CHAPTER  XI. 

Grorgf,  Ralph.    J<>hx  Chandler.    Joseph  Jack.sox. 

HERE  IS   nothint;"   in   the   records   wortliv 
of  mention  until  April   15,  181 1,  when  an 
invitation  was  g'iven  to  the  Re\-.  George 
Ralph   "to  officiate  in  the  church  when- 
ever he  could  make  it  convenient.'"" 

Mr.  Ralph  was  at  the  head  of  a  private  acadeniA"  a 
short  distance  north-west  of  the  United  States  arsenal, 
about  four  miles  south  of  St.  Thomas'  Church. 

On  the  eleventh  of  April,  181 2,  died  Brian  Philpot, 
Esq.,  of  "Stamford,"  in  his  62nd  year.  He  was  a  native 
of  Baltimore  and  son  of  Brian  Philpot,  who  emigrated 
from  England  in  1750.  He  was  a  merchant  and  pro- 
prietor of  land  lying  east  of  the  falls.  During  the 
Revolution  Brian  Philpot,  Jr.,  held  a  commission  in  the 
army,  in  Colonel  Smallwood's  regiment.  After  the  war 
he  settled  at  his  place  on  the  Western  Run,  and  in  1796 
married  Elizabeth  Johnson,  daughter  of  Jeremiah 
Johnson,  Esq.  In  1800  he  was  a  warden  in  St. 
Thomas'  Church,  and  from   1805  a  vestryman  until  his 

II)     Mr.  Ralph  was  an  iiiterfstinij  character,  aiici  is  the  snhjecl  of  one  of  the  tiioi;raplnca  1 
sketches  appended. 


76  Zbc  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

death.  He  left  three  sons  and  three  daughters.  His 
second  daughter,  Elizabeth,  in  1826  married  the  Rev. 
John  G.  Blanchard,  many  years  the  Rector  of  St. 
Anne's,  Annapolis. 

After  a  vacancy  of  nearlv  three  years,  supplied 
only  by  the  occasional  services  of  Mr.  Ralph,  on  the 
twenty-eighth  of  December,  181 2,  the  Rev.  John 
Chandler  was  elected  Rector,  to  enter  upon  his  duties 
January  ist.  Mr.  Chandler  was  from  England.  He 
came  into  this  diocese  in  18 10  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
became  the  Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Montgomery  County, 
where  he  continued  until  he  came  to  St.  Thomas'.  On 
the  .seventh  day  of  February,  1814,  he  sent  to  the  Vestry 
his  resignation,  stating  that  he  had  accepted  the  Rec- 
torship of  St.  Mark's,  Frederick  County.  He  died  in 
the  spring  of  18 15. 

On  the  seventh  of  April,  1815,  died  Samuel  Worth- 
ington,  Esq.,  aged  82  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Anne 
Arundel  Count}'  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
what  is  known  as  the  Worthington  Valley,  2,000  acres 
of  which  had  been  patented  to  his  father  in  1740.  In 
1756  he  was  a  church  warden  and  subsequently  a  ves- 
tryman. He  was  a  Whig  of  the  Revolution,  and  in 
1774  was  one  of  the  Committee  of  Observation.  In 
1781  and  subsequently  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Assembly.  He  left  a  widow,  his  second  wife,  nine  sons 
and  ten  daughters,  having  before  buried  two  daughters.'" 

At  a  meeting  of  the   Vestry  on   Easter  Monda^■, 

{ I )     See  .\ppendix. 


St.  Zebu's  in  the  DaUev.  77 

April  15,  1816,  Mr.  Robert  North  Moale  and  Dr.  Thomas 
C.  Walker  were  appointed  to  ascertain  whether  b}'  sub- 
scription, or  otherwise,  funds  could  be  secured  to  wall  in 
the  churchyard.  This  work  was  but  slowly  carried  on 
and  was  not  completed  until  1832. 

The  Re\'.  Joseph  Jackson — The  loth  Rector. 
November  2,  1818,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Jackson  was  elected 
Rector  to  preach  everv  other  Sunday.  The  alternate 
Sundav  was  given  to  "  St.  John's  Church  in  the  \'al- 
le}-."  This  church  is  six  miles  north  of  St.  Thomas', 
near  the  head  of  the  Worthington  Valle\-.  On  the  third 
of  June,  1 8 16,  the  corner-stone  had  been  laid  by  the 
Rt.  Rev.  James  Kemp.  The  church  was  erected  on  a 
site  of  about  two  acres,  given  by  Mr.  Charles  Walker. 
The  building  was  of  stone  and  cost  $5,000.  It  was  con- 
secrated by  Bishop  Kemp,  November  13,  181 8.  Mr. 
Jackson  was  a  native  of  Scotland.  On  emigrating  to 
this  country  he  first  engaged  in  teaching  at  "  Barnaby," 
in  Prince  George's  County,  then  the  residence  of 
Anthony  Addison,  Esq.,  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Addison,  many  years  the  Rector  of  St.  John's  Parish  in 
that  county  previous  to  the  Revolution.  In  December, 
1794,  he  was  ordained  Deacon  by  Bishop  Claggett. 
During  the  first  part  of  the  3'ear  1795  he  was  assistant 
to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Read,  of  Prince  George  Parish,  in 
Montgomery  County,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year 
he  officiated  in  Queen  Anne's  Parish,  Prince  George's 
County.  In  1796  he  became  the  Rector  of  St.  Peter's 
Parish,  Talbot  County,  and  continued  thei'e,  officiating 


78  ^be  (Barrtson  (Iburcb. 

alternately  at  the  Parish  Church  and  at  the  chapel  at 
Easton,  for  more  than  seventeen  years.  In  1812  he 
took  cliarge  of  William  and  Mary  Parish,  St.  Mary's 
Count}'.  There  he  remained  five  years,  and,  his  health 
failing  him,  in  181 7,  August  27th,  he  became  Rector  of 
St.  John's,  Hagerstown.  He  resigned  that  Parish  at 
the  end  of  the  3'ear  and  accepted  a  missionary  appoint- 
ment, and  was  emploA'ed  in  visiting  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois and  Kentucky  until  he  became  the  Rector  of  St. 
Thomas'  Parish.  At  the  Diocesan  Convention  of  this 
year  he  reported  ten  communicants.  It  was  the  first 
report  which  had  ever  been  made.  His  salary  was 
raised  by  subscription  and  he  lived  at  the  parsonage, 
but  the  amount  of  salary  is  not  stated. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry,  November  29,  1819, 
present  Samuel  Owings,  Charles  Worthington,  Robert 
N.  Moale,  Christopher  Todd,  David  R.  Gist  and  Thomas 
Moale,  the  following  resolution  was  offered  and  passed  : 
"  Resolved^  That  the  Rev.  Joseph  Jackson  is  no  longer 
considered  Rector  of  this  Parish,  and  notice  be  given 
him  to  that  effect  by  the  Register."  At  the  time  of  this 
meeting  of  the  Vestry  he  was  on  a  visit  to  his  old  parish 
in  St.  Mar^-'s.  He  had  no  intimation  of  such  move- 
ment ;  no  charge  was  brought  against  him,  and  but  one 
of  the  Vestry-  had  contributed  to  his  siipport.  We  do 
not  wonder  that  when  Mr.  Jackson  returned  and  his  dis- 
missal was  announced  he  sat  down  and  wept. 

Mr.  Jackson  at  once  set  out  on  a  missionary  tour 
in  the   West,  but  before  a  A'ear  had   passed  he  died  at 


St.  fames'  Gollege.  70 

Bardstown,  in  Kentucky,  leaving  a  widow,  who  liad 
become  his  wife  two  weeks  previoush'.  He  must  ha\e 
been  o\-er  sixty  years  of  age.  He  was  a  pious  man  and 
an  earnest  Christian.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of 
Bishop  Kemp  and  a  long  and  friendly  correspondence 
between  them  still  remains.  There  are  53  letters  from 
Bishop  Kemp  to  him,  and  57  letters  from  him  to  the 
Bishop,  on  iile  in  the  Bishop's  library.  In  the  years 
1809  and  181 5  he  was  a  member  of  the  Standing  Com- 
mittee. In  1804  he  preached  the  convention  sermon 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Convention.  At  his 
death  he  left  about  $2,oco  to  the  Church  in  Maryland. 
This  was  subsequently  appropriated  to  the  purchase  and 
founding  of  vSt.  James'  College  in  Washington  County, 
whicli  without  this  legacy  would  not  haye  come  into 
existence. 


CHAPTER    XII. 

Chari.ks  C.  Austin. 

FTER  A  vacancy  of  one  year,  December  i, 
1820,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry,  at  which 
were  pre.sent  Samuel  Owings,  Thoma.s 
Moale,  Chri.stopher  Todd  and  Robert  N. 
Moale,  the  Rev.  Charles  C.  Austin  was  elected  Rector, 
his  service  to  begin  the  same  date  at  a  salary  of  $350  a 
year,  payable  cjuarterly.  He  was  to  officiate  ever\- 
other  Sunday.  Mr.  Austin  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1794  or  1795.  After  finishing  his  course  and  receiving 
his  degree  at  Yale  College  he  came  to  Maryland  and 
pursued  his  preparatory  studies  under  the  direction  of 
Bishop  Kemp.  During  a  part  of  the  time  of  his  candi- 
dacy he  officiated  as  la3--reader  in  Christ  Church,  Elk 
Ridge,  Queen  Caroline  Parish,  Anne  x'Vrundel  County, 
and  resided  in  the  family  of  Alexander  C.  Hanson,  Esq., 
then  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate.  In  18 19, 
June  13,  he  was  ordained  Deacon  by  the  Bishop  of  the 
Diocese  and  took  charge  of  Addison's  Chapel,  now  St. 
Matthew's,  Prince  George's  County,  and  Rock  Creek 
Church,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  where  he  continued 
until    he    was    called    to    St.   Thomas'.       He    was    also 


Ube  Cbapel  of  Ease.  81 

appointed  by  the  Vestr}-  of  St.  John's  Church  in  the 
Valley  to  officiate  there  on  the  alternate  Sundays,  with 
a  salary  of  $320  a  year,  nuiking  his  stipend  aggregate 
:y;670,  besides  the  parsonage  and  glebe.  On  the  first 
Easter  Monday  after  Mr.  Austin  entered  upon  his 
charge  of  the  parish,  David  Gist,  Col.  David  Hopkins, 
Tlionias  H.  Belt,  Horatio  Hollingsworth,  Stephen  W. 
Falls,  Elias  Brown,  Samuel  Owings  and  Thomas  Moale 
were  appointed  Vestrj-men.  Mr.  Owings  and  Colonel 
Hopkins  were  appointed  Church  Wardens  ;  Robert  N. 
Moale,  Treasurer,  and  John  Hollingsworth,  Registrar. 
On  the  twenty-eighth  of  Ma}-,  among  other  things,  a 
committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Owings, 
Brown  and  Thomas  Moale,  to  examine  into  the  state  of 
the  chapel  of  ease  in  the  forks  of  the  falls,  and  to 
rei)ort  to  tlie  Vestr}-.  For  more  than  thirteen  years  the 
chapel,  as  far  as  the  records  show,  had  been  utterly  neg- 
lected by  the  \'estry,  and  used  only  by  the  Methodists 
and  Baptists  who  were  supposed  to  have  swept  away 
the  Church  in  that  neighborhood. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  October,  1821,  died  Dr. 
Thomas  Cradock,  in  the  70th  j-ear  of  his  age.  He 
was  the  third  son  and  only  sur\-iving  child  of  the  first 
Rector  of  the  parish.  His  fatlier  took  great  pains  in 
his  education  and  hoped  that  he  would  enter  the  min- 
istry, but  he  chose  the  profession  of  medicine.  He  was 
for  fort}-  \-cars  an  acti\-c  \estr3-man,  often  a  delegate  to 
the  Diocesan  Convention,  and  a  delegate  to  the  first 
General  Convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 


82  TLbe  <3arrl8on  Cburcb. 

in  the  United  States.  Dr.  Cradock  was  an  active  pro- 
moter of  the  Revolution,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
was  one  of  the  committee  of  observation  for  the  county. 
After  the  Revolution  he  became  affianced  to  a  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Smith,  then  President  of  Washington 
College,  but  influencing  the  laity  to  non-concur  in  the 
doctor's  election  to  the  Episcopate,  when  nominated  b}- 
the  clergy  of  Marj-land,'"  the  match  was  broken  off. 
The  attachment,  however,  was  mutual,  and  Dr.  Cradock 
retained  her  miniature  to  the  day  of  his  death.  He 
never  married.  He  was  an  able  physician  and  lived 
and  died  at  Trentham,  his  father's  estate  which  he 
inherited. 

Nothing  occurs  in  the  Vestr3''s  records  worthy  of 
note  till  September  22,  1822.  At  that  time  Messrs. 
Robert  N.  Moale  and  James  Piper  were  appointed  to 
investigate  Mr.  David  Carlisle's  bill  for  putting  a  new 
roof  on  the  church.  It  appears  that  during  the  previous 
year  a  new  roof  had  been  put  on  the  church,  and  the 
parsonage  repaired.  The  bill  was  rendered  for  $444. 
Nothwithstanding  this  outla}-,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Vestry  held  April  7,  1823,  Major  David  Hopkins  was 
appointed  to  superintend  the  repairs  to  be  made  to  the 
church  under  the  direction  of  the  Vestry.  Towards 
these  repairs  the  following  sums  were  at  once  sub- 
scribed. James  Piper,  $50;  Robert  Riddle  and  W.  F. 
Johnson,  $30  each;  Dr.  R.  G.  Belt,  T.  H.  Gist  and 
Mrs.  V.  West,  $20  each;     David  Gist,  $15  ;    Dr.  Lenox 

(i)     See  correspondence  of  Dr.  Cradock  and  Dr.  Andrews,  appendix  "E." 


flDajor  iDopfttns.  83 

Birckliead  and  Tlios.  Cockey,  $io  each ;  and  Dr. 
Owen,  $5 ;  and  the  work  was  commenced  on  the  twent}-- 
seventh  of  May.  It  was  undertaken  by  Benj.  Eggleston 
under  Major  Hopkins'  direction.  The  pews,  pulpit  and 
chancel  were  taken  down  and  the  floors  taken  up. 
These  were  all  replaced.  The  pews  were  increased  to 
about  thirt^'  and  replaced  by  new  ones.  The  walls 
were  replastered,  and  all  the  wood  work  was  painted  with 
three  or  four  coats  inside  and  out.  The  pulpit  and 
chancel  were  hung  with  new  curtains.  The  vestr}'- 
room  was  repaired  and  the  whole  put  in  complete  order. 
Such  is  the  statement  in  a  book  kept  by  Major 
Hopkins.  The  whole  cost  was  $765.  This  added  to 
the  amount  of  previous  repairs  made  $1,209,  and  a  debt 
was  incurred  of  nearl}-  $r,ooo.  Major  Hopkins,  who 
appears  to  have  been  the  active  man  in  all  this,  died 
and  was  buried  in  St.  Thomas'  church3'ard,  March  8, 
1824.  [He  was  buried  immediately  back  of  the  chancel, 
but  no  stone  marked  his  gra\'e.  When  the  church  was 
extended  in  1890  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock,  Senior  Warden, 
who  had  been  shown  the  spot  by  his  father,  Dr.  Walker, 
had  the  grave  deepened  beneath  the  cellar,  and  a  small 
stone  with  the  name  and  date  of  burial  of  Major 
Hopkins  placed  in  the  aisle  of  the  church  just  above 
it.  Major  Hopkins  was  commandant  at  the  United 
States  Arsenal  at  Pikesville.  F'rom  papers  found  in 
the  possession  of  the  Rector  it  appears  that  his  sub- 
scription paid  was  $80,  and  that  he  advanced  and  paid 
bills  to   tlie  amount  of   $201.97,  of   which    there    is   no 


84  Xlbe  ©arrtson  Cburcb. 

account  of  his  reimbursement  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
The  Vestry  also  owed  others  on  this  account,  $287.30, 
so  that  the  total  debt  of  the  Vestry,  with  the  $444  on 
previous  repairs,  amounted  to  over  $900.  Some  of  the 
subscriptions  which  are  above  referred  to  were  never 
paid,  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained. — Editor.]  The  Parish 
was  oppressed  with  this  debt  and  with  the  interest  on  it 
and  with  costs  of  suits  to  recover  until  all  the  previous 
indications  of  good  vanished.'"  Mr.  Austin  was  com- 
pelled to  resort  to  a  school  for  his  own  support.  For 
fifteen  years  the  records  of  the  Vestry  present  nothing 
of  interest.'^' 

On  the  twent3--third  of  April,  1832,  the  Vestry 
appointed  a  committee  to  attend  to  the  completion  of 
the  churchyard  wall,  and  in  1838  another  committee 
was  appointed  for  the  same  purpose,  and  in  1841,  Mav 
14th,  it  is  recorded  that  "  The  Treasurer  received  from 
Mr.  [Cardiff]  Tagart  live  dollars,  being  the  amount  left 
in  his  hands  out  of  money  collected  by  him  for  building 
the  stone  wall  around  the  churchyard."  The  wall  was 
finished  twentj'-four  years  from  the  time  it  was  first 
proposed.  The  Vestry  Record  for  many  years  has 
only  the  entry  of  vestries  elected  and  committees 
appointed  to  examine  and  report  on  debts  and  accounts. 

Parish  of  the  Holy  Trinity. — In  the  Convention  of 
the  Diocese  in  1843  the  old  chapel  of  ease  in  the  forks 

(:)  In  1833  the  church  was  attached  for  $148.48,  a  balance  still  due,  which  was  settled 
December  11,  1833.     This  amount  was  raised  by  the  ladies  of  the  congregation. 

(21  There  is  inserted  in  Dr.  Allen's  manuscript  a  printed  sermon  of  Mr.  .\ustiu  preached 
September  12,  1823,  before  a  detachment  of  the  nth  Brigade.  Mar>'land  Militia,  in 
St.  Thomas'  Church. 


diminution  of  Uerrltori\  85 

of  the  Patapsco  Falls,  in  Carroll  County,  was  con- 
stituted a  parish  church  and  its  parish  lines  defined. 
At  the  time  when  the  attempt  was  made  to  resuscitate 
tlie  chapel  it  was  in  a  state  of  ruin.  The  doors  and 
windows  and  roof  were  gone,  and  the  floor  had  been 
torn  up  to  facilitate  the  taking  of  the  rabbits  which  con- 
cealed themselves  under  it.  There  had  been  no  service 
for  twenty  years.  Before  that  for  years  the  Methodists 
had  sometimes  occupied  it  and  sometimes  the  Baptists, 
but  now  it  was  only  a  shelter  for  horses  and  cattle. 
But  the  work  of  repairing  it  was  undertaken  and 
effected  at  an  expense  of  about  $200,  leaving  no  debt. 
The  first  Vestry  were  Jesse  Hollingsworth,  William  H. 
Warfield,  W.  W.  Warfield,  George  T.  Warfield,  James 
Sykes,  Nicholas  Dorse}^  and  George  W.  Munroe.  The 
Rev.  David  Hillhouse  Bucll  was  appointed  Rector  to 
officiate  cue-half  his  time,  the  other  half  being  given 
to  missionary  work  in  Westminster  and  its  vicinity  in 
Carroll   Count}-. 

In  1844  St.  Thomas'  Parish  suffered  a  further 
diminution  of  its  territor}'  by  the  erection  of  the  Parish 
of  the  Ascension.  Mr.  Buell  l)ecanie  the  Rector  of  this 
parish  in  connection  with  the  Parish  of  the  Holy 
Trinity.  During  the  previous  year  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Taylor,  subsequently  missionary  to  Mesopotamia  in 
Asia,  had  officiated  in  Westminster.  Before  him  no 
church  services  had  been  held  there  since  those  of  the 
lamented  Arthur  Cradock  in  1768.  His  .services  at 
that  early  date  lend  an  interest  to  the  place  of  which  the 


86  XTbe  ©arrison  Cburcb. 

church  may  well  claim  the  credit.  At  the  Diocesan 
Convention  of  1846  a  parish  church  had  just  been  com- 
pleted. It  is  a  beautiful  structure  of  stone,  in  the  early 
English  st^'le  and  was  consecrated  by  Bishop  Whitting- 
ham  on  Ascension  Da}\ 

In  1847  ^i^^  ^r-  Charles  Worthington,  at  the  age 
of  sevent3'-seven.  He  was  the  fourth  son  of  Samuel 
Worthington,  a  part  of  whose  landed  estate  which  is  in 
the  Western  Run  Valley?  he  inherited.  He  was 
frequently  a  vestrvnian  in  St.  Thomas'.  He  was  in 
possession  of  much  wealth  which  he  divided  between 
his  four  unmarried  sons,  besides  whom  he  left  two  mar- 
ried daughters.  He  was  one  of  the  twentj'-four  children 
of  Samuel  Worthington.  His  father  was  a  grandson  of 
Capt.  John  W^orthington  who  died  about  1700,  and,  as 
shown  in  his  will,  gave  to  John  his  home  plantation 
on  the  Severn,  to  Thomas  "  Greenbury's  Forest,"  to 
William  "  Howard's  Inheritance,"  a  tract  near  Beards 
Mill  and  another  at  "the  Fresh  Pond  on  the  Bodkin 
Creek  of  Patapsco  River." 

February  9,  1849,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Austin,  for  nearly 
twenty-nine  years  the  Rector  of  this  parish,  died,  at  the 
age  of  fifty-four.  The  next  day  his  daughter,  Jane 
Buckler,  died,  in  the  twentieth  vear  of  her  age,  and  both 
were  buried  on  the  eleventh  in  St.  Thomas'  church- 
yard in  one  grave.  There  was  present  a  very  large  and 
svmpathizing  congregation. 

In  182 1  Mr.  Austin  married  Miss  Ann  Buckler, 
daughter  of    Mr.   Thomas   Buckler  of  Baltimore  City. 


Zbc  Jfirst  Sabbatb  Scbool.  87 

Their  children  were  Miss  Anne  Buckler,  born  October 
24,  1822;  Henry  Sanford,  Februar\-  28,  1826;  Jane 
Buckler,  April  16,  1829;  May  Holle}-,  November  24, 
1832;  and  William  Buckler,  IMarch  11,  1838.  As 
alread}-  noted  Mr.  Austin  had  found  it  necessary  to 
conduct  a  school.  During-  this  period  he  also  had 
charge  of  two  daughters  of  his  brother,  who  made 
the  first  purchase  in  Mexico  of  a  large  amount  of 
territory,  which  is  now  part  of  Texas,  and  carried 
thither  a  colony  which  established  the  city  of  Austin 
in  that  state.  The  number  of  communicants  in  the 
parish  never  exceeded  the  number  which  he  first 
reported.  A  Sabbath  School,  the  first  in  the  parish, 
existed  during  manj-  years  of  his  rectorship,  and  was 
well  sustained.  He  lived  to  see  two  parishes  estab- 
lished within  the  bounds  of  his  early  ministry,  and  two 
independent  congregations,  each  taking  off  large 
portions  of  the  territory  of  St.  Thomas';  and  also  the 
Hannah  More  Academy,  devoted  to  the  education 
and  training  of  young  ladies  in  the  Church.  Mr. 
Austin  was  an  active  and  energetic  man,  ready  to  go  at 
every  call,  and  under  all  the  depression  of  his 
parish,  and  the  discouragement  he  met  with,  he  sus- 
tained a  high  character  for  frankness,  integrit}-  and 
independence.  For  the  last  fifteen  years  his  salary  aver- 
aged but  a  little  over  one  himdred  dollars  per  annum. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

John  B.  Morss.    John  Joseph  Nicholson. 

T  A  meeting  of  the  Vestry,  March  3,  1849, 
Messrs.  Edward  T.  Lyon,  T.  H.  Gibson 
and  Dr.  Morfit  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  procnre  snbscriptions  for  the  support 
of  a  clergyman,  and  at  a  meeting  on  the  loth  reported 
$270  as  having  been  subscribed.  At  the  same  time  the 
Rev.  Messrs.  Sprigg,  Nicholson,  Tracey,  Moore,  Morss 
and  Davis  were  each  nominated  to  the  \-acant  rectorship. 
But  the  election  was  postponed.  In  order  to  give  time 
for  further  consideration  the  Registrar  was  requested  to 
invite  the  neighboring  clergy  to  officiate  each  a  Sunday 
that  the  church  might  not  be  closed.  The  invitations 
given  were  these:  The  Rev.  Mr.  Morss,  of  Baltimore,  to 
officiate  on  the  eighteenth;  the  Rev.  Mr.  Davis,  of  West- 
minster, on  the  t-wenty-fifth  ;  the  Rev.  Mr.  McKennly, 
of  Sherwood,  on  the  first  of  April  ;  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Allen,  of  St.  Johns,  on  the  eighth.  On  the  ninth  of 
April  an  election  not  ha\ing  been  effected  the  Regis- 
trar was  further  requested  to  invite  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Bausman,  of  Baltimore,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lockwood, 
of  Virginia,  to  officiate.     But  more  than  three  months 


Jacob  B.  /IDorss.  89 

elapsed  before  Mr.  Austin's  place  could  be  filled. 
The  Re\'.  J.acob  B.  Morss — i2tli  Rector.  On  the 
tlie  fourteenth  of  Ma}'  the  Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss  was 
invited  to  the  rectorship  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  with  the 
offer  "  of  two  or  three  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  with 
a  comfortable  and  spacious  glebe,  in  a  healthy  location 
and  in  a  quiet  neighborhood." 

[Dr.  Allen  has  onh-  partially  c^uoted  the  letter  of 
invitation.  It  reads  :  "  To  the  Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss, 
Baltimore  :  The  undersigned  vestrj'meu  of  St.  Thomas' 
Parish,  Baltimore  County,  anxious  to  procvire  speedily 
the  services  of  a  priest  tc  fill  the  vacanc}-  caused  b}-  the 
death  of  the  late  Rev.  C.  C.  Austin,  with  one  heart  and 
mind  in  unitj-of  the  spirit  and  bond  of  peace  (we  trust), 
turn  to  the  Re\-.  Mr.  Morss  in  this  exigency  as  emi- 
nentl}-  suited  to  repair  the  desolate  state  of  the  church, 
to  extend  its  borders,  to  unite  the  congregation  and 
interest  man\'  in  its  sublime  ritual  and  Hoi}-  Com- 
munion (if  he  can  make  so  gi'eat  a  sacrifice  of  worldh- 
interests,  sustained  b}'  faith,  looking  for  his  reward  here- 
after) ;  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Rector  for  the 
inadequate  compensation  the  Vestry  can  at  this  time 
tender  of  two  or  three  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  with 
the  chief  attractions  of  a  spacious,  comfortable  glebe,  in 
a  health}'  location  and  in  a  quiet,  social  neighborhood." 
R.  H.  Owen,  Benjamin  Arthur,  T.  H.  Gibson,  John  H. 
Carroll,  Henry  Stevenson,  E.  D.  Lyon,  H.  Morfit, 
William  P.  Maulsby.  St.  Thomas'  Parish,  Baltimore 
County,  May  14,  1849.     The  letter  of  acceptance  of  the 


90  Ubc  0arrl8on  Cbiircb. 

Rev.  Mr.  Morss  is  given  in  fnll  in  the  records.  It  is 
dated  May  22,  1849.] 

It  was  nnderstood  that  Mr.  Morss  was  in  snch  inde- 
pendent circnnistances  as  not  to  make  the  amonnt  of 
the  salar}'  material.  There  was  some  dissatisfaction 
and  Mr.  L3'on  resigned  his  place  in  the  Vestry.  [June 
1 8th  Mr.  Thomas  Cradock  was  elected  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy] . 

Mr.  Morss  was  the  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Morss, 
of  Newburj'port,  Mass.  He  was  ordained  in  184 1  by 
Bishop  Ives,  of  North  Carolina,  and  took  charge  of 
Christ  Church,  Elizabeth  City,  in  that  Diocese.  In 
1843  he  was  in  charge  of  Trinit}'  Church,  Pottsville, 
Pa.;  in  1847  of  Grace  Church,  Waterford,  N.  Y.  In 
1848  he  removed  to  Virginia  where  he  married  Miss 
Southgate,  formerly  of  Baltimore,  to  which  city  he 
afterward  removed.'" 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestr}-  on  the  twentieth  of  May, 
1850,  it  appeared  from  a  report  made  by  the  treasurer 
that  the  Rector  had  received  during  the  year  $290,  also 
that  an  organ  had  been  purchased  at  the  cost  of  $300, 
but  that  the  subscriptions  therefor  had  fallen  short  of 
paying  for  it.  On  the  fifteenth  of  July  the}'  therefore  ap- 
propriated the  Sunday  offering  to  be  applied  to  meet  the 
balance  which  remained  due. 

Mr.  Morss  Resigns. — On  the  thirteenth  of  Novem- 
ber Mr.  Morss  resigned  his  rectorship.  In  his  letter  of 
resignation  he  said :  "Finding  the  difficulties  which  have 

(i)    See  Biographical  Sketches. 


3obn  3osepb  IRlcbolson.  91 

attended  my  residence  in  the  country  to  be  so  great  as 
to  make  my  famil}'  discontented,  and  there  being  no 
probability  of  improvement,  but  rather  an  increase  of 
them  in  prospect,  I  am  reluctantly  compelled  from  the 
necessities  of  the  case  to  tender  my  resignation  of  the 
rectorship  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  and  dissolve  the 
connection  which  has  existed  so  pleasantly  between  us 
for  nearly  two  j'ears."  This  resignation  the  Vestry 
accepted  but,  as  tlie  record  says,  "with  great  reluct- 
ance" "and  the  Vestrj-  tender  to  him  thanks  for  his 
gentlemanl}^  and  Christian  deportment  towards  them, 
and  their  sincere  wishes  for  the  future  happiness  of 
himself  and  family." 

Mr.  Morss  reported  at  the  Convention  of  1850 
twenty  communicants,  being  an  addition  of  ten.  Upon 
his  removal  he  became  the  Rector  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Carlisle,  Pa. 

The  Rev.  John  Joseph  Nicholson — 13th  Rector. 
On  the  twenty-fifth  of  November,  1850,  the  Vestry  in- 
vited the  Rev.  John  J.  Nicholson  to  become  the  Rector. 
Mr.  Nicholson  was  a  native  of  Anne  Arundel  county. 
He  was  ordained  Deacon  b}-  Bishop  Wittingham  June  7, 
1846,  and  took  charge  of  Somerset  Parish,  Somerset 
Count}-.  There  he  continued  till  his  acceptance  of  the 
invitation  to  St.  Tliomas'.  Previous  to  entering  the 
ministrj'  he  had  been  a  member  of  the"  bar.  On 
the  ninth  of  June,  1851,  the  A'estry  authorized  the 
Rector  to  collect  money  for  painting  and  otherwise 
repairing  the  church,  the  placing  of  a  new  plain  pulpit. 


92  Tlbc  (Barrison  Cburcb. 

reading    desk    and   commnnion    table    in  the    cliancel. 

At  the  convention  Mr.  Nicholson  reported  twent}-- 
eight  commnnicants,  the  largest  number  connected  with 
this  parish  church  for  eighty  years. 

July  14,  1 85 1,  Mr.  Nicholson  was  married  by 
Bishop  Whittingham,  in  St.  Thomas'  Church,  to  Ellen 
B.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Lyon,  Esq.,  whose  wife  was  at 
the  head  of  Hannah  More  Academy.  This  was  his 
second  wife.  On  the  twentj'-eighth  of  April,  1852, 
Mr.  Nicholson  sent  in  his  resignation  of  St.  Thomas' 
Parish,  having  accepted  a  call  to  Grace  Church,  Water- 
ford,  N.  Y. 

In  1853  Mr.  Nicholson  removed  to  Texas  and  took 
charge  of  Christ  Church,  Houston.  He  published  a 
number  of  sermons.  One  was  preached  at  St.  Thomas', 
Septnagesima,  1852,  from  St.  Matt,  xx.,  6,7,  entitled 
"The  Idlers  of  the  Vineyard."  During  a  part  of  the 
time  of  his  rectorship  in  St.  Thomas'  Mr.  Nicholson 
found  it  necessarj'  to  resort  to  the  assistance  of  a  school 
for  his  support.  [Mr.  Nicholson  was  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  Diocese  of  Texas  in 
1854-55,  and  trustee  of  St.  Paul's  College,  and  secre- 
tary of  the  board  of  trustees  for  that  year.  He 
resigned  his  parish  on  account  of  ill-health  July  5, 
1855,  and  took  letters  dimissory  to  Alabama.  He  after- 
wards was  called  to  St.  Mark's  Church,  San  Antonio, 
Texas,  and  died  there  in  1866.  His  widow  removed  to 
Mobile,  where  she  died  in  1898.] 


REW    C.    C.    Al'STIX. 


RF.\.    1.    l;.   MOK 


K¥.\'.    WM.    I'.    LUCKWOOL).  RK\'.    W .  SIKOTHEl-l    JONES. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

William  F.  Lockwood. 

N  JUNE  15,  1852,  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Chesley,  of 
Virginia,  was  elected  Rector,  but  declined. 
iVugust  22,  1852,  the  Vestry  elected  tlie 
Rev.  Whk  F.  Lockwood,  biit  it  was  not 
till  the  twenty-seventh  of  October  that  his  acceptance  was 
received  and  the  first  of  December  specified  as  the  com- 
mencement of  his  services.  Mr.  Lockwood  was  a  native 
of  Vermont,  but  a  graduate  of  the  thelogical  seminary 
of  the  Diocese  of  Virginia  in  1842,  and  was  ordained  in 
that  same  j'ear.  He  immediately  took  charge  of  a 
parish  in  Fairfax  County,  Va.,  and  continued  there  till 
he  came  to  St.  Thomas'. 

On  calling  Mr.  Lockwood  to  St.  Thomas'  it 
was  found  that  repairs  were  necessary  to  the  par- 
sonage. The  Vestry  entered  on  the  work.  The 
old  log  kitchen  was  removed  and  the  west  room 
of  the  house  appropriated  for  that  purpose.  An 
addition  was  made  to  the  east  end,  having  a  parlor 
below  and  a  chamber  above  with  a  portico  the  whole 
width  in  front.  It  was  then  provided  with  furni- 
ture, a    part    [$530]    of  the  expen.se,  which    amounted 


94  Ube  (Barrlson  Cburcb. 

to  $1,374,  Avas  raised  at    a    fair  held    b}'  the    ladies.'" 

In  consequence  of  the  appointment  of  a  chaplain 
at  the  Hannah  More  Acadeni}'  and  the  commencement 
of  separate  services  and  a  separate  church  organization 
the  number  of  communicants  in  St.  Thomas'  was 
reduced  to  twelve. 

The  records  of  this  parish  show  the  Rectors  and 
vacancies  up  to  this  time  to  have  been  as  follows  : 

I  St.  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock,  from  Feb.  4,  1745,  to 
Ma}'  7,  1770;  twenty-five  years,  three  months. 

and.  Rev.  William  Edmiston,  from  May  9,  1770, 
to  Sept.  10,  1775  ;  five  years,  four  months.  First  va- 
cancy, three  months. 

3rd.  Rev.  Thomas  Hopkinson,  from  Dec.  10,  1775, 
to  Dec.  10,  1776;  one  year.  Second  vacancy,  three 
years,  four  mouths. 

4th.  Rev.  William  West,  D.  D.,  from  April  3, 
1780,  to  April  3,  1782;  two  years,  one-third  of  the 
time. 

5th.  Rev.  John  Andrews,  D.  D.,  from  April  10, 
1782,  to  April  10,  17S5  ;  three  years,  one-half  the  time. 
Third  vacancy,  eight  years,  two  mouths.  Mr.  Coleman 
officiating  occasionally. 

6th.  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Oliver,  from  June  3,  1793, 
to  Jan.  27,  1797 ;  three  3'ears,  seven  months.  Foiirth 
vacanc}',  two  years,  two  months. 

7th.      Rev.  John   Coleman,  from  April  8,  1799,  to 


(i)     It  also  appears  ia  the  record  that  the  ladies  raised  $520  by  subscription,  so  that  alto- 
gether they  raised  $1,050  out  of  a  total  of  $1,374. 


Xist  ot  IRectors  95 

Dec.  8,  1804  ;  five  years,  eight  months.  Fifth  vacanc}-, 
ten  months. 

8th.  Rev.  John  Armstrong,  from  Oct.  i,  1805,  to 
March,  iSio;  four  years,  five  months.  Sixth  vacancy, 
three  years,  nine  months.  Mr.  Ralph  officiating  occa- 
sionally. 

9th.  Rev.  John  Chandler,  from  Dec.  28,  1813,  to 
Dec.  28,  1814;  one  year.  Seventh  vacancy,  three  years, 
ten  months. 

loth.  Rev.  Joseph  Jackson,  from  Nov.  2,  1S18,  to 
Nov.  2,  1819;  one  year.  Eighth  vacancy,  one  year, 
one  month. 

nth.  Rev.  Charles  C.  Austin,  from  Dec.  i,  1820, 
to  Feb.  9,  1849;  t\vent3--eight  years,  two  months. 
Ninth  vacancy,  three  months. 

1 2th.  Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss,  from  May  14,  1849, 
to  Nov.  25,  1850;  one  j-ear,  six  months. 

13th.  Rev.  John  J.  Nicholson,  from  Nov.  25, 
1850,  to  April  28,  1852  ;  one  year,  five  months.  Tenth 
vacancy,  eight  months. 

14th.  Rev.  William  F.  Lockwood,  from  Dec.  5, 
1852,  to  April  I,  1883  ;   thirty  years,  four  months. 

Thus  from  the  commencement  of  the  parish  to  this 
year  [1852,  the  year  that  Dr.  Allen  is  writing  this  his- 
tor}']  it  has  been  109  3-ears.  Of  this  time  it  has  had 
the  service  of  a  Rector,  wholly  or  in  part,  eighty-five 
years,  leaving  the  vacancies  to  have  covered  twenty-four 
years.  But  these  years  of  vacanc}-  are  to  be  deducted 
from  the  years  since  the  Revolution,  so  that  only  about 


96  ^be  ©arrison  Cfjurch. 

two-thirds  of  the  time  was  there  ministerial  service ;  or 
taking  the  3'ears  from  the  Revolution  until  Mr. 
Austin's  time  (1S20)  the  parish  was  vacant  more  than 
one-half  the  time ;  and  here  it  may  be  appropriate  to 
inquire  what  have  been  the  causes  which  have  hindered 
the  advancement  of  the  church  in  the  parish  since  1770. 

The  first  cause,  in  the  order  of  time,  it  may  be 
affirmed,  was  the  Revolution.  Its  influence  has  al- 
ready been  spoken  of  in  part.  The  Church  was  pros- 
trated in  taking  away  its  revenues,  and  repealing  the 
laws  b}-  which  as  a  civil  institution  it  was  governed. 
But  the  character  and  course  of  the  clergy  of  that 
day  was  also  disastrous.  One  Rector  zealousl}'  and 
openl}'  esjDoused  the  cause  of  a  minority  political  party. 
The  friends  of  the  Re\-olution  thus  to  a  great  extent 
identified  the  Church, — though,  as  subsequent  facts 
show,  without  any  good  reason — with  the  English  gov- 
ernment, and  the  friends  of  American  Independence 
seemed  to  feel  that  in  order  to  set  aside  that  govern- 
ment the  Church  itself  must  be  uprooted.  Besides  the 
character  of  the  two  clergymen  of  the  parish  at  that 
time — whether  in  truth  it  was  so  we  have  not  the 
means  of  judging — was  held  to  be  utterly  worldly  and 
actually  opposed  to  serious  and  consistent  piet}' ;  and 
that  the  church  will  be  judged,  in  popular  esteem, 
by  the  character  of  its  clergj'  is  a  well  known  truth  ; 
a3-e,  not  oul}-  judged  of,  but  adhered  to  or  abandoned  as 
that  character  ma}-  be  developed. 

A  second  cause  may  be  held  to  be  dissent,  and  the 


Zbe  llnfluence  ot  Dissent.  97 

withdrawal  of  the  Methodists.  Dissent  arraj-ed  those 
connected  with  it  in  hostility  and  rivalry.  It  coiild  not 
grow  bnt  upon  tlie  ruins  of  the  Church,  which  must 
therefore  be  misjudged  and  misunderstood.  But  it  must 
be  remembered  that  up  to  Christmas,  17S4,  the  Metho- 
dists were  held  to  be  simply  a  portion  of  and  a  part}-  in 
the  Church,  and  popularly  supposed  to  have  all  the 
religion  in  it.  They  were  unquestionably  earnest  and 
zealous.  Their  withdrawal  therefore  was  productive  of 
evil  to  the  Chiircli.  But  it  ma}-  fairly  be  questioned 
whetlier  the  alleged  causes  for  withdrawing  were 
really  sufficient  for  their  so  doing,  and  also  whether 
the  actual  privileges  and  ad\antages  the}-  desired 
were  not  to  be  found  in  the  Church.  There  was 
nothing  in  its  go\ernment  or  laws  to  prevent  la^• 
preaching  within  due  regulations — as  their  having  so 
long  practised  it  fully  shows — and  ministerial  orders 
might  in  due  time  doubtless  have  been  obtained.  And 
it  is  seriously  doubted  whether  they  have  gained 
as  much  or  done  as  much  good  by  their  with- 
drawing as  they  would  by  having  continued  where 
they    were. 

A  third  cause  to  be  mentioned  is  the  many  j-ears 
of  vacancy  in  the  rectorship  in  the  forty-four  3'ears  suc- 
ceeding the  Revolution — being  more  than  one-half  of 
them.  Much  is  lost  in  a  single  year's  vacancy'  which 
can  ne\-er  be  regained.  In  some  it  produces  dis- 
couragement ;  some  it  leaves  to  wander  away;  and  in  all 
it  tends  to  an  undervaluing  and  a  habit  of  disregarding 


98  Ube  ©arrlson  Cburcb. 

the  ordinances  of  religion,  especially  the  Sabbath  and 
public  worship  of  God. 

A  fourth  cause  is  found  in  the  Rector's  being  from 
necessity  engaged  in  secular  teaching.  Of  the  eleven 
Rectors  subseqiient  to  the  Revolution  four  were  thus 
engaged,  perhaps  more,  and  these  held  the  parish 
thirty-seven  out  of  seventy-six  3'ears  of  that  time — nay, 
thirty-seven  out  of  the  fifty-four  years  that  the  parish 
had  Rectors.  Now  it  is  well  known  that  all  the  time 
and  labor  given  to  this  employment  is  just  so  much 
time  and  labor  taken  away  from  the  parish.  To  the 
parish  therefore  it  is  a  clear  loss. 

A  fifth  cause  to  be  noted  is  the  frequent  changes 
of  the  other  Rectors.  Three  out  of  seven  had  the  par- 
ish only  one  3'ear  each,  and  two  others  onlj-  about  one 
and  a-half  years  each.  Frequent  changes  are  disas- 
trous to  any  parish. 

A  sixth  cause  is  found  in  the  want  of  a  proper  in- 
terest in  the  Church  by  the  laity  and  in  the  efficiency  of 
earnest  piety.  God  has  shown  us  by  His  Word  that  He 
giveth  increase  to  His  Church  just  in  proportion  to  the 
efficient  labor  of  each  and  ever}'  part  of  it.  When, 
therefore,  its  members  through  want  of  interest  or 
piety  are  inactive,  failing  thus  to  do  their  part,  it  is  a 
ban  to  God's  blessing.  One  man  can  never  do  the  work 
of  ten  or  fifty,  and  if  the}'  do  not  their  proportion  it 
must  go  undone,  and  yet,  ordinarily,  the  harvest  will  be 
in  proportion  to  the  labor  bestowed. 

A  seventh  cause  perhaps  had  its  influence  also — 


Xtbe  TLvnc  Estimate  ot  tbc  Clergy.  99 

tliat  is  the  want  of  popularit}-  in  a  number  of  the  Rec- 
tors. This  comes  generally  from  judging  of  ministers 
by  a  false  standard.  The  true  standard  is  their  indus- 
try-, piety  and  faithfulness.  If  these  are  not  wanting — 
and  that  they  were  wanting  in  the  Rectors  of  St.  Thomas' 
has  never  been  asserted — then  unpopularity  arising 
from  other  causes  is  unjust  in  most  cases,  and  is  just  so 
much  concession  to  the  world,  a  turning  awaj^  from  a 
right  dependence  on  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church 
Himself. 

One  other  cause  {eighth)  to  be  mentioned  is  a  want 
of  a  proper  estimate  of  the  clerical  office  and  the  insuf- 
ficient support  given  to  it.  There  is  often  no  doubt  a 
want  of  the  proper  appreciation  of  the  individual  min- 
ister. His  learning  is  not  appreciated  by  those  who 
have  it  not  themselves,  nor  are  his  talents,  his  piety, 
his  general  character,  standing  or  reputation,  and  he 
is,  of  course,  by  all  such  per.sonally  undervalued.  But 
what  is  here  affirmed  is  of  his  office  and  the  support 
given  it.  It  is  overlooked  that  it  is  an  office  given  the 
Church  by  the  Son  of  God  Himself,  and  that  he  that 
despiseth  it  despiseth  Him  who  gave  it.  It  is  over- 
looked that  the  want  of  a  proper  estimate  or  sxipport 
reflects  back  directly  upon  our  blessed  Lord. 

It  nia}-  be  interesting  to  look  at  the  Church  now 
[1852]  in  what  was  St.  Thomas'  Parish  in  1770  when 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Cradock  left  it.  Then  there  was  St. 
Thomas'  Church  willi  coinnuinicants  more  than  100, 
now — 


100  TLbc  ©arrison  Cburcb. 

St.  Thomas'  Parish,  Rev.  Wm.  F.  Lockwood,  Rector. 

1.  St.  Thomas'  Church,  communicants     .     .     .12 
Holy  Tnnity  Parish,  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Wvatt,  Rec- 
tor, having  : 

2.  Holy  Trinity  Church  and  \ 

3.  St.    Barnabas'   Chapel,    at   -  communicants    .      25 

Sykesville,  ' 

Ascension  Parish,  Rev.  Oliver  S.   Prescott,  Rector, 
having  : 

4.  Church     of    the    Ascension,     Westminster, 

communicants 10 

Western   Run   Parish,  Rev.  Ethan  Allen,  Rector, 
having : 

5.  St.  John's  Church  in  the  | 

Valley  and 

6.  Montrose  Chapel  ( F.   An- 

derson, Esq.) 

7.  Sherwood  Chapel,  Rev.  Cyrus  Waters,  Rector     24 

8.  St.  Michael's  Church,  at  the  Hannah  More 

Academy,   Rev.   Arthur  J.   Rich,   M.   D., 
Rector 17 

9.  Church   of    the   Holy  Communion   (S.   Nor- 

ris,  Esq.) 

Total 98 

There  are  thus  nine  places  of  worship,  with  six 
clergymen  and  ninety-eight  communicants,  where 
eighty-two  years  ago  there  was  only  one  clergyman  of 
the  Church  and  one  place  of    public  worship,  though 


communicants 


"Jportg  l^ears  to  Come!"  10] 

with  more  than  loo  communicants  ;  and  that  notwitli- 
standiiig  all  the  discouragements  and  obstacles  whicli 
have  been  looked  at  in  passing  along. 

But  go  back  only  forty  years,  to  1.S14,  then  there 
was  one  church,  one  chapel  in  ruins,  and  it  is  not 
known  that  there  were  any  communicants  ;  five  years 
afterward  there  were  only  ten. 

Now  with  so  many  ministers,  so  many  churches 
and  so  many  communicants  what  ma^-  not  be  antici- 
pated in  forty  years  to  come ! 

i-;nii  of  ur.  hthan  ai.i.hn's  mantscript. 


IPart  a 

1852-1898 


The  "forty  years  to  come,"  which  Dr.  Ethan  Allen 
prophesied  would  bring  brighter  da_vs  for  the  parish, 
have  passed  ;  the  Historian,  the  Rector,  the  Vestry  of 
1852  have  all  gone  from  Garrison  Forest.  The  last  to 
leave  of  that  goodly  company  was  Thomas  Cradock, 
then  the  3'oungest  vestryman,  who  for  forty-four  years 
afterward  served  with  unwearied  faithfulness  and  love 
the  Church  of  his  forefathers. 

They  have  all  gone  and  the  concluding  pages  of 
this  book  must  be  written  by  another  hand  to  record 
their  part  in  fulfilling  the  prophecy  of  that  day. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

Rkpairs  and   ImPROX'EMENTS. 

HE  VESTRY  records  of  1S53  are  occupied 
with  the  successive  reports  of  the  commit- 
tee on  improving  the  rectory  and  rais- 
ing necessarj^  funds.  Among  the  names 
whicli  appear  as  generous  helpers  are  Julia  Howard, 
Mrs.  James  Howard,  Mrs.  Stevenson  and  Mrs.  Boyle. 
The  Vestry  "mentions  with  commendation  the  noble 
and  disinterested  exertions  of  Wm.  Norris,  Esq.,  who, 
though  not  a  member  of  the  parish,  collected  and  paid 
over  the  handsome  sum  of  $152."  It  was  in  this  year 
that  Rev.  A.  J.  Rich  gave  notice  of  his  purpose  to 
apply  to  the  Convention  for  permission  to  build  a  chapel 
at  Hannah  More  Acadenn-  (St.  Michaels)  which  pur- 
pose the  Vestr}-  instructed  its  delegates  to  resist. 

As  indicating  one  of  the  contentions  of  that  j-ear 
the  resolution  appears  on  the  minutes,  "That  this 
Vestr}'  approve  of  the  course  of  Dr.  Johns  in  preaching 
in  the  Eutaw  Street  (Methodists  Church  and  that  our 
delegates  be  and  are  hereb\-  instructed  to  support  him 
therein."  The  second  volume  of  Vestr}-  proceedings 
closes    April    i,    1854,    with   the    resolution    that    "the 


106  Xlbe  ©arrlBon  Cburcb. 

thanks  of  this  Vestry  be  presented  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Walker  for  the  beautiful  step  which  he  has  purchased 
and  caused  to  be  laid  at  the  front  door  of  the  church." 

The  new  record  book  opens  January  i,  1855,  and 
the  first  entry,  evidentl}^  proceeding  from  a  physician, 
(Dr.  Councilman)  reads  as  follows  :  "As  the  venerable 
old  stove  which  has  so  long  occupied  a  situation  in  the 
aisle  shows  decided  sj'Uiptoms  of  decrepitude  and  old 
age ;  and,  besides  the  numerous  cracks  in  its  plate  and 
sides,  has  already  parted  with  its  diaphragm,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  provide  a  substitute,  Thomas  Cradock  is 
appointed  to  make  the  necessary  inquiries  as  to  a  coal 
stove." 

September  21,  1858,  there  is  a  minute  of  the  death 
of  Richard  H.  Owen  which  records  "with  gratitude  the 
lively  and  deep  interest  our  deceased  associate  ever 
manifested  for  the  prosperit}^  of  this  Church,"  and 
eulogizes  "the  many  social  and  Christian  virtues  which 
endeared  him  to  us."  In  the  register  of  burials  there 
is  this  entr}' :  "Died  in  Baltimore,  at  his  nephew's,  R. 
F.  Ma3aiard,  on  the  eighteenth  of  September,  1858,  R. 
H.  Owen,  in  the  eighty-second  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Thomas',  on  the 
twentieth,  by  the  Rector  of  this  chiirch.  He  was  a 
devoted  member  and  communicant  of  St.  Thomas'  for 
more  than  fortj^-five  ^^ears  and  for  mau}^  years  an  active 
and  efficient  vestryman,  warden  and  treasurer  of  the 
same,  and  also  a  devoted  friend  of  the  Rector.  (Signed) 
W.  F.  Lockwood."     He  was  delegate  to  the  Diocesan 


Dr  James  if.  ffl5a\?nar^.  107 

Convention  coutinuously  from  1S44  to  1858.  Mr. 
Owen  lived  at  "Plinhimmon,"  about  a  mile  west  of 
where  McDonogli  School  is  now  located.  He  was  a 
bachelor  and  his  two  sisters  lived  with  him.  One  of 
these  sisters  was  a  widow,  Mrs.  Maynard,  whose  hus- 
band had  died  when  her  son,  Richard  F.  Maynard, 
(whose  name  will  appear  again)  was  only  two  years  old. 
Mr.  Owen  is  still  remembered  (1898)  for  his  courteous 
manners  as  well  as  for  his  gentleness  and  goodness. 

The  next  entry  outside  the  routine  of  elections  and 
treasurer's  reports  is  the  minute  on  August  12,  1861, 
of  the  death  (June  8,  1861)  of  Dr.  James  F.  Maynard, 
"a  firm  and  efificient  friend  of  the  Church."  The  Rec- 
tor in  his  record  speaks  of  him  as  "a  man  of  intelli- 
gence, of  pious  education,  a  great  and  most  valuable 
friend  of  the  Rector."  His  kind  disposition  toward  the 
Church  was  faithfull}'  carried  out  by  his  brother  and 
executor,  Mr.  Richard  F.  Maynard,  who  succeeded  him 
as  a  member  of  the  Vestr}-.  The  much-needed  vestry- 
room  was  built  as  a  memorial  of  him.  One  thousand 
dollars  was  also  presented  from  his  estate,  "the  interest 
of  which  was  to  be  expended  for  keeping  in  order  the 
church  grounds."  The  legacy  of  four  thousand  dollars 
was  also  received  from  the  same  estate  "the  interest 
thereof  to  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  indigent 
students  at  the  Alexandria  Theological  Seminary"  and 
the  Vestry  was  empowered  by  Act  of  Legislature,  1868, 
to  accept  the  trust  for  this  purpose.  Dr.  Maynard  in 
this  wa}'  made  for  himself  a  most  enduring  memorial 


108  XEbe  ©arrtson  Cburcb. 

in  the  parish  ;  and  for  more  than  thirt}'  years  the  interest 
of  this  fnnd  has  supported  one  student  each  year  at  the 
seminary,  and  there  are  many  men  in  the  ministry  of 
the  Church  now  who  were  enabled  to  pursue  their 
necessary  studies  by  this  beneficent  gift;  and  the 
good  work  goes  on.  There  have  been  few  legacies  to 
Church  work  in  this  parish,  and  Dr.  Maynard's  is  the 
largest. 

This  chapter  seems  chiefly  occupied  with  the 
record  of  death,  and  one  honored  name  must  be  added. 
Mr.  Edward  D.  Lyon  died  February  8,  1865.  He  was 
a  communicant,  a  member  of  the  Vestry  for  about 
twenty  j^ears,  the  treasurer  for  six  years,  and  delegate 
to  the  Convention  for  about  the  same  time. 

At  a  meeting  in  June,  1869,  it  was  determined  to 
collect  money  to  repair  the  church.  These  repairs 
were  quite  extensive,  and  cost,  according  to  an  entry, 
April  10,  1S71,  $3,049.  This  included  the  replacing  of 
the  picturesque  old  hip-roof  by  a  sharp-pitched  roof, 
which  changed  the  appearance  of  the  exterior  of  the 
church.  If  the  architect's  plan  of  a  tower  had  been 
carried  out,  the  proportions  and  lines  would  have  been 
better,  but  this  was  not  accomplished.  On  September 
7,  1873,  the  Rector  appointed  a  committee  to  decide  the 
most  suitable  way  of  spending  a  sum  of  money  given 
for  the  improvement  of  the  church.  It  was  decided  to 
more  "thoroughl}-  warm  and  ventilate  the  church  ;  to 
build  a  carriage-shed  ;  and  also  to  estimate  the  cost  of 
building  a  buttressed  tower  as   shown   in   the  original 


TLbc  pipe  ©rgan.  109 

drawing  for  repairing  the  church  ;  also  the  cost  of  the 
latter  with  a  gallery." 

At  the  Easter-Monda}-  meeting  of  the  Vestry  in 
1874  Mr.  Samuel  M.  Shoemaker  offered  to  gi\e  a  pipe 
organ,  which  was  gratefully  accepted,  and  a  committee 
appointed  to  build  "an  addition  to  the  church  on  the 
left  of  the  chancel  to  contain  the  new  instrument."  B\ 
the  "left  of  the  chancel"  the  Vestry  intended  the  north 
side  and  a  room  corresponding  to  the  vestrvroom  on 
the  south  side  was  accordingly  built.  These  rooms 
disappeared  in  the  improvements  of  1S90  when  the 
transepts  were  built  and  the  chancel  enlarged. 

The  gift  of  the  sweet-toned  organ  was  a  beautiful 
gift  and  has  from  that  time  until  the  present  greatly 
helped  the  services  in  the  old  church. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

St.  M.'^rk's-on-the-Hill. 

'AY  31,  1874,  marks  the  first  movement  in 
the  Vestry  toward  the  recognition  of  the 
work  which  had  begun  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Pikesville,  and  which  afterward 
developed  into  the  Church  of  St.  Mark's-on-the-Hill. 
A  committee  was  appointed  on  motion  of  Mr.  C.  Mor- 
ton Stewart,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Cradock,  Rogers, 
Maynard,  Wood  and  Harrison  "to  raise  funds  to  build 
or  provide  a  chapel  at  Pikesville,  which  chapel,  its  man- 
agement and  affairs,  shall  be  under  the  sole  and  exclu- 
sive control  of  the  Vestry  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  ;  that 
evening  ser\ace  may  be  held  there  throughout  the  year 
and  morning  service  at  such  seasons  as  may  be  deemed 
advisable  by  the  Rector  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  ;  also, 
that  an  assistant  be  provided  whose  dut}'  it  shall  be  to 
assist  at  divine  worship  at  St.  Thomas'  Church  every 
Sunda}-  morning  and  to  conduct  the  services  at  Pikes- 
ville in  the  evening."  Mr.  Stewart  was  added  to  the 
committee. 

-    A  week  later  the  committee  reported  :    "  First,  That 
the    Rector's    salary    be    increased    to    $850."      (The 


TTbe  Cburcb  Xane  /lDacaBaml3e&.  Ill 

average  salary  for  several  years  had  not  exceeded  $650. ) 

"Second,  That  nntil  the  purchase  or  erection  of  a 
chapel  be  completed  ;  or  until  an  Assistant  Rector  be 
chosen,  it  is  deemed  inexpedient  to  raise  the  question 
of  the  salarv  of  said  assistant." 

The  next  Sunday,  June  14th,  the  committee  ap- 
pointed to  negotiate  the  purchase  of  the  Methodist 
chapel  at  Pikesville  reported  that  the  owner  estimated  its 
value  at  $4,200,  a  price  which  they  considered  too  high. 

On  Sunday,  June  2  ist,  the  committee  again  reported 
and  were  directed  to  accept  the  terms.  Mr.  Chas.  K. 
Harrison  was  authorized  to  open  books  of  subscription 
to  raise  the  required  amount.  The  Vestr}-  records  do 
not  show  the  result  of  all  this  effort,  nor  the  names  of 
the  subscribers,  nor  the  fact  that  at  this  time  and  for 
several  years  there  were  assistant  ministers  appointed. 

Easter  Monday,  April  2,  1877,  Messrs.  Cradock 
and  Ma3-nard,  who  had  been  previousl}-  appointed  as  a 
committee  "  to  raise  mone}-  and  construct  a  turnpike 
from  the  Reisterstown  Road  to  the  Garrison  Church," 
reported  "  the  total  subscriptions  in  cash  and  labor  for 
that  purpose  to  be  $1,661.30,  and  the  total  amount  ex- 
pended to  date  $1,636.06,  leaving  a  balance  of  $25.24," 
which  the  committee  was  ordered  to  use  when  necessary 
in  repairing  the  road.  The  value  of  this  improvement 
cannot  be  too  highl}'  appreciated.  Up  to  this  time  there 
were  often  days  in  the  winter  and  early  spring  when 
the  church  was  almost  inaccessible  on  account  of  the 
wretched  roads. 


112  ^be  Garrison  Cburcb. 

It  was  probably  this  year  that  the  parish  school- 
house  was  built,  though  there  is  nothing  in  the  records 
to  show  it.  The  first  notice  of  it  is  the  minute,  Octo- 
ber I,  1878,  that  "  The  claim  of  Hopkins  and  Marshall 
($406.10)  for  repairs  done  to  schoolhouse  in  conse- 
quence of  storm  was  read  to  the  Vestry.  Claim  denied 
on  ground  that  the  work  had  not  been  well  done  origi- 
nally, and  that  said  repairs  were  done  without  sanction 
of  the  Vestry." 

The  suit  of  the  builders  resulted  in  a  judgment 
against  the  church  in  1882  for  about  $525,  and  was  paid 
out  of  a  legac}-  of  Mr.  Cardiff  Tagart. 

In  January,  1879,  the  Rev.  W.  Strother  Jones  was 
invited  to  become  the  assistant  to  the  Rector,  and  on 
April  I,  1S79,  he  was  regularly  elected  the  assistant 
minister  at  a  salary  of  $Soo  a  year.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  Vestry,  October  10,  1880,  Mr.  Charles  Morton 
Stewart  "  spoke  of  the  offer  of  Mr.  John  N.  Carroll  to 
give  a  bell  in  case  a  tower  was  erected,  and  reported 
favorable  progress  toward  obtaining  the  funds  necessary- 
to  build  it.  The -cost  was  estimated  at  $1,700  and  he 
had  $1,250  in  hand.  The  proposition  to  build  this 
tower  had  been  previously  accepted,  and  the  matter  was 
left  in  Mr.  Stewart's  hands." 

April  3,  1S83,  there  is  the  following  minute  :  "The 
Rev.  William  F.  Lockwood,  for  many  years  Rector  of 
this  church,  died  after  a  lingering  illness  at  the  rectory, 
on  the  first  inst.,  and  was  buried  in  his  family  lot  this 
evening ;  a  number  of  clergymen  ofEciating  and  a  large 


M.  Strotber  3onc3.  ■  113 

concourse  of  people  being  present."  Immediately  after 
the  service  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  took  place  in  the 
church,  and  resolutions  of  s^-mpathy  with  the  bereaved 
faniil}-  were  adopted,  and  the  use  of  the  rectory-  tendered 
them  for  the  ensuing  3-ear. 

Thus  ended  the  longest  rectorate  of  St.  Thomas' 
Parish,  extending  over  thirty  years.  Mr.  Lockwood  was 
highly  beloved  and  respected,  and  was  an  excellent 
preacher.  His  stipend  was  insufficient,  and  it  was 
necessary-  for  him  to  keep  a  school,  by  which  he  sup- 
ported and  educated  his  children.  For  nearly  ten  years 
before  his  death  his  health  was  not  equal  to  the  per- 
fornuince  of  all  his  parochial  work,  and  the  Vestry  pro- 
vided an  assistant.  Among  those  who  served  the 
Church  in  this  capacity  were  :  Rev.  William  A.  Alrich, 
now  Rector  of  St.  George's  Parisli,  Spesutia,  Md.;  Rev. 
Charles  C.  Randolph,  now  Rector  of  Botetourt  Parish, 
\'irginia,  and  Rev.  \V.  Strother  Jones,  who,  on  his  death, 
was  chosen  Rector. 

Mr.  Jones  is  a  grandson  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall, 
and  was  born  on  the  estate  "Oak  Hill,"  of  the  Chief 
Justice,  in  Fauquier  County,  Va.,  in  1853.  He  was 
educated  at  Winchester,  and  pursued  his  collegiate 
studies  at  Washington  and  Lee  Universit}-,  and  took  the 
theological  course  at  the  seminary  near  Alexandria. 
He  was  ordained  b}-  Bishop  Whittle  as  Deacon  in  1876, 
and  as  priest  in  1877.  His  first  parish  was  Emmanuel, 
Casaanova,  Fauquier  County,  \'a.,  from  which  parish 
he  came  to  Garrison  Forest. 


114  Ube  (Barrtson  (Iburcb. 

The  records  of  1884  show  the  begiiining  of  the 
movement  for  enlarging  of  the  church.  There  were 
various  propositions,  but  nothing  was  done,  and  the 
death  of  Mr.  Samuel  M.  Shoemaker,  June  i,  1884,  whose 
liberality  and  deep  interest  had  been  an  inspiration  of 
progress,  prevented  the  early  consummation  of  this  pur- 
pose. Mr.  Samuel  Moor  Shoemaker  was  born  June 
28,  182 1,  at  Ba3'on  La  Foruche,  La.  He  was  baptized 
in  this  parish,  as  the  records  show,  in  1823,  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Austin.  The  record  reads,  "  Samuel  Moor,  born 
June  28,  182 1,  son  of  Samuel  E.  and  Sally  Shoemaker; 
baptized   September   14,  1823,  by  Mr.  Austin." 

Mr.  Shoemaker  was  educated  at  Lafayette  College. 
December  28,  1853,  he  manned  Augusta  Chambers, 
daughter  of  Judge  John  B.  Eccleston  of  Kent  County, 
Md.  He  engaged  in  the  transportation  business,  and 
when  Mr.  Adams  and  his  associates  extended  their 
business  as  far  as  Philadelphia  the}-  found  the  "Sanford 
&  Shoemaker  Express"  running  between  that  point 
and  Baltimore.  A  combination  was  made  and  "Adams 
Co.'s  Express"  was  formed,  which  was  afterwards  made 
the  "Adams  Express  Co."  Mr.  Shoemaker  was,  from 
the  beginning,  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
Board  of  Managers,  and  for  a  number  of  years  Vice 
President  of  the  company. 

He  was  a  vestryman  of  the  parish  from  i870-'73 
and  from  i88o-'84. 

In  the  record  of  deaths  the  Rector  at  that  time 
made    the     entry,    "  Mr.    Shoemaker    was    a    sincere 


/IDr.  Jones  IResigns.  115 

Christian.  For  several  years  he  had  been  a  coni- 
nmnicant   and   an   active  vestryman." 

Another  useful  and  honored  vestryman,  Mr. 
Alexander   Riddell,  died  January  2,  18S5. 

The  Vestr\-  this  3-ear,  1885,  undertook  to  provide 
for  the  better  heating  of  the  church  in  winter  b}'  dig- 
ging a  small  cellar  in  which  a  furnace  was  placed. 

For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  parish  the 
Bishop  (the  Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  Paret)  was  present  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Vestr3%  January-  14,  1886,  and  spoke  of  the 
insufficiency  of  the  Rector's  stipend  and  it  was  there- 
upon resolved  to  increase  it  by  the  sum  of  $200,  making 
it  $1,000,  beginning  March  ist.  The  Vestry  records  for 
several  3'ears  show  nothing  of  general  interest. 

September  14,  1888,  the  Rev.  W.  Strother  Jones 
resigned  as  Rector  and  the  Vestrj'  expressed  "their 
regret  at  the  se\-erance  of  the  pleasant  relations  which 
had  existed  between  him  and  them  for  the  past  eight 
years." 

The  Vestr}-  proceedings  cannot  be  taken  as  any 
fair  indication  of  the  faithful  work  of  Mr.  Jones.  The 
baptisms  and  confirmations  are  a  better  index  of  his 
labors,  and  the  parish  school  which  he  started  for  poor 
children,  and  the  growth  of  the  Sunday  School  tell  the 
storv  of  his  earnest  eflforts. 

His  ministry  in  this  parish,  both  as  the  assistant 
minister  and  as  Rector,  was  marked  with  energy  and 
faithfulness.  Upon  resigning  St.  Thomas'  Parish  he 
became    the    Rector    of    St.    Paul's    Church,    Fairfield, 


116  Hbe  Garrison  Gburcb. 

Conn.,  where  he  remained  until  1896,  whence  he  was 
called  to  St.  Michael's  Church,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  where 
he  is  now  Rector  (1898).  He  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  in  Divinity,  1894,  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  Lexington,  Va. 


CHAPTER  X\'II. 
HoBART  Smith. 


\sy^  HE   PARISH  remained  vacant  two  niontlis. 
|g      November     17,    1888,    the     Rev.    Hobart 


^      Smith,     Rector    of    Henshaw    Memorial 
Chtirch,    Baltimore,   was    elected    Rector. 
He  accepted,  to  begin  hi.s  dnties  Christmas  Day. 

On  February  6,  1889,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
take  into  consideration  the  enlarging  of  the  church 
building.  On  March  12th,  the  committee  made  a 
report  submitting  a  plan  for  the  enlargement  of  the 
church,  and  for  the  restoration  of  the  roof,  "hipped, 
ill  the  st3'le  of  the  age  in  which  the  church  was  built." 
It  also  proposed  the  addition  of  a  tower;  and  "the 
changing  of  pews  so  as  to  give  a  middle  aisle  six  feet 
wide  and  two  side  aisles  two  feet,  four  inches  wide." 
The  Rector  objected  to  the  change  of  the  aisle  as 
removing  one  of  the  marked  colonial  features  of  the 
church ;  and  as  there  were  other  objections,  no  decision 
was  reached.  The  Rector  was  authorized  to  have  a 
brass  tablet  placed  in  the  chancel  to  the  memor}-  of  the 
Rectors  who  died  in  the  parish,  which  tablet  was  pro- 
\ided    by    the    generosity    of   one    of   the  Vestrv,   Mr. 


1 18  TLbc  ©arrlBon  Cburcb. 

Charles  Morton  Stewart,  and  placed  in  position  on 
Easter-Daj'. 

About  this  time  the  new  part  of  the  churchyard 
was  laid  off  in  lots  marked  b}'  stone  posts ;  a  hedge  of 
arbor  vitse  was  planted,  and  the  prices  of  lots  fixed. 

On  January  20,  1890,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  it 
was  decided  to  accept  the  majority  report  of  the  com- 
mittee, which  provided  for  the  adding  of  a  transept  and 
chancel  at  the  east  end  of  the  church ;  and  the  same 
committee  was  authorized  to  obtain  plans  from  Messrs. 
Wj'att  and  Nolting,  Architects;  and  also  to  solicit 
subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $4,000  from  the  con- 
gregation. 

March  17th,  the  committee  (consisting  of  Mr. 
William  Checkley  Shaw,  Mr.  R.  F.  Maynard,  and  Mr. 
S.  M.  Shoemaker)  reported  the  estimates  of  cost  and  the 
amount  subscribed.  The  lowest  estimate  was  $5,909.50, 
and  the  subscriptions  amounted  to  $2,740.00. 

March  24th  the  Vestry  met  again  and  the  follow- 
ing letter  was  received. — "Baltimore,  March  20,  1890. 
To  the  Vestry  of  St.  Thomas'  Church,  Gentlemen — 
Since  the  agitation  of  the  extension  of  St.  Thomas' 
Church  commenced,  I  have  determined  to  request  your 
body  to  allow  me  the  privilege  of  paying  the  amount 
named  b}'  the  contractor  for  the  work.  My  object  is  to 
accomplish  a  long  cherished  desire — to  erect  a  fitting 
memorial  to  ni}-  faniil}',  to  which  I  owe  so  much, 
and  of  which  I  am  the  sole  survivor.  This  offer  I 
know  is  amenable  to  the  imputation  of  selfishness,  but 


/IDr.  Xlagart's  Cencrous  (Bift.  119 

will,  I  hope,  be  deemed  b}-  3-011  laudable  in  the  motive. 
It  will  enable  me  to  possess  the  consciousness  of  aiding 
vou  in  supplying  more  seating  room  for  the  poor,  but 
worthy,  residents  free  of  any  charge,  which  has  caused 
our  Rector  and  yourselves  so  much  anxiety.  I  would 
in  this  connection  be  glad  to  know  that  you  would 
assign  one  free  pew  to  the  matron  and  faculty  of 
McDonogh  Institute.  Ver}-  truly,  your  friend,  S.  H. 
Tagart." 

This  offer  was  gratefully  accepted,  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Cradock  and  Mr.  R.  F.  Maynard  were  appointed  with 
the  Rector  to  signify  to  Mr.  Tagart  the  appreciation  of 
his  generous  gift.  "The  Building  Committee  was  then 
authorized  to  contract  with  Mr.  John  Cowan." 

On  Easter  Monday  (April  6,  1S90,)  it  was  decided 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  builder  to  put  a  cellar 
under  the  entire  new  part  of  the  church  at  a  cost  of 
$467;  also  to  have  water  introduced  into  the  rectory  and 
necessar\-  repairs  made.  In  view  of  these  and  other  im- 
provements subscribers  were  asked  not  to  withdraw  sub- 
scriptions made  previously  to  Mr.  Tagart's  generous 
offer. 

Mr.  John   N.   Carroll,   of    "the   Caves,"   offered   to 
donate  a   bell,  which  was  accepted. 
The  total    cost  of  the  church   improvement 

was .      .      .       $8,162  07 

The  amount  expended  on  the  rectory  was     .         77S   16 


Total  cost  of  improvements     .      .       $8,940  23 


120  TIbe  Garrison  Cburcb 

This  was  covered  by  subscriptions,  a  list  of  wliicli 
will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

On  October  ist  the  Church  was  formally  re-opened 
for  divine  worship  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  Paret,  Bishop 
of  Mar3'land.  The  clergy  present  were  Rev.  A.  J. 
Rich,  Dean  of  the  Convocation  ;  Rev.  Hobart  Smith, 
the  Rector  of  the  church  ;  Rev.  J.  H.  Eccleston.  D.  D., 
who  preached  the  sermon  ;  Revs.  Hall  Harrison,  Geo. 
A.  Leakin,  Frederick  Gibson,  A.  P.  Stryker,  A.  T.  Pin- 
dell,  Edward  P.  Gray,  Geo.  K.  Warner,  Robert  H. 
Paine,  Edw.  H.  Ingle,  J.  H.  Logic,  W.  H.  H.  Powers, 
Duncan  McCulloch,  R.  A.  Mayo,  Edw.  T.  Lawrence, 
Charles  Gauss,  Alex.  M.  Rich  and  Mason  Str3'ker. 

Mr.  Charles  Morton  Stewart,  on  behalf  the  Vestry, 
made  an  address.  A  large  congregation  was  present. 
After  the  service  an  abundant  collation  was  served. 

September  3,  1891,  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Tagart  asked 
the  permission  of  the  Yestr}-  to  place  in  the  chancel 
three  stained  glass  windows  as  a  memorial  to  his  wife 
(Sarah  Mifflin  Large),  which  permission  was  granted. 
The  windows  were  designed  and  executed  by  Mr.  John 
La  Farge,  of  New  York,  and  are  of  opalescent  glass. 
The  theme  is  the  Ascension.  Thej^  were  placed  in  the 
church  by  the  following  Easter  Day,  but  Mr.  Tagart 
did  not  live  to  see  them.  He  died  March  19,  1892,  aged 
eighty-one  years.  He  was  buried  in  the  churchyard — 
the  last  of  all  his  family — Monday,  March  21st. 

Mr.  Tagart  was  born  about  two  miles  north  of  the 
church    in    181 1.      He    was    educated    at    the  Garrison 


THE    (iARRISOX    CHURCH,     189I. 


©lie  ■|3un^rc6  an&  Jfifiieib  anntversar?.        121 

Forest  Acadeni}-,  and  studied  law  at  Staunton,  Va.,  under 
General  Baldwin.  He  was  a  successful  lawyer,  and  was 
associated  with  Mr.  I.  Nevitt  Steele.  Mr.  Steele  early 
gained  a  high  reputation  in  pleading.  Mr.  Tagart  was 
equally  successful  in  securing  public  confidence,  and  was 
greatly  sought  as  trustee  and  executor  for  large  estates. 
In  all  the  trusts  committed  to  him  ther-e  was  never  a 
blemish  on  his  integrity.  Mr.  Tagart  was  one  of  the 
first  trustees  of  the  McDonogh  Fund,  and  for  many 
years,  and  to  the  dav  of  his  death,  the  president  of  the 
Board,  and  it  was  througli  his  watchfulness  and  pru- 
dence that  the  endowment  was  increased.  He  be- 
queathed to  the  McDonogh  School  nearly  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars. 

In  his  later  years  he  was  deeply  interested  in  the 
old  parish  church,  imder  the  shadow  of  which  he  had  been 
born  and  where  all  his  family  were  buried.  He  became 
a  communicant  in  1881  and  was  elected  vestr^-man  on 
Eastei'-Monda\',  1SS4.  His  interest  was  unfailing  and 
he  would  drive  every  Sunday  from  the  city,  even  in 
winter  weather,  and  be  punctually  in  his  seat  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  service. 

Mr.  George  N.  Moale  was  elected  to  the  \'estry  to 
succeed  Mr.  Tagart. 

October  15,  1S92,  the  parish  celebrated  the  one 
hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  Act  of  Asseni- 
bl\-  b\-  which  it  was  incorporated.  Addresses  were 
made  b}-  the  Rt.  Re\-.  Benjamin  Wistar  Morris,  Bishop 
of  Oregon  ;  Re\-.  J.   E.  Grammer,  D.  D.,  of  Baltimore, 


122  Xlbe  (Barrisou  (Il)urcb. 

and  others.  The  Rector  read  a  sketch  of  the  history- 
of  tlie  parish.  There  was  a  large  congregation  present 
and  great  interest  manifested. 

One  important  matter  has  been  omitted  from  the 
minutes  of  the  Vestry.  The  chancel  had  been  fur- 
nished by  the  liberality  of  Mrs.  S.  M.  Shoemaker. 
The  communion  table,  designed  bj-  Messrs.  Wyatt  & 
Nolting,  made  of  stone,  a  beautifull}-  carved  prayer- 
stall  and  a  handsome  carpet,  were  her  gift.  Mrs.  Fred- 
erick W.  Brune  gave  most  careful  thought  to  the  entire 
work  of  suitably-  furnishing  the  chancel.  A  carved 
credence  table  was  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
Brooks.  A  white  marble  font,  beautifully  designed  and 
executed,  was  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Wm.  Fell  Johnson. 

There  is  a  little  more  to  record  in  the  succeeding 
years,  up  to  the  date  of  this  publication,  but  the  quiet 
growth  of  interest  and  the  steady  progress  toward  the 
fulfilment  of  its  dut}'  as  a  parish  church.  The  classes 
presented  to  the  Bishop  have  not  been  large  but  thej' 
have  included  some  of  the  older  men,  who  for  years  had 
served  the  Chiirch,  and  also  some  of  the  3'oung  men 
ready  to  serve  it  now.  The  contributions  to  parochial 
and  mission  work  have  largely  increased,  and  the  old 
church  holds  her  place  in  the  progress  of  the  day. 
Fift}'  years  from  now  these  records,  which  seem  unim- 
portant because  recent,  will  be  studied  with  an  interest 
equal  to  that  with  which  we  have  followed  those  of  fiftj' 
years  ago. 

Dr.  Ethan  Allen  closed  his  record  with  a  comparative 


(Brownb  ot  tbe  parisb.  123 

view  of  the  parish,  taking  the  dates  1770  and  1852. 
This  view  showed  an  increase  of  the  number  of 
churches,  or  chapels,  from  one  to  nine,  but  a  decrease 
of  communicants  in  all  these  cluirches,  compared  with 
the  number  in  St.  Thomas'  Church  alone  in  1770;  but 
Dr.  Allen  found  some  comfort  by  making  another  com- 
parison between  1S52  and  1S14  when,  after  the  years 
of  desolation,  "there  was  one  church,  one  chapel  in 
ruins,  and  it  is  not  known  that  there  were  any  com- 
municants ;"  and  he  fondU'  anticipated  great  growth  in 
the  fort}^  3^ears  to  come,  since  there  were  so  many  more 
clerg}'  and  places  of  worship.  This  dream  has  been 
realized. 

Within  the  limits  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  as  consti- 
tuted in  1742  there  are  now  seven  parishes  or  organized 
congregations,  with  ten  churches  and  chapels,  656  com- 
municants, raising  and  appropriating  $10,371.95  last 
year(  1897)  forparish,  diocesan  and  general  bene^'olences. 
There  was  a  total  number  of  services  in  these  churches 
last  j-ear  of  1,774;  the  Holy  Communion  was  cele- 
brated publicly  586  times.  In  the  appendix  will  be 
found  a  tabular  statement  in  which  it  will  appear  that 
the  old  parish  led  all  the  otliers  within  its  ancient 
boimds  in  the  amount  raised  for  parochial  uses  and  also 
in  moneys  appropriated  to  diocesan  and  general  mis- 
sionary purposes. 

This  period  of  the  parisli  liistor\-  closes,  as  the 
other  periods  have  closed,  with  tlie  memorial  of  useful 
and  honored  lives. 


124  Hbe  Garrison  (Iburcb. 

Died,  July  i6,  1896.  Thomas  Cradock,  aged  sev- 
enty-seven years. 

Died  January  14,  1897,  Richard  F.  Maynard,  aged 
eighty-one  years. 

The  Vestry  minute  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Cradock 
is  as  follows  : 

^''Resolved,  That  we  bear  record  to  the  fidelity  of 
Thomas  Cradock  in  his  double  capacity  as  senior  war- 
den and  vestryman  ;  to  his  never-failing  interest  in  the 
duties  of  his  position  ;  to  his  patience  and  generosity 
as  a  Christian  ;  and  to  his  honor  as  a  gentleman." 

The  minute  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Maynard  is  as 
follows : 

"The  Rector  and  Vestrv  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish 
hereby  place  on  record  the  testimonial  of  their  love  and 
esteem  for  their  late  colleague,  Richard  F.  Maynard. 
Elected  vestryman  August  12,  1 861,  treasurer  March  S, 
1865,  and  warden  siibsequenth--,  he  held  all  these  offices 
continuously  to  the  day  of  his  death,  and  performed  their 
duties  with  a  love  for  the  Church  and  a  conscientious 
carefiilness  and  faithfulness  long  to  be  remembered. 
Strong  in  his  convictions,  fearless  and  outspoken  in 
their  support,  he  had  the  unusual  grace  to  retain  the 
affection  of  those  with  whom  he  differed.  His  purity 
and  high  sense  of  honor,  his  absolute  integrity  and 
faithfulness  commended  his  life  alwaA's  to  all  true 
men." 

These  two  -vesti-ymen  and  wardens,  life-long 
friends,  devoted  alike    to  the  old  church,  entered   into 


Jfmts.  12o 

their  rest,  witli  but  a  brief  interval  between  the  times  of 
their  departure.  Thev  had  lived  to  see  the  church 
enlarged  and  beautified,  and  with  their  heart  and  soul 
alive  to  all  its  interests  they  continued  to  the  end  in  its 
service,  "in  the  coniniunion  of  the  Catholic  Church  ; 
in  the  confidence  of  a  certain  faith  ;  in  the  comfort  of 
a  reasonable,  religious  and  holy  hope;  and  in  perfect 
charit\-  with  the  M-orld." 


"PQJe  BPesB  (t^B  J^o^B  (Jlame  for  off  ^^g  scroaitta  beparfcb  t^is  fife  in 
$38  ft>i<3  «'<5>  ffor  ■■  Beseeching  $6ee  f 3  gtue  tie  grace  bo  fo  foffot»  f^eir 
goob  croinpfcD.  ifiai  iwiti}  i^cm  t»e  mag  Be  jjarfaKero  of  (tOg  l^eafjenfg  (^ingj 
bo.n.  (Sronf  i6i6,  (D  Sotljer,  for  3c6ub  Ct^riefe  safic,  our  oufg  (VHebiafor 
anb  ^boocofe.    (^mcn." 


IPavt  lU 

BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Vestrymen',  Wardens  and  others  Connected 
WITH   St.  Thomas'  Parish. 


^  A  « 


jec 


FRIENDLY 

CHARACTER! 


§ 


OF      THE      LATE 


Rev'*.  Thomas   Cradock,     | 

Reftor    of  St.   THOMAS's    Baltimore    County,      g 
MARYLAND.  B 

Who  departed   this   LIFE,   May-],    iT]°,    in   the  Fifty  Second 
Year  of  his  A^e. 


St    T  T E  was  univerfally  allowed  to  be  a  finccrc  Chrillian,  a  polidied  Schola 
S    1.  X  gant  and  perfualive  Preacher,  a  tender  Parent,  and  an  affeflionate  Huftiand  ; 

M    and  though  for  many  Years  by  the  Will  of  Providence  he  was  rcnder'd  incapable  of  %, 

^    performing  tlie  common  Offices  of  Life,  he  feldom  omitted  his  Duty  as  a  Minifter  M 

S    of  the  eftablifh'd  Church,    and  by  his  Charity,  Piety,   Benevolence,   and  w 

^    Hospitality,  he  had  the  rare  Felicity  of  rendering  Himfelf  acceptable  to  thofe  3^ 

of  a  different  Communion  with   himfelf,  and   to  every  other  Perfon    who  had  the  S 

Pleafure  of  his  Acquaintance  ;    nor  was  he  lefs  fortunate  in  his  domeftic  Happincl's.  Jj 

Confcious  to  Himfelf  of  his  own  Integrity,  he  never  fufpeded  that  of  Others,  and  ^ 

S    firmly  perfuaded  of  the  great  Importance  of  a  virtuous  Life,  he  met  Death  with  that  S 

S    calm  Rcfignation,  that  pleafingTranqullity  ib  effentlally  necetfary  in  the  Christian,  ^ 

fj    the  Scholar,  and  the  Gentleman:    If  he   had  any  Faults,  they  were  trivial,  S 

M    when  put  in  competition  with  his  Virtues.  ■^ 


I 


g 


Printed  by    THOMAS    W  O  R  R  A  L  L,    No.  99,   BijUpfgate  without.        g 


;29 


XLbc  (Bists.'" 

As  early  as  1684  Charles,  absolute  lord  and  proprietor  of 
Maryland,  granted  to  Richard  Gist  a  large  tract  of  land  now 
known  as  Cole's  Cares,  Green  Spring,  &c.  His  father,  Chris- 
topher Gist,  was  of  English  descent  and  settled  on  the  south 
branch  of  the  Patapsco  in  1682,  his  wife,  Edith  Cromwell, 
being,  it  is  said,  a  grand-daughter  of  the  Protector.  Richard 
was  surveyor  of  the  Western  Shore,  one  of  the  commissioners 
for  laying  off  Baltimore  Town  and  presiding  magistrate  in  1736. 
He  married  Zipporah  Murray  and  had  four  daughters  and  three 
sons,  Christopher,  Thomas  and  Nathaniel. 

It  was  this  Christopher  who,  in  1743,  sold  the  site  for  the 
church.  Because  of  his  knowledge  of  the  country  on  the  Ohio 
and  his  skill  in  dealing  with  the  Indians  he  was  chosen  to 
accompany  Washington  on  his  mission  in  1753,  and  it  is  from 
his  journal  that  all  historians  derive  their  account  of  the  expe- 
dition. He  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Joanna 
O'Carroll  Howard,  and  with  three  sons,  Nathaniel,  Thomas  and 
Richard,  was  with  Braddock  on  the  fatal  field  of  Monongahela. 
For  his  services  he  received  from  the  king  a  grant  of  12,000 
acres  in  Kentucky.  Thomas  was  taken  prisoner,  and  was  with 
the  Indians  in  Canada  for  fifteen  or  sixteen  years.  After  his 
release  he  lived  with  his  father  on  his  grant  in  Kentucky  and 
became  a  man  of  legal  fame.  Richard  married  and  settled  in 
South  Carolina,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  King's  Mount- 
ain. He  has  descendants  still  living  in  that  state.  Gen. 
Nathaniel  Gist  married  Judith  Cary  Bell,  of  Virginia.  He  was 
a  colonel  in  the  \'irginia  Line  during  the  Revolution  and  died 
early  in  the  present  century,  at  an  advanced  age,  leaving  two 
sons,  Henry  Cary  and  Thomas  Cecil.  His  eldest  daughter, 
Sarah  Howard,  married  Hon.  Jesse  Bledsoe,  United  States  Sen- 
ator from  Kentucky,  and  a  distinguished  jurist.     Nancy  married 


( 1 1     This  sketch  is  largely  taken  from  a  pamphlet,  entitled  "The  Gist  Family, 
piled  by  Mr,  Chas.  T.  Cockey,  1885. 


130 

Col.  Nathaniel  Hart,  a  brother  of  Mrs-  Henry  Clay.  Elizabeth 
Violetta  Howard  married  F.  P.  Blair  and  became  the  mother  of 
Hon.  Montgomery  Blair  and  F.  P.  Blair,  Jr.  The  fifth  daughter 
married  Benjamin  Gratz,  of  Lexington. 

Thomas,  son  of  Richard  and  Zipporah  Murray  Gist,  mar- 
ried in  1735  Susanna,  daughter  of  John  Cockey.  Their  house 
stood  in  the  hollow  west  frcm  the  pike  south  of  where  Mr.  Wm. 
Checkley  Shaw  now  lives  (1898).  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Observation  in  1774  and  was  elected  Colonel  of 
the  Soldiers'  Delight  Battalion,  but  there  is  no  record  of  his 
having  been  in  active  service.  He  had  two  daughters,  and 
five  sons,  John,  Thomas,  Gen.  Mordecai  Gist,  one  of  the 
most  noted  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  Richard,  Joshua  and 
David. 

Mordecai  Gist  was  engaged  in  business  in  Baltimore  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Non-importation 
Committee  in  1774,  and  captain  of  the  Independent  Cadets,  which 
he  organized.  In  1776  he  was  made  major  of  Smallwood's  First 
Maryland  Regiment,  and  commanded  it  at  the  famous  battle  of 
Long  Island  in  the  absence  of  its  colonel  and  lieutenant-colonel, 
who  were  attending  a  court  martial  in  New  York.  He  rose  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender 
of  Cornwallis.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolution  he  removed  to 
South  Carolina,  where  he  died  in  1792.  His  first  wife,  Cecil 
Carnan,  is  buried  with  her  child  in  St.  Thomas'  Churchyard. 
He  had  a  son.  Independence,  by  his  second  wife,  Mary  Sterrett, 
and  a  son,  States,  by  his  third  wife,  Mrs.  Cattell,  of  South 
Carolina. 

Joshua  Gist  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Carroll  County. 
During  the  administration  of  John  Adams  an  excise  duty  was 
laid  on  stills.  This  created  what  was  known  as  the  Whiskey 
Insurrection,  and  the  excitement  extended  to  what  is  now 
Carroll  County,  and  a  band  of  whiskey  adherents  marched  to 
Westminster  and  set  up  a  liberty  pole.  The  citizens  be- 
came alarmed  and  sent  for  Colonel  Joshua  Gist,  who  then 
commanded  a  regiment  of  militia,  and  was  known  to  be  a  brave 
and  fearless  man.  Mounting  his  horse  he  rode  into  town,  and, 
drawing  his  sword,  ordered  the  insurrectionists  to  cut  down  the 
pole.     He  then  placed  his  foot  upon  it  and  ordered  them  to  cut 


131 

it    ill   pieces.       "  Now,   go   home  !  "   was  the  final    command. 

He  died  in  1839,  aged  ninety-one  years,  and  was  buried  in 
the  Gist  family  graveyard  in  Carroll  County. 

David  Gist,  the  youngest  son  of  Thomas  and  Susan,  married 
Miss  Hammond,  and  it  is  said  eventually  removed  to  Kentucky. 
He  had  one  son,  Thomas  Hammond,  who  lived  on  the  site  of  the 
old  house  at  McDonogh  School,  married  Julia  A.  M.  Hammond, 
and  died  in  1832.  His  daughter,  Thomasina,  was  born  the  fol- 
lowing April,  and  in  1834  Mrs.  Gist  became  the  wife  of  Lewis 
C.  Leoin.  Thomasina  had  a  most  eventful,  adventurous  life. 
It  is  a  long  story. 

— K.  C. 

TLbc  1bo\var5a.'" 

The  Howards  were  living  in  what  is  now  St.  Thomas'  Parish 
as  far  back  as  1692.  Joshua  Howard,  the  emigrant,  was  from 
the  vicinity  of  Manchester,  where  at  Monmouth's  Rebellion  the 
people  turned  out  loyally  to  support  James  II.  Though  very 
young,  he  joined  them  and  marched  with  them  to  London. 
Monmouth  having  been  defeated  and  captured,  they  were  dis- 
banded, but  dreading  his  father's  displeasure  should  he  return 
home,  Howard  soon  after  left  England  and  came  to  America. 
Obtaining  a  grant  of  land  he  settled  in  the  "Forest,"  about  a 
mile  above  the  present  village  of  Pikesville.  Little  is  known 
of  him  subsequently,  except  that  he  married  Joanna  O'Carroll 
from  Ireland,  and  had  a  number  of  children — Francis,  Cornelius, 
Edmund,  Violetta,  Sarah,  Mary  and  Elizabeth. 

Francis,  the  oldest,  went  beyond  the  seas,  probably  to  Eng- 
land, and,  though  mentioned  in  his  father's  will,  afterwards 
disappeared  from  the  knowledge  or  tradition  of  the  family. 

Cornelius  inherited  "  Howard's  Square  "  and  married  Ruth 
Eager. 

Edmund  also  married  and  left  descendants. 

Violetta,  Sarah  and  Mary  married  William,  Christopher  and 
Nathaniel  Gist,  and  Elizabeth  Howard  became  the  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Welles.  She  had  two  suitors,  and  one  day  in  crossing  a 
stream  she  lost  her  seat  and  fell  into  the  water.     The   favored 

(l>     This  illforiimlioii  as  to  tlic  Howards  is  given  by  Mr.  Janus  Mclltnry  Howar<l 


132 

suitor  made  for  land,  but  Mr.  Welles  plunged  boldly  in  and 
rescued  her,  and  she  very  wisely  married  him. 

Joshua  Howard  died  in  1738,  and  with  his  wife  is  buried  on 
the  old  place,  the  stones  which  mark  their  graves  being  still 
visible  above  the  surface  of  the  ground  as  late  as  1848. 

Cornelius,  the  second  son  of  Joshua  Howard,  was  the  first 
church  warden  when  St.  Thomas'  Parish  was  organized,  and  a 
vestryman  for  many  years.  He  was  born  about  the  year  1706, 
and  married  Ruth,  daughter  of  John  Eager,  on  the  twenty -fourth 
of  January,  1738  Her  brother,  George,  having  been  lost  at  sea, 
she  became  sole  heiress  of  the  Eager  property,  which  the  growth 
of  the  town  made  ever}'  year  more  valuable,  and  upon  which  a 
large  part  of  Baltimore  is  now  built.  Mr.  Howard  also  acquired 
many  additional  acres  in  the  county  and  consolidated  the  tracts 
under  a  larger  patent  called  Rosland. 

He  and  his  wife  lived  and  died  on  the  old  place  now  owned 
by  Mr.  Graves,  but  he  took  a  prominent  share  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  town,  and  added  to  it  in  1765  "that  part  south  of 
Saratoga  Street,  between  Forest  (now  Charles)  and  Liberty,  in- 
cluding Conway  and  Barre  Streets. 

A  diary  says  that  in  18 12  an  old  house  which  belonged  to 
Mr.  Howard  stood  opposite  the  Hanover  Market,  and  that  his 
barn  and  stables  covered  the  site  of  the  market,  the  farm 
extending  towards  Spring  Gardens.  When  the  French  Acadians 
first  found  refuge  in  the  town  in  1756  he  allowed  them  to  sleep 
in  his  barnyard  which  they  covered  over  with  hay  and  straw. 

Cornelius  Howard  died  on  the  fourteenth  of  June,  1777,  and 
was  "the  only  prominent  man  connected  with  the  earliest  history 
of  Baltimore  who  died  during  the  Revolutionary  War." 

Mrs.  Howard  survived  him  a  number  of  years. 

Colonel  John  Eagek  Howard. 

Colonel  John  Eager  Howard,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 
heroes  of  the  Revolution,  was  born  on  the  fourth  of  June,  1752,  at 
the  old  house  the  ruins  of  which  are  still  seen.  He  was 
a  member  of  St.  Thomas'  Vestry  in  1775  and  1776,  a  member  of 
the  County  Committee  of  Observation  and  of  the  committee  to 
license  suits  at  law.  His  first  commission  was  that  of  captain 
*n  the  Soldiers'  Delight  Battalion  of  the  Flying  Camp.     He  was 


133 

with  Washington  at  White  Plains,  at  Monmouth,  Camden,  Guil- 
ford, Hobkirk's  Hill  and  Eutavv,  and  the  hero  of  Cowpeus,  where 
he  seized  the  critical  moment  and  turned  the  fortunes  of  the 
day.  At  one  time  he  held  in  his  hands  the  swords  of  seven 
British  officers  whom  he  had  taken  prisoners.  Congress  voted 
him  thanks  and  a  medal  for  his  services. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  he  married  Margaret  Chew, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Chew,  of  Philadelphia,  and  removed  to 
Baltimore  Town.  He  was  honored  by  being  three  times  elected 
Governor  of  the  State  and  twice  represented  Maryland  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  Washington  offered  him  a  seat  in  his  Cabi- 
net as  Secretary  of  War.  He  died  on  the  twelfth  day  of  October. 
1827,  and  few  men  have  been  more  truly  mourned  and  lamented. 

The  Howard  property  extended  over  the  pike,  its  lines  run- 
ning zigzag  with  the  L}'ons,  and  there  was  a  road  across  to 
"  Rosland  "  which  turned  in  the  north  side  of  the  lane  leading 
to  Mr    C.  Lyon  Rogers. 

Cornelius   Howard. 

Cornelius  Howard,  the  younger,  was  born  December  6, 
1754.  and  lived  where  the  Myers  now  own,  his  house  forming 
part  of  that  occupied  by  them.  Unlike  the  rest  of  his  family  he 
was  a  Tory  and  maintained  these  seatiments  to  the  end  of  his 
life,  having  to  pay  double  taxes  for  years  for  his  opinions.  But, 
though  in  a  hotbed  of  Whigs,  he,  strange  to  saj',  kept  the  good 
will  of  his  neighbors,  and  no  bitter  feeling  seems  to  have  been 
engendered  against  him. 

He  was  a  man  of  high  character,  with  strong  convictions  of 
right,  truthful  and  exact  to  a  fault.  He  possessed  the  confi- 
dence of  the  community,  many  differences  being  submitted  to 
his  judgment,  and  he  would  go  any  number  of  miles  to  settle  a 
dispute.  Mr.  Howard  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates  in  1793,  and  later  served  with  great  satisfaction  as 
Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court. 

He  and  his  sister,  Mrs.  Elder,  became  Methodists,  probably 
owing  to  the  depressed  state  of  the  church. 

He  died  a  bachelor  February  12,  1844,  having  reached 
the  age  of  ninety.  His  great  nephew,  Mr  George  H.  Elder, 
lived  with  him  and  took  the  place  of  a  son. 


134 

Mrs.  L,yoti  asked  him  one  day  why  he  did  not  marry.  Mr. 
Howard  did  not  answer  her,  but  in  the  course  of  a  few  days  en- 
closed her  some  newspaper  clippings  of  a  divorce  suit. 

JAMHS  Howard. 

James  Howard,  a  younger  son  of  Cornelius  and  Ruth,  was 
born  on  the  eighth  of  July,  1757,  and  was  known  as  "Jimmy  " 
Howard.  He  lived  at  the  old  home  place,  and  Miss  Nancy  Ash- 
man kept  house  for  him.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years  an 
active  and  efficient  vestryman,  and  at  one  time  treasurer  of  the 
church.  He  was  also  a  delegate  to  the  Diocesan  Conventions, 
and  acted  as  secretary  to  the  convention  in  1787. 

He  espoused  the  Revolutionary  cause,  and  held  a  lieuten- 
ant's commission  in  one  of  the  companies  which  were  raised.  He 
died  unmarried  on  the  eleventh  of  June,  1806. 

He  was  very  fond  of  his  dog  and  gun.  Upon  one  occasion 
he  had  a  beef  killed,  and  leaving  directions  for  it  to  be  cut  up 
and  put  away,  went  off  ducking.  On  his  return  the  beef  hung 
as  he  had  left  it,  his  dog  keeping  guard  and  refusing  to  allow  it 
to  be  touched.  His  horse  was  trained  with  much  care,  and  at 
the  word  of  command  would  drop  in  the  road  as  if  dead.  Some 
gentlemen  wanted  to  bet  Mr.  Howard  that  they  could  ride  the 
horse  past  him.  He  said  they  had  better  try  before  betting. 
General  Strieker  mounted,  but  when  the  horse  reached  Mr. 
Howard,  it  obeyed  his  command  to  lie  down. 

The  horse  dropped  in  the  road  one  day  to  the  great  conster- 
nation of  some  laborers  who  rushed  to  his  assistance  with  water 
in  their  hats  to  revive  him,  when  suddenly,  at  a  word  from  his 
master,  he  bounded  up  and  away. 

For  years  Mr.  Howard  was  a  martyr  to  the  gout,  and  when 
unable  to  walk  he  would  shoot  from  horseback,  the  horse  stand- 
ing perfectly  still  while  the  dogs  retrieved  the  game,  and  rearing 
up,  handed  it  to  him. 

— K.  C. 

Ubc  Ovvincjs. 

The  earliest  trace  of  the  Owens  and  Owings  in  Maryland 
is  found  in  the  Land  Records  at  Annapolis,  where  grants  of  land 


135 

are  recorded  to  Richard  Owens  (1654),  "Smith's  Neck,"  100 
acres,  near  South  River,  to  John  Owens  (1670),  "  Owens'  Pur- 
chase," 200  acres,  Charles  County ;  John  Owens  (1673),  "Swan's 
Point,"  on  Gunpowder  River,  Baltimore  County,  100  acres;  Col. 
Thomas  Taylor  in  behalf  of  Ann  Owens,  widow  of  Richard 
Owens,  merchant  (1684),  315  acres,  "Smith's  Neck,"  near 
South  River. 

In  1688  there  is  an  assignment  of  laud  by  William  Little  to 
Richard  Owings,  384  acres,  Elk  Ridge,  between  the  Patuxent 
and  Patapsco  Rivers,  "  Locust  Thicket." 

October  10,  1694.  A  grant  of  land  unto  Richard  Owings, 
of  Anne  Arundel  County,  450  acres,  called  "Owings'  Adven- 
ture," on  north  side  of  Patapsco  River. 

Samuel  Owings,  whose  name  appears  in  the  earliest  record 
of  St.  Thomas'  Parish,  was  the  son  of  Richard  and  Rachel  (Beale 
or  Bale)  Owings,  and  was  born  April  i,  1702,  in  a  little  house, 
part  stone  and  part  log,  two  rooms  below  and  two  above,  located 
in  "  Green  Spring  Punch,"  in  the  Green  Spring  Valley.  (This 
cottage  was  occupied  from  1700  until  1870  by  successive  genera- 
tions of  Owings,  the  house  being  enlarged  from  time  to  time.  It 
passed  in  1870  into  the  hands  of  the  '  Ashland  Iron  Company.") 

January  i,  1729,  "Samuel  Owings  was  marryed  to  Urath 
Randall,  daughter  to  Thomas  and  Hannah  Randall."  Urath 
Randall  was  born  January  i,  1713,  and  was  married  on  her 
sixteenth  birthday.  The  family  record  as  contained  in  Urath 
Randall's  Bible  is  a  model  of  exactness.  It  tells  not  only  the 
date,  but  also  the  hour  and  the  day  of  the  week  when  each  of 
the  eleven  children  was  born.  Bale,  May  r9,  1731;  Samuel, 
August  17,  1733;  Rachel,  May  2,  1736;  Urath,  June  26,  1738; 
Thomas,  October  18,  1740;  Hannah,  April  r7,  1743,  died  Janu- 
ary 2,  1745;  Christopher,  February  16,  1744;  Richard,  August 
26,  1746,  died  September  28,  1747;  Richard,  July  16,  1749; 
Hannah,  January  27,  1750;  Rebekah,  October  2r,  1746.  Urath 
married  Benjamin  F.  Lawrence;  Thomas  married  Ruth  Law- 
rence; Rebekah  married  Joshua  A.  Howard;  Hannah  married 
William  Cockey  (son  of  William  and  Constant  (Ashman) 
Cockey),  who  died  leaving  one  child,  Ruth;  she  afterwards  mar- 
ried Capt.  John  Stone;  by  this  second  marriage  she  had  five- 
children,  one  of  whom  (Martha)  married  Samuel  Stump. 


186 

Samuel  Owings  was  one  of  the  commissioners  under  the 
Act  of  Assembly  of  1742  to  select  and  purchase  the  site  of  St. 
Thomas'  Church,  and  to  receive  subscriptions  toward  building 
it.  He  was  one  of  his  majesty's  justices  for  the  county.  He 
was  vestryman   1750-52  and  registrar  1753-57.     He  died   April 

6,  1775- 

Samuel  Owings,  Jr.,  the  second  son  of  Samuel  and  Urath 
Owings  (born  August  17,  1733),  married  Deborah  Lynch, 
daughter  of  William  and  Elinor  Lynch,  of  "  Pomona,"  October 
6,  1765.  They  went  to  live  in  a  small  stone  and  frame  house 
which  is  still  standing  as  a  part  of  the  house  now  (1898)  owned 
and  occupied  by  Mrs.  Wells,  one-half  mile  west  of  Owings' 
Mills.  Mr.  Owings  afterward  built  a  brick  dwelling,  a  part  of 
the  house  now  (1898)  owned  by  Mr.  E.  Lynn  Painter.  He 
called  the  place  Ulm,  the  letters  of  which  U.  L.  M.  stood  for 
"Upper,"  "  Lower  "  and  "Middle"  Mills,  three  mills  which 
he  owned;  the  present  "  Eureka "  flour  mill,  a  plaster  mill 
(now  transformed  into  a  dwelling  and  owned  by  Mrs.  Har- 
mon), and  a  grist  mill  now  owned  by  Mr.  E.  Lynn  Painter.  The 
stamp  of  these  mills  was  II.  L.  M.  During  the  Revolution  the 
magistrates  were  ordered  to  seize  all  the  wheat  for  food  for  the 
army.  John  Moale  went  to  Sam  Owings,  who  called  his  atten- 
tion to  the  fine  bran  in  his  barn.  Mr.  Moale  ran  his  cane 
through  the  bran  and  struck  boards,  under  which  it  seems  Mr. 
Owings  had  his  wheat  concealed.  He  was  suspected  of  a  lean- 
ing towards  the  Tories.  He  also  erected  another  brick  grist 
mill,  which,  in  1848,  was  torn  down  and  the  material  used  to 
build  the  house  in  which  Mr.  John  Reese  now  lives.  In  his  day 
the  facilities  of  transportation  were  not  great,  and  Mr.  Owings 
must  have  been  a  man  of  immense  energy  to  accomplish  the 
securing  of  large  quantities  of  wheat  and  shipping  the  flour. 
There  are  twenty-nine  grants  of  land  recorded  in  his  name, 
aggregating  13,891  acres.  These  grants  extend  through  Anne 
Arundel,  Baltimore  and  Frederick  Counties,  much  of  the  land 
being  immediately  around  Frederick.  He  also  owned  a  ship- 
ping house  in  Baltimore  Town.  This  Samuel  Owings  gave  the 
ground  (four  acres)  where  the  rectory  now  stands,  and  afterward 
sold  the  vestry  thirty  acres  more  at  $20  per  acre.  He  was  ves- 
tryman 1792-1803.     He  died  in  1803. 


137 

His  childien  were:  William,  born  May  5,  1767,  and  mar- 
ried Ann  Halderman;  Urath,  born  February-  22,  1769,  married 
John  Cromwell,  December  6,  1787;  Samuel,  born  April  3,  1770, 
married  Ruth  Cockey,  March  22,  1791;  Eleanor,  born  February 
7,  1772,  married  Thomas  Moale,  March  21,  1793,  died  October 
25,  1853;  Sarah,  born  December  25,  1773,  married  James  Win- 
chester, March  21,  1793;  Rebecca,  born  January  12,  1776; 
Deborah,  born  November  14,  1777,  married  Peter  Hoffman,  May 
16,  1799;  Frances,  born  September  30,  1779,  married  Robert 
North  Moale,  July  2,  1801;  Rachel,  born  August  27,  1781,  died 
October  19,  1782;  Mary,  born  March  27,  1784,  married  Richard 
Cromwell,  February  6, 1800;  Ann,  born  December  20,  1785,  mar- 
ried George  Winchester;  Beale,  born  November,  1791,  married 
Eleanora  Magruder. 

Samuel  Owings  (3d),  born  April  3,  1770,  married  Ruth 
Cockey,  his  cousin,  March  22,  1791.  He  inherited  from  his 
grandfather,  Samuel  Owings  (ist),  the  old  homestead,  '  Green 
Spring  Punch."  They  had  thirteen  children,  six  of  whom 
lived;  Deborah  married  Henry  Stevenson,  Hannah  married  Wil- 
liam Ballard,  Urath  married  Edward  A.  Ccckey,  William  Lynch 
married  Sophia  North  Moale,  James  Winchester  married  Maria 
Jones,  Charles  Ridgely  married  Nora  Small. 

This  home,  as  can  be  imagined,  was  full  of  life  and 
social  enjoyment.  The  story  is  told  that  there  was  a  club  of 
men  met  there  who  voted  a  knife  to  Samuel  Owings  as  the 
handsomest  man,  with  the  instructions  to  give  it  to  the  first  man 
he  met  whom  he  thought  handsomer  than  himself,  but  he  never 
found  the  man.  There  was  also  a  knife  voted  to  the  ugliest 
member  of  the  club  with  similar  instructions,  but  he  disposed 
of  the  knife  in  a  few  days. 

There  is  another  story:  In  1830  when  the  railroad  was  in 
process  of  construction  through  the  Green  Spring  Valley,  Mr. 
George  Winchester,  who  was  president  of  the  company,  fre- 
quently visited  the  work.  On  one  occasion  when  it  was  very 
cold  the  workmen  opened  a  cavity  in  the  quarry,  now  owned  by 
Mrs.  S.  M.  Shoemaker,  and  found  some  torpid  snakes.  Mr. 
Winchester  carried  several  of  these  snakes  in  his  handkerchief 
to  Mrs.  Owings,  where  he  was  invited  to  dine,  and  placed  them 
on  the  hearth  before  an  open  fire  in  the  dining-room.     During 


188 

the  dinner,  "  Phil,"  the  waiter  boy,  kept  his  eye  on  these  snakes. 
Presently  he  said  to  his  mistress,  "Missus,  dem  snakes  is  a 
moovin'  !  "  then  "  Missus,  dey  is  crawlin'  !  "  "  My  goodness, 
Missus,  one's  just  gone  under  de  table  !  "  and  Phil  escaped  into 
the  yard,  followed  by  the  family. 

There  is  a  story  about  a  walnut  tree  said  to  have  been 
planted  by  Urath  Randall  before  she  married  Samuel  Owings  ( i  st). 
The  tree  grew  until  it  measured  in  circumference  thirty-two 
feet  and  cast  a  shade  at  noontide  of  120  feet.  Frequently  the 
family  took  their  meals  under  this  great  tree.  It  was  blown 
down  about  1888,  when  one  of  the  grandchildren  of  Samuel 
secured  a  log  of  the  largest  limb,  measuring  twenty  inches  in 
diameter  and  eight  feet  long,  had  it  sawed  into  boards,  which 
he  divided  among  his  children  as  a  memento  of  that  which  had 
afforded  so  much  pleasure  and  comfort  for  his  ancestors. 

In  the  time  of  Samuel  Owings  fsd)  farmers  had  a  hominy  mor- 
tar made  of  a  large  oak  log  about  three  feet  in  length  with  a  funnel- 
shaped  hole  in  one  end,  made  by  burning  and  boring  as  large  as 
the  size  of  the  log  would  permit.  Its  proper  place  was  in  the  corner 
of  the  kitchen.  The  firstborn  of  Samuel  and  Ruth  was  Deb- 
orah, so  named  for  her  grandmother-  While  the  mother  was 
attending  to  household  duties,  Debbie,  as  she  was  known  in  the 
family,  was  placed  in  the  hominy  mortar  for  safety,  and  thus 
did  her  crowing.  Later  this  little  girl  was  known  by  her  family 
relations  as  Aunt  Debbie,  her  neighbors  knew  her  as  Miss  Deb- 
bie, until  later  in  life  she  became  Mrs.  Henry  Stevenson.  As 
the  Samaritan  of  the  county  around,  she  could  be  seen  almost 
every  afternoon  and  if  necessity  required  it,  at  other  times,  on  her 
thoroughbred  mahogany  bay  mare  (Diamond),  with  her  little 
basket  hung  upon  the  pommel  of  her  saddle  containing  comforts 
for  the  poor,  the  sick  and  the  needy.  To  her  and  her  dear  friend 
in  this  work,  Miss  Sarah  Nicholas,  the  success  of  St.  Thomas' 
Church  is  largely  indebted. 

Samuel  Owings(  3d)  was  vestryman  from   1799  until    1824. 

— C.  T.  C. 

Ube  damans. 

The  Carnans  were  from  Reading,  Berks,  England.     We  first 


140 

hear  of  Christopher  Carnanin  Philadelphia  in  the  winter  of  1749, 
when  he  is  mentioned  in  Watson's  Annals  as  one  of  the  man- 
agers of  the  "  Assembly  Balls."  He  is  spoken  of  elsewhere  as 
well  known  in  Baltimore,  when  he  married  on  the  thirteenth  of 
June,  1751,  Elizabeth  North,  the  oldest  daughter  of  Capt.  Robert 
North,  who  "preferred  him  poor  and  handsome  to  the  richest 
man  in  the  Province."  They  received  1,500  guineas  on  their 
wedding  day,  and  went  on  a  trip  to  England,  where  Mrs.  Car- 
nan  was  received  by  her  family.  Their  oldest  son,  Charles,  was 
born  on  the  voyage  home. 

Captain  North  had  given  to  his  daughter  Elizabeth  the 
place  now  owned  by  Capt.  Wilson  C.  Nicholas,  one-half  of  a 
tract  of  land  which  he  bought  from  the  Gists  in  1745,  and  Chris- 
topher Carnan  built  the  old  house  which,  in  1898,  stands  intact. 
His  initials  cut  on  one  of  the  boards  can  still  be  deciphered. 

His  children  were  Charles,  born  June  20,  1752,  and  Robert 
North,  born  August  8,  1756. 

His  tombstone  bears  the  following  inscription: 

Christopher  Carnan, 

Who  Lived  and  Died  an  Honest  Man, 

On  the  30TH  OF  December,  1769. 

Aged  39  Years. 

He  was  most  probably  the  brother  of  Cecil  Carnan,  the  first 
wife  of  Gen.  Mordecai  Gist,  and  of  John  Carnan,  from  whom 
the  Ridgelys,  of  "  Hampton,"  are  descended. 

Cecil  Carnan's  epitaph  reads: 

To  the  Memory  of 

Cecil  Gist, 

Daughter  of  Charles  and  Prudence  Carnan, 

OF  London, 

Who  Departed  this  Life 

The  1ST  D.\y  of  July,   1770. 

Aged  28. 


141 

Friendly  stranger,  stop,  gaze  on  this  silent  tomb. 

The  end  of  Nature  in  the  prime  of  youthful  bloom. 

I,ost  from  the  soft  endearing  ties  of  L,ife. 

And  tender  name  of  daughter,  sister,  mother,  wife. 

Ye  blooming  fair,  in  her  your  fading  charms  sun-ey; 

She  was  whate'er  your  tender  hearts  can  say. 

More  than  exceeds  ye  muses  noblest  point  of  thought. 

Or  Pope  or  Milton's  verses  ever  taught 

Farewell,  lamented  shade  I  can  proceed  no  more; 

Too  fast  thy  memory  prompts  the  tear  to  flow. 

Such  was  ye  will  of  fate,  nor  must  we  murmur  at  ye  rod. 

Nor  allwise  dispensations  of  our  God. 

Here  in  hope  we  trust,  here  our  sorrows  rest; 

The  good,  virtuous  dead  are  ever  blest, 

John  Carnan  married  Achsah  Ridgely,  the  widow  of  Dr, 
Robert  Holliday,  and  his  son,  Charles  Ridgely  Carnan,  took  the 
name  of  his  uncle,  Captain  Ridgely,  and  inherited  "  Hampton." 
Achsah  Ridgely 's  third  husband  was  Daniel  Chamier. 

Charles  Carnan,  son  of  Christopher,  inherited  "  Atamasco," 
and  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Boyce  and  his 
second  Miss  Johnston,  of  York,  daughter  of  Samuel  Johnston, 
who  then  married  Colonel  Carnan's  mother. 

The  parish  record  shows  :  "  Rebecca  Carnan,  daughter  of 
Charles  and  Mary,  his  wife,  was  born  June  8,  1775."  "Sarah, 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Sarah  Carnan,  was  born  April  20,  1795." 

From  a  family  Bil)Ie  :  Elizabeth  Carnan  married  Nelson 
Norris,  May  21,  1816. 

Two  daughters  of  Charles  Carnan  married  Nelson  Norris, 
and  one  of  them,  it  is  said,  left  a  son,  who  went  west. 

Colonel  Carnan  was  a  great  card  player.  One  day  a  party 
was  assembled,  but  he  had  not  come  home.  They  heard  a 
horse's  steps,  and  Mrs,  Carnan  said,  "That  cannot  be  he,  be- 
cause he  rode  a  certain  horse  of  a  certain  color."  Mr.  Tagart 
answered,  "  Pray,  madam,  does  he  always  ride  the  same  horse 
down  the  hill  that  he  rides  up  ?  "  Presently  a  voice  was  heard, 
"Jim,  come  put  my  horse  in  the  stable!"  It  was  Colonel  Car- 
nan, and  he  had  returned  upon  a  different  horse.  He  had  a  pas- 
sion for  horse  trading,  and  it  was  said  once  traded  thirteen  times 
and  returned  home  on  the  liorse  on  which  he  started. 

Some  times  he  would  give  up  card  playing  and  be  very 
good  for  a  while,  probably  influenced  by  his  brother  Robert, 
who  was  a  Methodist.  Then  he  would  take  a  little  stick  and 
point,  "  When  I  played  cards  I  would  have  played   so  and  so." 


142 

It  was  a  saying,  "Jim,  snuff  the  candle,  I  can't  see  my  trumps." 

Robert  North  Carnan  married  Katherine  Risteau,  daughter 
of  George  Risteau,  and  lived  at  "The  Garrison"  His  name 
was  enrolled  in  a  home  guard  during  the  Revolution,  but  he  saw 
no  active  service.  He  was  a  man  of  high  integrity  and  un- 
bounded hospitality,  and  like  Mr.  Cornelius  Howard,  became  a 
staunch  Methodist.  His  mother  sent  Charles  to  remonstrate 
with  him,  but  he  came  back  and  said,  "  I  half  believe  Robert  is 
right." 

He  had  seven  children.  Frances  Todd,  born  November  24, 
1777,  who  married  Robert  Wilkinson,  and  died  within  a  year; 
George  Risteau,  died  in  early  youth;  Christopher,  born  July  19, 
1780,  who  married,  March  9,  1802,  Christiana  Sim  Holliday, 
daughter  of  John  Robert  Holliday  and  Eleanor  Addison  Smith; 
Elizabeth,  who  died  unmarried;  Mary  (Marial  North,  born  De- 
cember 9,  1792.  who  married  Eli  Simkins;  Rebecca  Risteau, 
born  May  23,  1794,  who  married  Joshua  Tevis;  Frances  Wilkin- 
son, born  after  the  death  of  her  oldest  sister,  and  called  for  her, 
was  the  first  wife  of  William  Fell  Johnson. 

George  Risteau  Carnan's  death  was  occasioned  by  a  fall  from 
a  tree,  the  consequence  of  climbing  it  on  Sunday,  and  was  held 
upas  a  warning  to  future  generations.  "Risteau's  Garrison," 
which  had  been  bequeathed  to  him  by  his  uncle,  Thomas  Ris- 
teau, came  into  the  possession  of  his  brothers  and  sisters,  and 
was  bought  from  them  by  their  father. 

One  day  the  Methodist  preacher  was  at  Mr.  Carnan's  house 
having  prayers.  After  sending  up  fervent  petitions  for  "Bob 
Wilkinson,"  he  added,  "There  he  is.  Lord,  at  the  foot  of  the 
bed." 

Robert  North  Carnan  died  in   1836.     He  had   married  the 

second  time,  Mrs.  Ennals,  who  was  a  Miss  Goldsborough,  of  the 

Eastern  Shore. 

— K.  C. 

(lapt.  5obn  IRtsteau. 

John  Risteau  was  a  Huguenot  and  fled  from  France  after 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  He  came  from  the 
County  Ghent,  and  from  his  rent  roll  must  have  been  a  man  of 


143 

importance.  He  was  higli  sheriff  of  Baltimore  County  and 
captain  of  a  garrison  stationed  upon  his  plantation  during  the 
Indian  wars.  His  name  is  among  those  who  took  up  lots  in 
Baltimore  Town  in  1730,  and  he  was  one  of  the  subscribers  for 
the  chapel  of  ease  in  the  Forest. 

He  married  Katherine,  daughter  of  George  Ogg,  and  widow 
of  William  Talbot.  Their  children  were  Talbot,  Isaac,  Joseph 
and  George,  and  one  daughter,  Katherine,  who,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  became  the  wife  of  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock. 

Talbot  married  Mary  Stokes,  June  20,  1745,  and  died  No- 
vember 23,  1753.  He  was  clerk  of  the  county  court  when  Bal- 
timore and  Harford  were  one,  from  1746  until  his  death. 

Isaac  was  born  November  4,  1724,  and  married  Elizabeth 
Reaven  in  1748.  His  son,  Capt.  John  Talbot  Risteau,  ran  away 
from  home  at  his  mother's  second  marriage  and  joined  the 
English  service,  with  the  stipulation  that  he  was  not  to  fight 
against  the  Americans.  He  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Cradock  Risteau,  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates-  Dr.  Risteau  married  Ann  Courtenay,  of  Baltimore, 
and  had  one  daughter,  Mary,  who  became  the  wife  of  Daniel 
Jenifer,  of  Charles  County. 

Joe  studied  for  the  ministry,  but  died  before  being  ordained 
and  was  buried  under  the  chancel  of  the  church,  the  only  inter- 
ment which  has  ever  been  made  within  the  edifice. 

George  married  Frances  Todd,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Todd 
(4th),  on  August  7,  1757,  and  lived  at  "The  Garrison,"  which 
his  father  bequeathed  to  him  with  adjacent  acres.  He  was 
acting  warden  of  the  church  in  1752  and  vestryman  from  1762. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Observation  and  of  the 
Provincial  Conventions  of  1775  and  1776. 

His  children  were  Katherine,  born  June  17,  1758  :  Eleanor, 
born  January  15,  1760;  Thomas,  born  January  16,  1763;  John, 
April  14,  1764  :  Frances,  July  26,  1767,  and  Rebecca,  born  De- 
cember 5,  1770. 

Katherine  married  Robert  Carnan.  — K.  C. 

George  JSramwell. 

George    Bramwell,  registrar     1 758-1 764,  was    the    son   of 


144 

Chief  Justice  Bramwell,  of  lyondou,  who  was  grandfather  of  the 
late  Chief  Justice  Lord  Bramwell  (born  June  12,  1808;  died 
May  9,  1892.)  He  was  educated  for  the  law  and  was  admitted 
as  a  barrister,  but  being  a  younger  son  and  inheriting  neither 
title  nor  land,  he  emigrated  to  Maryland  in  1735  and  purchased 
lands  north  of  Patapsco  Falls,  in  what  is  now  Carroll  County, 
adjoining  the  western  boundary  of  Baltimore  County,  near  Glen 
Falls  Station.  He  married  in  1750  Mrs.  Susanna  Fortt,  who 
bore  him  two  children,  Mary  and  Henry. 

George  Bramwell  styles  himself  Scrivener  in  his  will,  dated 
September,  1770.  The  county  records  show  that  he  frequently 
acted  as  an  attorney  and  also  that  his  operations  in  real  estate 
were  considerable.     He  died  September  27,  1770. 

XLbc  flOoale  jfamilg. 

The  Moale  family  has  been  identified  with  St.  Thomas' 
Church  for  many  years,  and  their  graves  are  among  the  oldest 
in  the  churchyard. 

John  Moale,  son  of  Richard  and  Elizabeth  Moale,  was  born 
in  Kenton  Parish,  Devonshire,  England,  October  30,  1697,  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1719,  and  settled  on  the  middle  branch  of 
the  Patapsco  River.  The  place  was  called  Moale's  Point.  He 
married  Rachel,  daughter  of  Gen.  John  Hammond,  of  Severn 
River,  April  17,  1723.  His  two  sons,  John  and  Richard,  were 
quite  conspicuous  in  the  early  history  of  Baltimore.  John 
married  Ellin,  daughter  of  Capt.  Robert  North,  at  the  residence 
of  her  sister,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Christopher  Carnan,  in  Balti- 
more, in  1758.  Captain  North  was  from  the  Parish  of  Whit- 
tington.  County  of  Lancaster,  England.  He  died  in  1748,  and 
bequeathed  to  his  daughter,  Ellin,  the  property  known  as 
Greenspring,  most  of  which  is  now  owned  by  her  descendants, 
the  Elder  family,  and  though  after  her  marriage  she  and  her 
husband  continued  to  reside  in  the  town,  they  built  part  of  the 
present  house  on  the  Greenspring  property,  and  became  closely 
associated  with  the  parish.  "Aunt  Milly,"  an  old  family 
servant,  now  (1898)  over  ninety,  who  has  seen  six  generations 
of  the  Moale  family,  remembers  quite  well  when  Mrs.  Moale 
used  to  come  every  summer  to  the  country. 


A    CORXER    OF    THK    rHURCHVAKD    \\HI:rK     THE    CRADOCKS,    MOALES, 
CARXANS    AXD    I'HILPOTS    ARE    liURIED. 


145 

Mr.  Moale  was  an  ardent  Whig,  and  took  an  active  interest 
in  affairs  during  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  of  Observation  and  Correspondence  and  of  the  con- 
ventions of  1774  and  1776.  He  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Baltimore  Town  battalion  of  militia  from  May,  1776,  to  the 
close  of  the  Revolution,  and  for  many  years  Presiding  Justice  of 
the  county  court.  His  sons,  Thomas  and  Robert  North,  were 
members  of  the  Vestry  of  St.  Thomas'  Church.  Thomas  mar- 
ried Eleanor,  daughter  of  Samuel  Owings,  and  was  in  the 
Vestry  for  a  number  of  years  between  181 1  and  1821.  Robert 
North  married  Frances,  sister  of  Eleanor  Owings,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Vestry  for  eight  or  ten  years,  delegate  to  the 
Diocesan  Convention  in  1806,  and  treasurer  from  1820  to  1823. 
He  died  in  1852,  leaving  the  Greenspring  property,  where  he 
lived  for  many  years,  to  his  daughter,  Ellin,  wife  of  Geo.  H. 
Elder. 

John  Moale,  the  father  of  John  and  Richard,  had  two 
daughters,  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  her  fourth  year,  and  Rebecca, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Charles  Croxall,  of  Croxall  Hall,  Eng- 
land. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Croxall  are  buried  in  a  family  burial 
ground  on  the  farm,  Garrison,  in  Greenspring  Valley,  now 
owned  by  Charles  T.  Cockey,  where  are  also  the  graves  of  a 
number  of  the  Buchanan,  Rogers  and  Gittings  families. 

— G.  N.  M. 

TLbc  Xpon  Jfamilv. 

Dr.  William  Lyon  began  to  take  up  land  about  two  miles 
below  the  church  in  1745,  and  removed  to  the  county  eight  or 
ten  years  later.  He  was  a  Scotchman,  son  of  a  Presbyterian 
clergyman,  near  Perth,  and  came  to  Baltimore  Town  in  1735, 
soon  after  receiving  his  diploma.  He  engaged  in  all  the  im- 
portant undertakings  of  the  day  and  aided  materially  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  town.  He  established  the  first  drug  store  there 
in  1746,  Lyon  &  Philpot,  and  in  1750  was  appointed  a  com- 
mittee of  one  to  enforce  what  is  the  first  health  ordnance  on  the 
records.  When  Moale's  map  of  Baltimore  was  made  in  1751  he 
is  mentioned  as  the  only  physician  within  its  limits. 

He  was  one  of  the  largest  subscribers    for  "  Keeping  up, 


146 

repairing  and  making  good  the  fence  of  the  said  town,"  and  he 
was  also  a  subscriber  for  the  erection  of  a  market  house,  but  this 
was  not  effected  until  some  time  later,  in  1763,  when  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners. 

The  Lyon  property,  called  Wester  Ogle,  after  the  old  Easter 
Ogle  estate  in  Scotland,  originally  contained  1,700  acres.  Dr. 
Lyon  established  mills  near  what  is  now  McDonogh  Station  '" 
and  erected  a  large  warehouse  opposite  the  present  Wester  Ogle 
entrance.  His  house  stood  on  Lyon's  Mill  Road,  between  the 
pike  and  the  Falls,  and  was  eventually  burned  to  the  ground 
with  all  it  contained. 

Dr.  Lyon  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  count)'  Committee 
of  Observation  in  1775,  and  lived  through  the  Revolution,  dying 
in  1795,  at  the  good  old  age  of  eighty-two.  Wester  Ogle  is  still 
held  by  one  of  his  name,  almost  the  only  instance  in  the  parish. 

His  only  son,  Major  Robert  Lyon,  resided,  after  the  old 
house  was  burned,  near  the  Stone  Chapel.  He  did  not  adhere 
strictly  to  the  Scotch  tenets  of  his  father's  faith,  though  he 
styled  himself  a  Presbyterian.  He  is  mentioned  in  1818  as  one 
of  the  congregation  of  St.  Thomas'  who  met  on  Easter  Mondaj' 
to  elect  the  Vestry,  but  seems  to  have  taken  no  active  part  in 
the  church. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  he  joined  Captain 
Plunkett's  Company,  and  occupied  one  of  the  posts  of  honor  in 
the  front  rank.  He  served  through  the  struggle,  and  was  pres- 
ent at  several  engagements.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Captain 
Plunkett  organized  the  "  Baltimore  Troop,"  and  Robert  Lyon 
was  among  those  who  enlisted.  He  was  a  fine  horseman  and 
stories  are  told  of  his  prowess. 

Major  Lyon  died  esteemed  and  respected  in  1842,  having 
reached  the  age  of  eighty -eight  years.  His  wife  was  Susan  Hall, 
daughter  of  Elisha  Hall,  of  Cecil  County,  and  he  had  two 
daughters  and  a  number  of  sons — William,  Charles,  Swan, 
Samuel  Hall,  Robert,  Edward  and  James.  Mary  Lyon  mar- 
ried   Micajah    Rogers,    and   Kitty    Lyon,   James   B.    Latimer. 

{1)  Mrs.  Gist  considered  the  mill  dam  a  menace  to  health,  so  she  sent  for  Dr.  I,yon 
and,  locking  the  door,  told  him  he  should  not  leave  the  room  until  he  promised  to  have  it 
removed.  Dr.  lyvon  replied,  "  By  my  troth,  woman,  you're  daft,"  and  succeeded  in  mak- 
ing his  escape.  The  story  goes  that  she  wore  a  red  josey  and  jiresented  quite  a  formi- 
dable appearance. 


147 

William  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  East  Tennessee,  and  an  inti- 
mate friend  of  General  Jackson.  Samuel  was  a  physician,  and 
occupied  a  chair  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  Robert  was 
;i  merchant,  and  for  a  long  time  cashier  of  the  Custom  House  in 
Baltimore.  James  was  a  lawyer,  and  Charles,  Swan  and  Edward 
lived  at  the  old  place.  Charles,  Robert  and  Swan  were  present 
at  the  battle  of  North  Point,  Charles  acting  as  aide  to  General 
Smith. 

Edward  Lyon  was  a  most  loyal  churchman  and  a  faithful 
vestryman  of  St.  Thomas'  for  twenty  years.  He  was  treasurer 
of  the  church  for  six  years  and  delegate  to  the  Diocesan  Conven- 
tions for  about  the  same  length  of  time.  He  died  February 
8,  1865. 

— K.  C. 

Zbt  "Wflortbtncitons. 

The  Worthingtons  trace  their  descent  in  this  country  from 
Capt.  John  Worthington,  of  Westminster  Parish,  Anne  Arun- 
del, who,  in  1674,  was  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Quorum,  and 
whose  tomb,  with  its  cross  bones  and  skull,  is  opposite  Annapo- 
lis. He  married  Sarah  Howard,  daughter  of  Matthew  Howard, 
one  of  the  "Men  of  Severn,"  and  died  April  6,  1701.  His  chil- 
dren were:  John,  born  January  13,  1689,  who  married  Helen 
Hammond,  daughter  of  Gen.  John  Hammond,  on  January  8, 
1713,  and  died  in  1763;  Thomas,  born  January  8,  1691,  who 
married  Elizabeth  Ridgely,  and  was  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  assembly;  William,  born  April  i6,  1694,  who  married 
Sarah  Homewood;  Sarah,  born  January  10,  1696,  who  married 
Nicholas  Ridgely:  Charles,  born  October  20,  1701. 

As  shown  by  his  will,  Captain  Worthington  left  his  "home 
plantation  on  the  Severn"  to  John;  "Greenbury's  Forest,"  to 
Thomas  ;  and  to  William  'Howard's  Inheritance,"  a  tract  near 
Heard's  Mill  and  another  at  the  Fresh  Pond  on  the  Bodkin 
Creek  of  the  Patapsco  River. 

John  obtained  a  grant  of  2,000  acres  in  Baltimore  County 
in  1740,  which  he  gave  to  his  sons,  William  and  Samuel.  Wil- 
liam was  married  on  June  30,  1734,  to  Mrs.  Hannah  Cromwell, 
widow  of  C:ipt.  John  Cromwell,  of  Anne  Arundel,   and  was  the 


148 

first  of  his  name  in  the  parish,  being  a  vestryman  of  St.  Thomas' 
for  a  short  time  before  his  death,  in  1749,  leaving  two  sons,  John 
and  William. 

John  married  Mary  Todd,  daughter  of  Thomas  Todd  C4th), 
and  EUinor  Dorsey  ;  his  daughter  Ann,  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
became  the  wife  of  Dr.  John  Cradock.  Her  sister,  Margaret, 
married  Colonel  William  Lamar,  an  officer  of  Revolutionary 
fame,  who  met  her  while  on  a  visit  to  "Bloomsbury." 

Samuel  was  a  younger  son,  born  in  1733,  and  the  pioneer 
of  Worthington  Valley.  He  was  also  a  vestryman  of  the  church, 
and  has  been  noticed  elsewhere.  His  first  wife  was  Mary  Tol- 
ley,  daughter  of  Walter  Tolley,  of  Joppa,  and  his  second,  Martha 
Garrettson.  He  was  blessed  with  twenty-four  children.  His 
daughter,  Ellen,  Mrs.  Elisha  Johnson,  a  lady  of  fine  presence  and 
great  attraction,  lived  to  the  memory  of  the  present  generation. 

The  following  inscriptions  are  copied  from   tombstones   in 
the  churchyard  of  St.  John's  in  the  Valley: 
To  the  Memory  of 
Mary  Worthington, 

WIFE  OF 

Samuel  Worthington, 

Who  was  Born  the  21st  Day  of  March,  1740, 

and  Departed  this  Life  the  ist  Day  of  Oct.,  1777. 

Aged  37  Years  and  6  Mos. 

Leaving  a  Disconsolate  Husband  and  Eleven  Weeping 

Children  to  Lament  Their  Irreparable  Loss. 

This    Amiable  Woman    Lived   Beloved  and   Died 

Lamented  by  Both  Rich  and  Poor 

and 

Her  Soul  is  gone  to  heaven  above, 
Knjoying  her  dear  Redeemer's  love, 
While  time  shall  roll  and  never  end, 
A  blest  eternity  to  spend. 

Here  Lies  the  Body  of 

Samuel  Worthington, 

Who  Depaited  This  Life 

on  the  7th  Day  of  April, 

1815. 

Aged  81  Years. 

He  is  not  dead,  but  sleeps  in  Christ. 


149 

Martha  G., 

Second  Wifr  of  Samuel  Worthington, 

Born  Aug.  13,  1753. 

Died  Dec.  31,  1831. 

The  mother  of  eleven  children, 

Ten  of  whom  have  survived  her. 

The  number  of  his  children  as  given  in  these  inscriptions 
does  not  agree  with  Dr.  Allen's  record. 

There  is  a  story  that  "Old"  Sam  Worthington  asked  Mrs. 
Cradock,  the  parson's  wife,  to  pick  him  out  a  sweetheart.  One 
day  at  church,  as  he  assisted  her  to  dismount,  she  gave  him  to 
understand  that  she  had  selected  the  lady  who  was  with  her.  It 
was  Miss  Mary  Tolley,  her  guest,  from  Joppa:  and  Mr.  Worth- 
ington afterwards  married  her. 

John  Tolley  Worthington. 

John  Tolley  Worthington,  the  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Worth- 
ington and  Mary  Tolley,  became  a  vestryman  of  St.  Thomas'  in 
1788,  and  continued  frequently  to  be  elected  until  1816,  when 
St.  John's  in  the  Valley  was  erected.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Delegates  and  in  1801  of  the  Senate  of  Maryland. 
His  residence,  Montmorenci,  stood  at  the  head  of  the  Western 
Run  \'alley,  and  his  estate  was  said  to  be  worth  half  a  million. 
He  married  his  cousin,  Mary,  daughter  of  Brice  Thomas  Beale 
Worthington,  of  Annapolis,  who  survived  him  a  few  years.  He 
died  September  S,  1834,  leaving  two  daughters,  Mary  and  Ann 
Ridgely,  (Nancy)  married  Richard  Johns. 

His  daughter,  Polly,  was  engaged  to  three  men  at  the  same 
lime  ;  George  Howard  being  one  and  a  Dr.  Handy  another. 
George  Howard  wanted  Dr.  Walker  to  carry  a  challenge  to  Dr. 
Handy.  This  he  refused  to  do  but  consented  to  call  and  see 
him.  Dr.  Handy  showed  him  a  letter  he  had  received  from  the 
lady  telling  him  to  be  at  church  on  a  certain  day  and  to  sit  on 
the  same  side  as  her  father  who  would  invite  him  home  to  din- 
ner. Dr.  Handy  complied  with  her  request  and  was  invited  to 
dinner  by  the  Squire,  but  his  daughter  did  not  appear.  It 
seems  she  had  written  the  same  letter  to  each  of  the  three  and 
they  concluded  they  would  not  fight  for  her.     She  married  her 


150 

cousin,  J.  T.  Hood  Worthington,  and  her  son,  John  ToUey,  in- 
herited Montmorenci. 

Charles  Worthington. 

Charles  Worthington,  the  fourth  son  of  Samuel  Worthing- 
ton and  Mary  Tolley,  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Thomas'  1818-19- 
32-34.  He  was  born  September  22,  1770;  and  in  January,  1803, 
married  Susan  Johns,  daughter  of  Col.  Richard  Johns.  He  was  a 
man  of  influence  in  the  countj',  standing  in  the  highest  esteem. 
He  inherited  part  of  his  father's  landed  estate,  and  died  in  July, 
1847,  in  possession  of  much  wealth,  which  he  divided  among 
his  four  unmarried  sons,  Richard,  Kensey,  Benjamin  J.  and 
Kdward—  having  provided  for  his  two  married  daughters,  Mary 
Tolley  Johns  Semmes  and  Sarah  Weems  Love,  during  his  life. 

— K.  C. 

^be  CocheB  Jfamtlii. 

William  and  Sarah  Cockey  settled  near  the  Patapsco  River 
in  1679.  William  Cockey  took  up  extensive  tracts  of  land  on 
the  Magothy  River,  and  in  Baltimore  County,  on  the  north  side 
of  Jones'  Falls. 

John  Cockey,  son  of  William  and  Sarah  Cockey,  born  1681; 
married,  January  17,  17 14.  Elizabeth  Slade.  Their  children  were: 
Susannah,  born  November  2,  1714,  married  Thomas  Gist,  July 
2,  1735;  Mary,  born  December  10,  17 16,  married  Joshua  Owings, 
March  9,  1735;  William,  born  February  20,  1718,  married  Con- 
stant Ashman,  August  9,  1742:  Sarah,  born  February  26,  1721, 
married  Robert  Boon,  December  16,  1746;  Thomas,  born  Decem- 
ber 13,  1724,  married  Prudence  Gill,  May  15,  1753;  Joshua,  born 
March  12,  1726,  married  Charcilla  Dye,  August  27,  1755;  John, 
born  May  18,  1729,  died  1746;  Edward,  born  December  20,  1731, 
married  Eleanor  Pindell,  June  19,  1753;  Peter,  born  Mar.  1 1,  1734 

In  the  list  of  vestrymen  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish  we  find  that 
William  Cockey  was  one  of  the  first  Vestry,  1745;  Thomas 
Cockey,  vestryman  1751-53;  Edward  Cockey,  warden  1755,  ves- 
tryman 1782-84;  John  Cockey,  warden  1767;  John  Cockej^  ves- 
tryman 1792-94;  of  a  late  generation  Thomas  B.  Cockey  was 
registrar  1818,  1819,  and  Edward  A.  Cockey  was  vestryman 
from  1S24  to  1829:  Charles  T.  Cockey,  18S5-1898. 


151 
Tlbc  Ibimt  jfamilp. 

Job  Hunt,  warden  1771;  Phineas  Hunt,  vestryman  1799- 
1809;  Samuel  C.  Hunt,  warden  1802. 

Job  Hunt  ( ist)  was  among  the  English  settlers  of  Calvert 
County,  and  married  Elizabeth  Chew.  In  1760  he  moved  from 
Calvert  County  and  settled  in  the  east  half  of  Green  Spring  \'al- 
ley,  his  estate  comprising  what  is  now  known  as  Brooklandville 
and  extending  to  Ruxton.  He  had  four  sons,  Henry,  who  never 
left  the  old  home  in  Calvert  County;  Job  (2d ),  born  1747,  mar- 
ried Margaret  Hopkins,  daughter  of  Samuel  Hopkins,  of  Balti- 
more County;  Phineas,  born  November  2,  1751,  died  February 
6,  1837;  Samuel  Chew,  date  of  birth  not  given.  Job  Hunt  (2d) 
owned  the  Brooklandville  farm.  He  died  February  13,  1809, 
and  his  estate  was  sold  to  Richard  Caton.  Phineas  Hunt  owned 
the  Hunt  meeting  house  farm,  where  the  family  graveyard  is 
located.  Samuel  C.  Hunt  owned  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Mordecai  and  Rider  farms.  Phineas  Hunt  willed  his  farm  to 
Jesse  Hunt,  son  of  Job  Hunt  (2d).  Jesse  Hunt  was  born  July 
3,  1793.  He  was  the  first  superintendent  of  St.  Peter's  Church 
Sunday  School.  He  was  Mayor  of  Baltimore  in  1832,  and  died 
December  8,  1872. 

— W.  B.  H. 

Jobn  mil. 

January  13,  1797,  died  Mr.  John  Gill  aged  eighty-seven 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  \'estry  when  the  church  was  organ- 
ized in  1745.  He  lived  where  his  grandson,  Mr.  Joshua  Gill, 
recently  died  at  an  advanced  age,  some  two  miles  and  a  half 
north  of  the  church.  The  records  show  that  he  had  six  sons 
and  five  daughters.  Of  his  sons.  John  lived  on  the  Western  Run, 
where  Mr.  John  T.  Johns  now  lives;  Stephen  lived  on  a  farm 
now  owned  bj'  Mr.  John  Johns;  Edward  lived  nearby,  where  his 
son.  Dr.  Edward  Gill,  now  lives;  Nicholas  lived  adjoining  him, 
where  his  grandson,  George  W.  Gill,  now  lives.  All  but  Jolin 
living  north  of  Western  Run,  wei-e  in  St.  James'  Parish. — From 
Dr.  Allen's  notes,  1852. 


152 

S)r.  IRattMe  Ibulse. 

In  the  old  Maryland  Gazette  we  meet  with  the  name  of  Dr. 
Randle  Hulse,  "of  St.  Thomas'  and  Guy's  Hospitals,  London, 
who  resides  at  the  Rev.  Mr.  Craddock's,  Garrison  Forest,  and 
practices  every  branch  of  surgery  and  physick." 

Dr.  Hulse  was  one  of  the  most  unique  characters  in  the  old 
parish.  He  was  a  college  companion  of  Rev.  Mr.  Cradock,  and 
becoming  involved  in  pecuniary  troubles  in  England,  fled 
to  America  to  escape  the  debtor's  prison,  and  sought  refuge  at 
Trentham.  His  wife,  one  of  the  Lemmons  of  Cornwall,  had 
married  him  much  against  the  wishes  of  her  relations.  Upon 
the  death  of  her  daughter  she  wrote  to  them  for  assistance,  and 
they  sent  her  a  guinea,  with  directions  never  to  let  them  hear 
from  her  again.  She  followed  her  husband  over,  and  a  room 
was  built  for  them  at  the  end  of  the  house  which  was  always 
known  as.  "Mrs.  Hulse's  room." 

Dr.  Hulse  was  a  man  of  fine  education  and  an  able  physi- 
cian. He  engaged  in  practice,  and  in  the  course  of  time  sent 
over  the  money  for  the  discharge  of  his  debts.  Drs.  John  and 
Thomas  Cradock  first  studied  with  him,  and  he  was  in  partner- 
ship with  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  for  some  years  Their  practice 
covered  many  miles,  as  far  as  Westminster  and  to  Pipe's  Creek, 
and  Dr.  Hulse  often  had  great  difficulty  in  collecting  the  out- 
standing debts.     They  were  the  bane  of  his  life. 

He  would  get  out  his  day  book,  and  in  looking  over  it,  be- 
come so  irritated  that  he  would  threw  it  behind  the  fire.  Dr. 
John  Cradock  would  pull  it  out  This  went  on  until  one  day  he 
pitched  it  behind  the  fire,  and  Dr.  Cradock  made  no  effort  to 
rescue  it.  This  rather  dumbfounded  the  old  doctor,  and  he 
cried,  "Johany,  Johnny,  the  day  book  is  burning  !''  "Damn 
the  day  book,  '  Dr.  Cradock  replied,  "let  it  burn."  Where- 
upon he  seized  it  himself,  and  never  attempted  the  trick  again. 

He  was  an  ardent  Tory,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  wonder  that  he 
should  have  been  tolerated  during  the  Revolution  in  such  a  nest 
of  Whigs.  But  he  was  sturdy  and  independent,  and  fearlessly 
proclaimed  his  views.  When  the  news  came  of  Cornwallis'  sur- 
render he  sat  with  his  hands  on  his  knees,  rocking  himself  and 
patting  the  floor,  "It's  a  lie.  It's  a  lie.  It's  a  lie." 


153 

About  1786  Dr.  Hulse  entered  into  a  contract  with  a  certain 
Hammond  to  cure  him  of  a  cancer  for  ^"2,000,  and  wrote  imme- 
diately to  Dr.  Cradock,  dissolving  the  partnership.  This,  of 
course,  produced  a  breach  between  them,  and  he  and  Mrs.  Hulse 
went  to  live  at  Colonel  Carnan's. 

Not  long  after  Colonel  Carnan  had  a  card  party,  and  there 
was  such  a  downpour  the  guests  were  compelled  to  remain  over 
night.  The  next  morning  it  was  still  raining,  and  Dr.  Hulse  got 
down  his  daj^  book,  commenting  on  the  different  accounts. 
"This  one  so  much,"  "That  one  so  much,"  until  he  came  to 
Tom  Gist's  name.  "Tom  Gist — damn  rascal — if  he  was  in  Eng- 
la:id  he  would  be  hung,"  Gist's  cousin,  Jimmy  Howard,  looked 
at  him  intently,  but  said  nothing.  Just  then  who  should  come 
riding  down  the  road  but  Tom  Gist  himself.  Dr.  Hulse  met  him 
most  cordially,  and  prescribed  a  toddy  after  his  wet  ride,  which 
he  would  mi.x  for  him.  Tom  Gist  said,  "Doctor,  I  heard  you 
had  dissolved  partnership  with  Dr.  Cradock,  and  I  want  to  pay 
my  bill.  I  would  have  come  yesterday  but  the  weather  was 
bad  and  I  stopped  for  the  night  with  Aunt  Howard."  Dr. 
Hulse  was  delighted,  and  when  Mr.  Gist  had  taken  his  depart- 
ure turned  to  "Jimmy"  Howard:  '  Mr.  Howard,  how  very 
fortunate  you  are  in  your  family  ;  they  are  such  honest  men," 
then  adding,  fiercely,  "if  you  say  another  word  I'll  throw  you 
out  of  the  window,"  he  bolted  upstairs  and  was  not  seen  for 
ths  rest  of  the  day. 

It  is  mentioned  that  in  1774  Drs.  Hulse,  Wiesenthall, 
Cradock  and  Haslet  attended  the  poor  of  the  county,  and  the 
Boston  Evening  Post  and  General  Advertiser  of  1782  announces 
that  "Dr.  Hulse  and  Thomas  Love,  of  Baltimore  County,  em- 
ployed the  trepan  with  relief  to  a  child  who  had  been  injured  by 
violence.' ' 

Some  of  the  older  membars  of  Dr.  Hulse's  family  dying  in 
England  he  laid  claim  to  the  estate,  which  the  other  heirs 
agreed  to  let  him  have  during  his  lifetime  to  avoid  a  law  suit. 
Mrs.  Hulse  refused  to  go  back,  as  she  "had  seen  enough  trouble 
there."  He  accordingly  left  her  an  annuity,  and  she  remained 
at  Colonel  Carnan's  until  her  death  in  1804,  universally  esteemed 
and  respected. 

Among  the  old  books  at  Trenthain   is   "(Jliservations   Ui)on 


154 

Authors,  Ancient  and  Modern,"  with  the  following  inscription 
on  the  fly  leaf:  "Dr.  Ran.  Hulse,  Jan.  7,  1767  Ar:  Caractaco 
dedit."  He  wrote  several  poems  on  the  death  of  Arthur  Cra- 
dock,  and  an  epitaph,  among  them  the  following  tribute: 

"Chaste  as  the  spotless  lamb,  exempt  from  Pride, 
He  lived  the  X'tian,  like  a  Saint  he  dy'd. 
Caressed  in  Life,  lamented  in  his  End. 
The  Parent's  pride,  the  Muses'  warmest  Friend." 

Br.  Hbomas  CradocF?. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  was  the  third  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Cradock,  and  was  born  at  Trentham  on  May  30,  1752.  His 
father  took  especial  interest  in  his  education  and  he  early  be- 
came proficient  in  classical  literature,  having  Homer  at  his 
fingers'  ends  at  the  age  of  ten.  He  was  dedicated  to  the  minis- 
try but  chose  the  profession  of  medicine  and,  after  studying 
with  Dr.  Hulse,  attended  lectures  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
boarded  in  the  house  with  John  and  Sam'l  Adams. 

He  was  most  active  in  the  Revolutionary  cause  and  when 
only  twenty-three  was  made  a  member  of  the  county  (!!ommittee 
of  Observation.  On  Easter-Monday,  1776,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  St.  Thomas'  Vestry  and  was  qualified  on  the 
eleventh  of  June  according  to  the  resolves  of  the  Provincial 
Convention  of  Maryland,  twenty -three  days  before  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  struggle  he  joined  Captain  Plunk- 
ett's  Company,  and  he.  Major  Lyon,  two  of  the  Howards  from 
Elkridge,  and  John  Philpot,  occupied  the  front  rank  as  gentle- 
men volunteers.  While  in  Pennsylvania  General  Washington 
personally  requested  him  to  leave  the  ranks  and  attend  to  the 
wounded.  On  his  way  home  he  was  pointed  out  by  a  woman  in 
Philadelphia  as  a  spy,  arrested,  and  carried  before  Washington, 
who  laughed  very  heartily  at  the  mistake. 

During  the  Revolution  there  was  a  ball  given  in  Baltimore 
in  honor  of  General  Washington.  He  led  the  minuet  with 
Nellie  Gittings,  a  noted  belle  of  the  day,  and  Dr.  Cradock 
walked  next  with  Betsey  Moale,  afterwards  Mrs.  Curzon  Nellie 
Gittings  married  James  Croxall  and  lived  at  the  old  Croxall 
place,  now  owned  by  Mr.  Charles  T.  Cockey. 


WILLIAMINA    SMITH.    I.MRS.    CH.-VRLES    GOLDSBOROUGH .) 
From  a  niinialuie  in  a  riiis.  "^aid  to  have  been  painted  hy  Major  Audri. 


155 

Alter  Col.  John  Eager  Howard  was  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Eutaw  his  brother,  James  Howard,  brought  him  home  and 
he  was  "confined  to  his  room  and  bed  for  nearly  a  year  at  the 
residence  of  his  friend,  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock,  who  declined  any 
compsnsation  for  medical  attendance  and  living,  both  from  per- 
sonal friendship  and  motives  of  patriotism."  Colonel  Howard 
was  at  this  time  in  correspondence  with  Peggy  Chew,  whom  he 
afterwards  married,  and  Dr.  Cradock  was  the  confidant  and  con- 
ducted the  correspondence  during  his  illness. 

Dr.  Cradjck  did  not  aspire  to  political  honors,  but  he  used 
his  pen  vigorously  during  the  campaigns,  and  was  a  clever 
writer.  He  was  prominent  in  the  reorganization  of  the 
Church  in  America,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  general 
Convention  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States.  He  was  one  of 
a  committee  of  six,  three  clergy  and  three  laity,  appointed  to 
■'confer  with  any  committees  that  may  be  appointed  in  other 
States  to  make  such  alteration  in  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  as 
may  be  necessary  under  the  American  Revolution  for  uniformity 
of  worship  and  Church  government." 

The  clerical  delegates  were  familiar  names  :  Dr.  Smith,  Dr. 
West  and  "Parson"  Andrews. 

Dr.  Smith  was  the  first  president  of  Washington  College 
and  the  first  provost  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia.  He  is 
spoken  of  in  bis  Life  as  'an  orator,  a  scholar,  a  college  pro- 
fessor, a  military  critic  and  a  statesman."  He  was  most  prom- 
inent in  the  Church  and,  it  is  said,  had  more  to  do  with  Ameri- 
canizing the  English  Prayer-book  than  any  man  in  the  country, 
though  at  one  time  he  was  accused  of  a  leaning  toward 
toryism. 

"Williamina,  Dr.  Smith's  oldest  daughter,  was  sixteen 
years  old  at  the  time  of  the  occupation  of  Philadelphia  by  the 
British,  and  remained  with  her  aunt,  Mrs.  Phineas  Bond.  Being 
a  beautiful  and  sprightly  girl  she  soon  attracted  the  notice  of 
the  young  British  officers  and  especially  of  the  accomplished 
Andre,  who  induced  Mrs.  Bond  to  let  her  become  one  of  the 
ladies  of  the  Mischianza.  The  matter  produced  an  unpleasant 
feeling  between  Dr.  Smith  and  Mrs.  Bond.  But  young  girls  in 
such  circumstances— who  can  control  them."    (Life of  Dr.  Smith.; 

Dr.    Cradock    became   engaged    to    Miss    Smith,  but    upon 


156 

refusing  te  favor  the  election  of  her  father  to  the  Ep'sro- 
pate"'  of  Maryland  Dr.  Smith  withdrew  his  consent  to  the  mar- 
riage. They  determined  to  run  away.  Colonel  Howard 
met  them  with  his  phaeton  and  she  had  her  foot  on  the  step  get- 
ting in,  when  she  hesitated,  and  turning  to  Dr.  Cradock,  said, 
"If  I  go,  I  have  my  father's  curse."  "It  is  not  too  late,"  he 
replied.  Her  misgivings  overcame  her  and  she  went  back. 
She  afterwards  sent  him  a  ring,  with  her  miniature,  which  he 
retained  to  the  day  of  his  death.  He  never  married,  but  she 
proved  less  faithful  and  became  the  wife  of  Hon.  Charles  Golds- 
borough,  of  Horn's  Point.  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  minia- 
ture was  painted  by  the  ill-fated  Major  Andre,  and  it  is  still 
in    the   possession    of    a  Thomas  Cradock. 

Dr.  Cradock  was  a  great  beau  in  his  youth  and  was  grooms- 
man innumerable  times.  There  was  a  pink  coat,  especially 
remembered,  which  was  called  the  groomsman's  coat,  because  it 
had  figured  at  so  many  weddings.  He  was  groomsman  twice 
for  Mr.  Charles  Carnan,  and  went  with  him  to  York  for  his  sec- 
ond wife,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Johnston.  He  went  to  Phila- 
delphia with  George  Lux  at  his  marriage  to  Miss  Biddle. 
George  Lux,  with  his  usual  impracticability,  came  to  Trcntliani 
to  start  on  the  journey  with  no  money  in  his  pocket  and  Dr. 
Cradock  had  to  lend  him  the  sum  to  defray  his  expenses. 
George  Lux  was  an  erratic  genius,  and  always  doing  queer 
things.  When  Washington  lay  with  his  army  before  Boston  he 
rode  all  the  way  there  on  horseback  to  see  him.  He  was  highly 
educated  and  a  prominent  figure  in  Baltimore  Town,  as  was 
his  father,  William  Lux. 

Dr.  Cradock  was  a  great  whist  player.  He  "could  glance 
at  his  cards  and  laugh  and  talk  with  the  girls  and  yet  know 
every  card  which  had  been  played  and  who  played  it."  Old 
"Aunt  Milly"  remembers  his  coming  down  to  see  Mr.  Robert 
Moale  one  night  when  he  was  taken  ill  with  gout.  He  walked 
with  a  cane  and  wore  red  top  boots.  "All  the  gentlemen  wore 
red  top  boots."  He  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  between  Trent- 
ham  and  Pikesville  which  Mrs.  Curzon  named  Pill  Box,  because, 
she  said,  it  "was  bought  with  pill  monej-." 

(I)     The  correspondence  of  Drs.  Cradock  and  Andrews  in  Ihe  matter  of  the  election 
of  Dr.  Smith  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 


157 

He  was  one  of  llie  organizers  of  the  Maryland  Society 
lor  the  Promotion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  September,  1800, 
and  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  of  Maryland.  1799.  He  was  an  able  and  distinguished 
physician  and  engaged  in  active  practice  for  forty-five  years. 
He  gave  to  the  Church  his  earnest  support,  and  was  for 
forty  years  a  vestryman  of  St.  Thomas'  and  frequently  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Diocesan  Conventions.  He  was  a  member  of  a 
standing  committee  of  the  Diocese  appointed  in  1788,  and  a  del- 
egate   to  the    General    Convention   several    times. 

He  died  at  Trentham,  which  he  inherited  by  his  father's 
will,  on  the  nineteenth  of  October,  1821,  and  lies  buried,  by 
request,  in  the  same  tomb  with  his  brother,  Arthur  Cradock, 
in  the  shadow  of  the  church  walls. 

/lOajor  3obn  Cra&ock, 

Major  John  Cradock,  better  known  as  Dr.  John  Cradock, 
was  the  second  son  of  the  first  Rector,  and  resided  at  "Blooms- 
bury,"  in  Worthington  Valley,  the  estate  given  him  by  his 
father.  Like  his  brothers,  he  was  highly  educated,  and  prob- 
ably through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Hulse,  embraced  the  profes- 
sion of  medicine. 

He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  Revolution,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  of  Observation  in  1774-75.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  fiom  Baltimore  County  to  the  convention  which  met 
at  Annapolis  on  the  twenty -sixth  of  July,  1775,  and  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Association  of  Freeman  of  Maryland.  The 
committee  which  met  on  the  twenty-second  of  April,  1776,  with 
William  Lux,  chairman,  included  John  Moale,  Darby  Lux,  John 
Eager  Howard,  John  Cradock,  George  Risteau  and  others. 

Dr.  Cradock  was  appointed  by  the  Council  First  Major  oi 
Soldiers'  Delight  Battalion,  and  his  commission  was  issued  on 
Saturday,  May  25,  1776.  He  served  one  year  in  Washington's 
Flying  Camp,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  White  Plains. 
His  servant  and  baggage  were  taken  at  Fort  Washington  by  the 
British.  Jimmy  Howard  said  the  last  he  saw  of  the  servant  he 
was  sitting  over  a  barrel  of  rum. 

On   March   12,    1776,   Dr.   Cradock,    with   Drs.    Wiesenthall 


158 

and  Boyd,  issued  a  call  on  the  ladies  of  Baltimore  for  lint 
and  linen  for  bandages.  In  1777  we  find  his  name  among  the 
justices  who  formed  the  County  Court. 

In  1782  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly. 
He  was  induced  to  run  through  the  solicitations  of  his  friends, 
especially  George  Lux,  who  had  a  plan  for  establishing  the 
National  Capital  at  Annapolis,  and  making  it,  as  he  expressed 
it,  the  "Hague  of  America''  This  was  the  same  George  Lux 
who  married  Miss  Biddle,  and  who  rode  on  horseback  to  Boston. 
He  was  the  son  of  Agnes  Walker,'"  who  married  William  Lux, 
of  Baltimore  Town,  and  there  is  a  cap  worked  by  her  with  the 
Lux  coatof-arms,  which  she  presented  to  Mrs.  Charles  Walker. 

George  Lux  writes  to  Captain  Ridgely:  "I  am  glad  to 
have  got  a  speaker  in  our  interest,  and  Deye's  long  acquaint- 
ance in  the  House  will  enable  him  to  do  much;  for  the  same 
reason  I  wish  you  to  go.  Blackhead  Charles  Ridgely  is  clever 
and  respected  at  Annapolis,  and  must  not  at  any  rate  be  per- 
mitted to  decline,  as  it  is  said  he  talks  of  doing.  Sam  Worth- 
ington  says  he  will  decline  if  John  Cradock  will  serve,  and  I 
shall  make  a  point  of  gaining  John's  assent,  and  doubt  it  not 
at  this  particular  time,  although  there  is  no  man  in  the  count}' 
who  it  suits  so  ill  to  leave  home.  He  is  the  best  speaker  in  pub- 
lic of  any  man  I  know  who  had  not  been  educated  as  a  lawyer, 
and  of  a  sound  judgment — as  a  speaker  we  must  have  him." 

"If  you  do  agree,  I  pledge  myself  to  vote  for  you,  Deye,  C. 
Ridgely  of  Wm.,  and  J.  Cradock,  and  to  get  Cradock  to  do  the 
same.  Nay,  I  will  make  a  point  of  opening  the  poll  as  a  voter. 
If  3'ou  can't,  from  business  or  want  of  sufficient  health,  agree  to 
serve,  why,  I  shall  expect  you  to  make  a  point  of  coming  down 
early  to  the  election  and  voting  for  me  in  order  to  convince  the 
people  at  large  that  old  family  animosities  are  at  an  end,  and  that 
we  draw  together  in  the  present  instance." 

Cradock  was  talented  and  popular,  and  would  have  been  a 
strong  candidate  for  political  honors  had  he  chosen  to  continue 
in  public  life.  He  was  a  fine  speaker,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  campaigns — sometimes  running  to  split  his  district  in 
order  to  help  Deye  against  Ridgely.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Vestry  in  1775,  and  annually  afterwards  for  fifteen  years. 

(i)     she  was  the  only  child  of  Dr.  George  Walker. 


159 

He  was  a  delegate  to  the  First  General  Convention  of  the  Church 
in  Maryland  and  frequently  afterwards  to  the  Diocesan  Con- 
ventions. Dr.  Cradock  was  a  very  handsome  man,  six  feet  tall, 
with  dark  hair  and  eyes,  unusually  attractive  and  a  brilliant  con- 
versationalist. At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  Dr.  Steven- 
son, of  Baltimore  Town,  whose  Tory  sentiments  were  well  known, 
was  sending  some  things  up  the  country  for  safety,  when  they  were 
seized  by  the  young  men  and  burned.  Dr.  Stevenson,  who  had 
come  round  another  way,  stopped  at  Trentham  to  dine.  "Oh, 
Johnny,"  he  said,  "'if  I  had  been  there  how  I  would  have  made 
you  run."  "No,  doctor,"  Dr.  Cradock  laughingly  replied,  "if 
you  had  been  there  we  would  have  put  you  on  top." 

Dr.  Cradock  married  (1776)  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Worth- 
ington,  and  Mary  Todd,  who  was  born  as  her  sampler  shows, 
on  the  thirty-first  of  March,  1760. 

He  died  in  the  prime  of  life  on  the  fourth  of  October,  1794, 
aged  only  forty-five  years,  and  lies  interred  in  the  churchyard 
near  the  tomb  of  his  father. 

He  left  four  daughters,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Katherine  and 
Ann,  and  one  son,  Dr.  Arthur  Cradock,  who  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky for  a  time  and  died  unmarried.  He  was  appointed  sur- 
geon in  181 2,  but  could  not  serve  because  of  ill  health.  Mary 
married  Stephen  Cromwell.  Her  son,  Dr.  John  Cromwell,  was 
very  talented,  but  died  young.  Her  daughter,  Elizabeth, 
married  Dr.  Adair,  the  son  of  Governor  and  United  States 
Senator  Adair,  of  Kentucky.  Katherine  married  her  cousin, 
Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker.  Ann  married  a  Mr.  Bosley,  in 
Kentucky. 

abel  3Bro\vn. 

Abel  Brown  came  from  Dumfries,  Scotland,  in  the  earlj* 
part  of  the  Eighteenth  Century.  He  was  warden  of  St. 
Thomas'  Parish  1754,  vestryman  1758-60.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried. The  name  of  his  first  wife  is  unknown.  His  second  wife 
was  Susannah,  daughter  of  Adam  Shipley.  One  son,  Samuel, 
was  killed  at  the  Battle  of  Brandy  wine.  Elias  married  Ann 
Cockey  ;  Moses  married  Polly  Snowden  :  Ruth  married  Thomas 
Cockey  :   Rebecca  married  George  Frazier  Warfield. 


160 

Abel  Brown  was  one  of  the  founders  of  H0I3'  Trinity 
Parish.  He  left  two  legacies  of  thirty  pounds  each  to  St. 
Thomas'  Parish,  one  for  use  in  providing  wine  for  the  Holy 
Communion,  the  other  for  distribution  among  the  poor. 

Cbarles  Malher. 

Charles  Walker,  born  November  9,  1744,  was  the  son  of 
Dr.  James  Walker,  who  with  his  brother,  Dr.  George  Walker, 
left  Scotland  in  1715  because  of  the  part  they  had  taken  in  the 
insurrection  of  the  Earl  of  Mar.  They  were  the  sons  of  James 
Walker  and  Mary  Thorn,  of  Peterhead,  and  "were  both  men  of 
learning."*"  They  first  settled  in  Anne  Arundel  but  Dr. 
George  Walker  soon  came  to  Baltimore  County,  and  was  one  of 
the  commissioners  who  laid  off  the  town.  He  resided  at 
"Chatsworth,"  on  the  west  side,  and  his  name  is  conspicuous  in 
the  early  annals  of  Baltimore.  Dr.  James  Walker  gave  up  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  erected  iron  works  below  Elkridge 
Landing,  engaging  extensively  in  that  business.  He  married 
in  1731,  Susannah,  daughter  of  John  Gardner,  and  had  ten 
children.  John  and  George  were  sent  to  Scotland  to  be  edu- 
cated. George  died  there  and  John  ran  away  and  bound  him- 
self to  the  King's  shipyards.  He  returned  to  America  and 
married  a  very  rich  woman,  but  they  died  without  heirs. 

Susannah  married  Rev.  Wm.  West,  afterwards  Rector  of 
St.  Paul's. 

Charles  came  to  Baltimore  County  and  lived  first  at  "Har- 
rison's Meadows."  above  Owings'  Mills,  part  of  which  is  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Disney.  He  was  married  to  Ann,  only  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock,  in  September,  1772,  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Edmiston,  and  removed  to  " Woodbourne,"  in  Worthington 
Valley.  Ann  Cradock's  wedding  dress  was  of  stiff  white  satin 
and  was  preserved  until  about  forty  years  ago. 

Charles  Walker  was  active  in  the  Revolutionary  cause  and 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Observation.  He  was  elected  a 
vestryman    of    St.    Thomas'   in    1772   and,  with  a   few    years' 

(I)  Dr.  Alleu  say.s,  "The  catalogue  of  Dr.  James'  library  after  his  death  comprehends 
works  ill  Greek,  I^atim,  medicine  and  theology-,  which  very  few  physicians  of  the  pres- 
ent day  can  show  in  theirs." 


161 

intermission  during  the  troubles  with  Mr.  Edmiston,  continued  to 
serve  until  the  erection  of  St.  John's  in  the  ^^alley  (1818),  the 
site  of  which  was  donated  by  him. 

Charles  and  Ann  Walker  had  thirteen  children,  all  of 
whom  died  early  in  life  except  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker, 
and  Frances,  born  March  22,  1792,  who  married  George  William 
Johnson. 

Charles  Walker  "departed  this  transitory  life  November 
15,  1825,"  and  was  interred  in  the  same  grave  with  his  wife, 
their  tomb  in  the  churchyard  bearing  the  simple  inscription  : 
"Charles  Walker  and  Ann,  his  wife,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Cradock."  _ 

Dr.  Xlbomas  CraDock  Maimer. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker,  the  oldest  son  of  Charles 
Walker  and  Ann  Cradock,  was  born  at  Trentham  on  the  six- 
teenth of  June,  1773,  and  lived  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Cradock, 
who  virtually  adopted  him  and  made  him  his  heir.  He  received 
a  classical  education,  and  was  a  man  of  strong  individuality  and 
scholarly  attainments. 

Following  what  seems  to  have  been  the  bent  of  the  family', 
he  chose  the  profession  of  medicine,  and  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  served  with  distinction  as 
surgeon  in  the  war  of  1812-14,  and  had  charge  of  hospitals  at 
Burlington  and  Plattsburgh  which  he  conducted  with  such  un- 
exampled success  as  to  win  the  flattering  encomiums  of  both 
medical  and  military  men.  In  a  letter  to  his  uncle  from  Bur- 
lington in  February,  1814,  he  mentions  the  honor  of  an  official 
visit  from  General  Wilkinson,  and  adds,  "I  should  be  vain  of 
his  approbation  had  I  not  done  my  best.  He  takes  every  op- 
portunity of  expressing  his  delight  by  saying  he  never  saw  a 
hospital  (twenty  large  rooms)  in  such  a  situation,  and  assured 
me  publickly  that  he  would  mention  my  services."  "  'Tis  a 
laborious  task,  but  I  trust  I  shall  continue  to  discharge  it  with 
honor  to  myself  and  satisfaction  to  m)'  country." 

Dr.  Walker  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Masonry  and  of  the 
high  standards  advocated  by  the  order,  and  received  the  degree 
of  Royal  Arch  Mason  while  in  \'ermont  in  1815. 


162 

He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  Church,  and  in  all  that 
pertained  to  its  welfare.  It  was  by  his  efforts  that  the  wall  was 
built  around  the  churchyard,  and  the  subscriptions  and  expen- 
ditures can  be  seen  in  his  private  ledger.  Most  of  the  traditions 
of  the  parish  have  come  to  us  through  him.  He  was  born  only 
three  years  after  the  death  of  the  first  Rector,  and  could  remem- 
ber distinctly  from  the  Revolution.  The  incidents  of  its  earlier 
history  he  heard  from  the  lips  of  Dr.  Cradock  himself,  and  any 
statement  he  had  made  could  scarcely  be  disputed.  He  was 
exact  in  the  smallest  detail,  and  never  said  what  he  did  not 
know  to  be  absolutely  true. 

Dr.  Walker  was  married  February  15,  181S,  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Armstrong,  to  his  cousin,  Katherine,  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
Cradock,  a  woman  of  rare  character  whose  virtues  are  still  re- 
membered. They  were  born  in  the  same  room,  married  in  the 
same  house,  and  died  in  the  room  in  which  they  were  born.  By 
an  Act  of  the  lyegislature  he  had  the  Walker  dropped  from  the 
names  of  his  two  sons,  Thomas  Cradock  and  John  Cradock,  as  a 
token  of  gratitude  to  his  uncle.  Thomas  Cradock  was  born  May 
16,  1819,  and  John,  who  died  when  only  twenty-seven,  on  Sep- 
tember 2,  1821.  His  father  had  intended  that  he  live  at  Pill 
Box,  which  then  comprised  a  large  number  of  acres,  and  was 
adding  improvements  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Dr.  Walker  did  not  engage  in  practice  in  the  recollection 
of  his  children,  except  as  a  favor  and  gratuitously.  He  was  a 
strong  advocate  for  out-of-door  exercise,  deeming  it  the  chief 
means  of  prolonging  life,  and  within  a  few  years  of  his  death 
walked  to  Baltimore  leading  his  horse.  He  clung  to  the  fashion 
of  his  younger  days,  and  always  wore  blue  clothes  with  plain 
brass  buttons. 

He  died  on  the  thirty-first  of  May,  i860,  retaining  his  fac- 
ulties unimpaired,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty -seven. 

There  is  a  portrait  of  him  when  a  boy  of  eleven,  painted  by 
his  cousin,  Billy  West,  son  of  Rev.  William  West,  of  St.  Paul's. 
The  following  account  is  taken  from  Dr.  Allen's  Mss.  History 
of  St.  Paul's  Parish: 

"George  William  (West)  was  an  artist  of  much  promise. 
He  studied  under  the  celebrated  Benjamin  West,  of  London, 
with  whom   Mr.   Trumbull  then  was.      Among   the    letters    of 


in  3 

introduction,  which  he  carried  with  him  to  London,  was  one  from 
his  father's  friend,  General  Washington.  Young  West,  with- 
out any  instruction,  had  attained  to  much  celebrity  at  home 
before  he  went  to  London.  Likenesses  painted  by  him  are  still 
shown  as  West's  painting.  He  was  very  gratifyingly  received 
by  Mr.  West,  and  by  his  favor,  admitted  into  the  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts,  in  the  most  complimentary  manner.  He  had  in- 
tended to  have  staid  there  three  years,  and  then  to  have  gone 
to  Italy.  With  this  view  Archbishop  Carroll  sent  him  a  very 
flattering  letter  to  his  friend  there.  But  before  the  end  of 
eighteen  months  in  London  he  took  the  measles,  his  lungs  be- 
came seriously  affected,  and  he  was  compelled  to  return  home 
early  in  1790,  unable  to  pursue  his  favorite  employment.  He 
lingered  along,  however,  till  1795,  in  which  year  he  died — 
single." 

Sosepb  Mest. 

Rfgistrar  1805-1813. 

Joseph  West  was  another  most  efficient  vestryman  of  the 
church  and  registrar  for  a  number  of  years.  He  belonged  to 
the  Massachusetts  family  of  that  name  and  was  captain  in  the 
Massachusetts  Line,  but  being  a  good  clerk  was  deputed  for 
work  of  that  sort.  He  came  to  Maryland  after  the  close  of  the 
Revolution  and  married  Violetta  Howard. 

He  was  a  very  cultivated,  intellectual  man,  quite  short  in 
stature,  and  always  walking  with  a  very  tall  cane.  For  years 
he  was  a  familiar  figure  in  the  parish. 

Mr.  and  Mrs,  West  lived  at  first  beyond  her  brother 
Cornelius,  but  they  afterwards  removed  to  the  old  place,  where 
they  died.  Though  lame  from  a  fall  from  her  horse,  Mrs. 
West  was  always  a  regular  attendant  at  the  church,  and  the 
recollections  of  her  are  most  kindly  and  affectionate. 

1Rev>.  Ceoroe  IRalpb. 

In  1809  Rev.  George  Ralph,  known  as  "Parson  Ralph," 
came  to  St.  Thomas'  Parish  from  Charlotte  Hall  and  opened  a 
school    at    "Pomona,"    just    northwest  of    Pikesville.      He  was 


164 

well  known  in  his  day  and  was  associated  in  various  ways  with 
many  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  the  State.  He  ranked  high 
as  an  educator  ;  and  was  an  accomplished  scholar  and  an  elo- 
quent preacher. 

He  was  of  Irish  descent,  though  born  in  England,  and  after 
his  education  was  finished  devoted  his  life  to  teaching.  He 
possessed  unusual  personality  and  was  a  most  original  character. 

At  one  time  he  had  a  school  in  Ireland  for  young  men. 
The  races  were  to  be  held  nearby  and  he  forbade  his  pupils  to 
attend.  They  rebelled  against  the  decree  and  locked  him  out. 
He  first  politely  requested  them,  "Young  gentlemen,  open  the 
door,"  but  no  response  was  vouchsafed.  "Young  gentlemen,  I 
eiitreat  you  to  open  the  door,"  again  no  answer.  "Young  gen- 
tlemen, I  command  you  to  open  the  door,"  and  as  they  still  de- 
fied him,  he  sent  for  the  officers  and  had  them  all  arrested  and 
kept  in  jail  until  the  races  were  over. 

When  he  was  about  to  be  married  he  had  only  two  days  to 
reach  the  home  of  his  bride.  The  first  day  there  was  such  a 
drenching  rain  that  he  determined  to  wait  over  at  the  inn  for 
the  morrow.  In  the  morning  there  was  the  same  steady  down- 
pour, but  he  was  obliged  to  pursue  on  his  journey  or  not  be 
present  at  the  wedding.  He  reached  there  just  in  time,  but  his 
leather  breeches  were  soaking  wet  and  he  could  not  get  them 
off.  Nothing  daunted,  however,  he  stood  up  and  was  married 
in  his  wet  breeches.  His  wife  was  a  Miss  DeButts,  who  came  to 
America  with  him. 

The  first  we  hear  of  him  is  in  Baltimore  Town  where  he 
opened  a  school  in  1790.  The  next  year  he  was  ordained  by 
Bishop  White,  and  tried  to  induce  St.  Paul's  Vestry  to  appoint 
him  "to  get  up  a  church  at  Fells'  Point,"  but,  though  he 
pressed  the  matter  very  strongly,  his  effisrts  were  not  successful. 
In  the  report  of  the  convention  of  1792  he  is  mentioned  as  Rec- 
tor of  Shrewsbury  Parish,  Kent.  He  then  applied  for  the 
rectorship  of  St.  Thomas',  and  the  following  letter  was  laid 
before  the  Vestry  : 

Baltimore,  March  13,  1793. 

Sir  : — Observing  that  the  Parish  of  St.  Thomas'  is  still 
vacant  ;  permit  me  to  acquaint  the  Vestry  and  parishioners  that 
I   will  attend  the  church  upon  any  day  appointed  by  them.     A 


105 

mutual  opportunity  will  thus  be  offered  ;  to  them,  of  approving  or 
rejecting  me,  and  to  me  of  respectfully  hearing  their  proposals. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

George  Ralph. 
Dr.  Thomas  Cradock,  Garrettson  Forest. 

Favored  by  Mr.  Philbin. 
A  draft  of  the  answer  is  on  the  back. 

Rev.  Sir  : — Your  application  was  laid  before  the  Vestry  of 
St.  Thomas'  on  Easter-Monday  last.  Confident  that  you  would 
not  answer  as  a  clergyman  for  that  parish,  they  wish  not  to  give 
you  the  trouble  of  riding  up.  We  wish  you  all  happiness  and 
success.     By  order  of  the  Vestry. 

His  application  being  thus  summarily  dismissed,  he  went 
to  South  Sassafras,  Kent  County,  and  in  1795  was  called  to  be 
first  Rector  of  the  newly-formed  Washington  Parish,  D.  C.  As 
was  usual  with  him  he  established  a  school,  and  entered  with 
interest  upon  his  Church  work.  He  sent  out  circulars  through- 
cut  the  country  urging  subscriptions  for  the  erection  of  a  suita- 
ble church  edifice  in  what  "was  to  be  the  Metropolis  of  Confed- 
erated America."  He  tells  Bishop  Claggett,  "It  seems  diffi- 
cult, I  admit,  to  move  me,  but  when  set  agoing  I  gain  force  by 
my  own  velocity." 

In  1800  he  was  elected  principal  of  Charlotte  Hall  School, 
one  of  the  oldest  seats  of  learning  in  the  State,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  this  was  Rector  of  Trinity  Parish,  Charles,  and  then 
of  All  Faith's,  St.  Mary's.  In  writing  to  Bishop  Claggett  he 
says  that  he  "adverts  to  his  work  to  prevent  a  supposition  that 
other  charges  have  risen  superior  to  his  clerical  duty."  He 
presents  to  the  Bishop's  notice  the  irregularities  practised  at 
Pickawaxen,  where  the  "Vestry  keeps  the  parish  vacant,  rent 
the  house  and  glebe,  and  themselves  read  praj'ers  and  preach, 
with  two  exceptions,  in  rotation." 

Parson  Ralph  was  a  strict  disciplinarian  and  the  boys  were 
greatly  in  awe  of  him.  He  was  gruff  in  manner  but  he  wrote 
of  them  as  his  "large  family,"  and  his  sternness  was  tempered 
by  kindness. 

Some  one  told  him  one  day  that  the  boys  were  robbing  his 
orchard.  He  walked  out  and,  turning  his  back,  began  to  pro- 
test most  vociferously,    "Who   dares  say  my  boys   steal   apples. 


166 

They  are  gentlemen's  sons.  Who  dares  say  they  steal."  The 
boys  sneaked  away  and  Parson  Ralph's  apples  were  never  again 
disturbed. 

At  another  time  he  got  into  some  difficulty  with  a  man  who 
intimated  that  "only  his  cloth  protected  him."  This  was  more 
than  his  Irish  spirit  could  stand.  ''Sir,"  he  would  say,  when 
relating  the  story,  "I  took  off  my  coat  and  laj'ing  it  down,  said, 
"lyie  there,  Divinity,  while  I  chastise  Rascality."  And  he 
gave  the  man  a  "confounded  drubbing.'' 

The  charges  made  against  Parson  Ralph  while  in  St.  Mary's 
seem  to  have  been  disproven  and  were  evidently  the  outcome  of 
personal  dislike  or  envy. 

After  remaining  at  Charlotte  Hall  for  nine  years  he  came 
again  to  Baltimore  in  1809  and  opened  the  Academy  near  Pikes- 
ville.  He  served  for  two  years,  from  1810,  as  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Baltimore,  and  was  invited  to  officiate  at  St.  Thomas' 
whenever  he  could  make  it  convenient.  He  seems  to  have 
borne  the  Vestry  no  ill  will  for  their  refusal  to  accept  him  as 
Rector  and  they  met  in  most  friendly  intercourse. 

Parson  Ralph  was  four  times  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee,  and  a  few  weeks  before  his  death  was  appointed  to 
the  chair  of  Rhetoric  in  the  University  of  Maryland. 

He  died  at  Pomona  in  May,  1815,  and  was  buried  in  a 
group  of  cedars  on  the  hillside,  the  spot  where  he  desired  to  be 
laid.  The  hand  of  time  has  obliterated  all  trace  of  the  lonely 
grave  and  there  is  now  not  even  a  common  stone  to  mark  his 
last  resting  place.  Parson  Ralph  left  a  son  and  daughter,  John 
and  Elizabeth,  who  were  living  in  Baltimore  in  1826,  and  died 
unmarried.  They  called  Dr.  and  Mrs.  DeButts,  of  Mt.  Welby, 
Prince  George's  County,  uncle  and  aunt. 

IRev.  Jacob  J6.  .flDorss. 

Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss,  twelfth  Rector  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish, 
was  born  March  6,  1809,  at  Newport,  Mass.  His  ancestor,  one 
of  the  original  grantees  of  the  Crown ,  came  to  this  country  from 
Wiltshire,  England,  in  1635,  and  settled  near  the  above  place. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Morss'  father  was  the  Rev.  James  Morss,  D.  D., 
editor  and  founder  of  the  "Church  Repository,"  the  first  Church 


167 

paper  in  what  was  then  the  Eastern  Diocese.  He  succeeded 
Bishop  Bass  as  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church  in  hisnative  town — 
their  combined  rectorship  covering  a  period  of  ninety  years.  He 
was  educated  in  public  schools,  and  afterward  was  a  student  at 
the  General  Theological  Seminary,  New  York.  Subsequently 
he  studied  under  the  direction  of  Bishop  Ives  in  North  Carolina. 
He  was  ordered  Deacon  in  the  Monumental  Church,  Richmond, 
\'a.,  November  26,  1840,  by  Richaid  Channing  Moore,  Bishop 
of  \'irginia,  acting  by  request  of  Bishop  Ives.  His  first  charge 
was  Christ  Church,  Elizabeth  City,  N.  C,  1840-42  Afterwards, 
Trinity  Church,  Pottsville,  Pa.,  1842-45,  where  he  was  advanced 
to  the  priesthood  on  the  twenty-third  of  November,  1842,  by 
Henry  U.  Onderdonk,  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania:  Grace  Church, 
Waterford,  N.  Y.,  1846-47;  St.  Thomas',  Baltimore  County, 
1849-50;  St.  John's,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1851-61. 

At  various  times  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  tem- 
porarily filled  vacancies  in  Baltimore  at  Grace  and  Emmanuel 
Churches,  and  finally  was  elected  on  the  staff  of  clergy  at  Mt. 
Calvary.     He  died  in  Baltimore,  October  24,  1874. 

Mr.  Morss  married,  in  1842,  Mary  Ann  Southgate,  daughter 
of  John  Southgate,  Esq.,  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

In  his  diary  I  find:  "Ascension,  May  17,  1849.  Mr.  R.  H. 
Owen  called  on  me  this  morning  with  an  invitation  from  the 
Wardens  and  \'estry,  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish,  to  take  the  rector- 
ship of  that  church. ' ' 

"May  i8th.  Rev.  J.  C.  Tracy  made  me  a  visit  this  morn- 
ing respecting  my  invitation  to  St.  Thomas'  and  the  church  at 
Rockville.  Made  up  my  mind  to  accept  the  invitation  to  St. 
Thomas'." 

"May  22d.  Wrote  my  answer  of  acceptance  of  the  rector- 
ship of  St.  Thomas'." 

"Whit  Sunday,  May  27,  1S49.  Preached  my  first  sermon 
at  St.  Thomas'  today." 

"First  Sunday  after  Trinity.  Wore  a  surplice  for  the  first 
time." 

Before  that  time  for  many  years  the  surplice  had  been  in 
disuse  and  the  black  silk  gown  used.  He  also  notes  his  usual 
custom  of  conducting  divine  service  with  sermon  at  4  P.M.  at 
Hannah  More  Academy. 


168 

During  Mr.  Morss'  rectorship  there  still  lingered  in  his 
congregation  a  few  sons  and  daughters  of  our  colonial  ances- 
tors— remote  from  our  present  life  in  their  ideals  and  in  their  con- 
servatism. Their  Sundays  were  puritanical  in  strictness.  In 
form  their  religion  was  simplicity  to  bareness,  but  some  week 
day  amenities  were  very  dear  to  their  hearts,  which,  to  our 
more  modern  waj-  of  viewing  things,  savor  of  the  inconsistent. 
Quite  public  and  very  much  to  the  point,  must  have  been  the 
reproof  as  related  by  a  very  old  ladj*  (^Mrs.  Frazer),  whose  father 
(Mr.  Brian  Philpot)  was  a  prominent  member  and  vestryman  of 
the  parish.  With  unction  she  would  say  he  could  not  stand  it, 
and  would  step  out  of  his  pew  upon  the  brick  pavement  after  the 
service,  shake  his  cane  at  one  here  and  one  there,  and  roundly 
reprove  them  for  some  shortcomings. 

On  another  occasion,  she  said,  violent  opposition  met  the 
introduction  of  the  organ.  Accustomed  as  they  had  been  to 
congregational  singing  such  an  innovation  appeared  rank  heresy. 
One  old  woman,  whose  opposition  had  been  most  bitter,  testified 
outwardly  to  her  pent  up  feelings  by  the  most  despairing  groans. 

Yet  there  was  a  frankness  in  life  and  an  earnestness  of  pur- 
pose which  should  give  us  pain  and  make  us  ask.  If  all  has  been 
gain  which  we  call  progress  ? 

J.  M    S.  Morss. 


.NulK— The  sketches  of  the  Gists,  the  Howards,  the  Cariiaiis,  Capt.  John  Risteau.  the 
Lyon  family,  the  Worthingtons,  Dr.  Randle  Hnlsc,  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock.  Major  John 
Cradock.  Charles  Walker.  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker,  Joseph  West  and  Rev  George 
Ralph  were  written  by  Miss  Katherine  Cradock.  of  Trenthara- 


Hppcnbix 


171 


appenftii  "H." 

The  Colonial  Fort. 

The  Rev.  George  A.  Leakin,  D.  D.,  in  1893,  delivered  an 
address  before  the  McDonogh  School,  which  was  afterward 
printed  at  the  school,  in  which  he  produced  considerable 
evidence  that  an  old  stone  building,  still  in  existence  on  what 
was  Captain  Risteau's  plantation,  now  owned  by  Mr.  Charles 
Moore,  is  the  original  fort  built  in  1693.  It  is  of  stone,  twenty 
feet  by  fifty  feet,  with  small  openings  which  look  like  embrasures 
for  musketry.  The  interior  contains  a  fire-place,  which  is  evidence 
that  it  was  not  built  for  a  barn,  and  accords  with  the  order  of  the 
Council  of  Maryland,  in  1692,  that  three  forts  should  be  built, 
i)i  ichich  should  be  a  dwelling  sufficient  to  accommodate  a  captain 
and  nine  soldiers.  The  proof  which  Dr.  Leakin  brings  forward 
is  as  follows: 

In  August,  1696,  Governor  Nicholson  called  on  Capt.  John 
Oldham,  then  commanding  the  Garrison,  for  a  report  of  its 
location,  who  thus  replied:  "An  account  of  the  roads  made 
back  of  the  Inhabitants  by  the  Rangers  of  Baltimore  County" 
[the  present  Baltimore  Town  not  then  existing]  ' '  northeast  from 
the  Garrison  to  the  first  cabin,  fifteen  miles.  Northeast  to  the 
second  cabin,  fifteen  miles  or  thereabouts,  then  ten  miles  further 
on  the  same  course  to  another  cabin  on  the  north  side  of  Deer 
Creek.  Likewise  from  the  Garrison  to  a  cabin  between  Gwynn's 
Falls  and  the  main  falls  of  Patapsco  a  west  course,  ten  miles: 
then  with  a  west  course  to  the  main  falls  of  Patapsco,  ten  miles, 
which  said  road  being  marked  and  duly  and  weekly  ranged  by 
me  and  my  lieutenant  according  to  order  of  Council."  A  meas- 
urement on  the  map  corroborates  the  above  distances. 

In  1697  Capt.  John  Oldham  and  Capt.  Richard  Brightwell 
reported  to  the  Governor  the  same  measurements  with  some 
important  detail,  viz  :  that  the  nearest  inhabitants  were  sixteen 
miles  beyond  Deer  Creek  on  the  east,  and  on  the  west  the 
nearest  inhabitants  were  fourteen  miles  beyond  the  north  branch 


172 

of  the  Patapsco,  making  a  distance  of  eighty  miles  between 
inhabitants.  The  other  important  fact  was  that  this  fort  was 
four  miles  east  of  Gwynn's  Falls  and  twelve  miles  west  of  the 
Great  Gunpowder. 

The  reported  distances  are  thus  proved: — two  miles  from 
the  fort  to  Pikesville,  and  two  miles  thence  to  Gwynn's  Falls  by 
the  map,  and  also  twelve  miles  to  the  Gunpowder,  allowing  for 
turns  in  the  pioneer  road. 

Capt.  John  Oldham,  appointed  Commander  in  1696,  was 
from  that  part  of  Baltimore  County  (now  Cecil)  where  his 
ancestors  resided.  His  name  is  variously  spelled  Oulson,  Olton, 
Oldham.  While  captain  he  obtained  a  patent  for  all  the 
surrounding  property,  including  the  fort  known  as  "  Oulton's 
Garrison"  (probably  a  stockade  in  1680).  Here  he  built  a 
house,  or  part  of  the  present  house,  and  in  1699  conveyed  his 
property  to  Thomas  Cromwell  and  James  Murray.  In  1700 
Murray  became  sole  possessor,  and  in  1701  sold  the  place  to 
William  Talbot,  whose  widow  married  John  Risteau,  high- 
sheriff  of  Baltimore  County,  who  in  1742  commanded  the 
garrison . 

James  Murray  had  surveyed  "Counterscarp,"  which  with 
Oulton's  Garrison  descended  to  Josephus  Murray,  his  eldest 
son.  "  Counterscarp  was  surveyed  "  by  Josephus  and  a  second 
time  patented  to  him.  He  then  conveyed  "  Oulton's  Garrison  " 
and  ' '  Counterscarp  ' '  (except  such  parts  as  had  been  before 
sold)  to  Richard  Croxhall,  about  1747,  who  resurveyed  both 
properties  and  took  patent  by  the  name  of  "  Garrison." 

What  does  this  word  "  Coimterscarp  "  suggest  ? 

The  only  suggestion  is  a  fort  with  its  counterscarp,  long 
since  obliterated  but  once  existing  here. 

Let  us  briefly  glance  at  what  might  be  called  the  internal 
evidence,  or  proof,  from  the  peculiarities  noticeable  in  the 
structure  of  this  building. 

It  being  acknowledged  that  there  is  no  history  or  even 
tradition  of  its  having  been  built  for  any  other  purpose,  it  is 
fair  to  infer  for  it  a  great  age. 

On  any  other  theory  than  that  it  was  built  for  a  fort  certain 
important  questions  cannot  be  answered;  for  example — Why 
was  it  built,  contrary  to  custom  in  such  an   early  day,  at   great 


178 

trouble  and  expense,  of  stone,  with  walls  of  unusual  thickness  ? 
Why  were  the  windows  made  so  small  (too  small  to  admit  the 
body  of  a  man)  if  intended  simply  for  light  and  ventilation  ? 
Wh}'  do  they  broaden  sharply  inward,  forming  an  embrasure, 
except  for  use  of  firearms  ?  Let  it  be  remembered  that  in  the 
fort,  before  the  new  roof  was  put  on,  there  were  no  windows,  below 
the  line  of  the  eaves,  larger  than  a  foot  square.  The  idea  that 
it  was  built  for  a  barn  is  disproved  by  the  fact  that  it  con- 
tains a  large  fireplace,  and  what  is  most  significant  the 
chimney  is  inside  the  building  rather  than  on  the  outside, 
which  was  the  custom  in  early  times  ;  but  the  inside  method  was 
much  better  for  defence.  Why  was  the  roof  so  extraordinarily 
steep,  except  that  thus  it  could  be  built  of  stone  and  consequently 
be  secure  against  fire,  the  most  dreaded  weapon  of  the  savages  ? 

Why  was  the  door  sill  placed  three  feet  from  the  ground  if  the 
building  was  intended  for  either  barn  or  house  ?  Such  a  door 
would  be  better  for  defence  but  most  inconvenient  for  a  dwell- 
ing. 

The  question  naturally  rises,  ' '  Why  was  so  little  known  of  the 
Garrison  fort,  so  near  and  so  easy  of  access  ?  "  This  question  is 
not  hard  to  answer  by  any  student  of  Maryland  history.  Two 
hundred  and  sixty  years  have  passed  since  the  Colonists  came  to 
St.  Mary's,  and  for  two  hundred  and  ten  years,  until  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  no  organized  effort  was 
made  to  preserve  the  records  of  the  past,  except  legislative  and 
ecclesiastical  proceedings. 

This  Garrison  fort  has  a  peculiar  value,  in  that  it  is  the  oldest 
permanent  fort  in  Maryland.  Fort  Cumberland's  site  is  occupied 
by  a  church.  Fort  Frederick,  built  in  1760,  still  partially  exists. 
No  trace  of  the  forts  in  St  Mary's  City  or  Mattapony,  Piscata- 
way  or  the  Indian  fort  on  Spesutiae  Island  exists.  There  is  one 
near  Annapolis,  named  originally  Fort  Beeman  and  now  Fort 
Madison,  the  date  of  its  origin  uncertain.  Now,  as  Revolution- 
ary relics,  a  sword  or  a  chair,  are  held  in  high  esteem,  how  much 
more  should  we  preserve  a  fort  built  to  defend  our  frontier  in 
1693,  and  again  used  for  the  same  defence  against  the  French  and 
Indians  in  1755  by  Captain  John  Risteau,  sheriff  of  Baltimore 
County. 


174 

HppenDtr  "B." 

List  of  contributors  toward  building  the  church,  1743: 

TOBACCO.      CURRENCY. 
LBS.  £     S.      D. 

Benedict  Bourdillon 2,000 

Joseph  Cromwell 400 

Edward  Fotterall 300 

Christopher  Randall 300 

Charles  Ridgely 3   10     o 

Thomas  Harrison 300 

John  Hamilton 300 

Francis  Dorsey 100 

John  Bailey 200 

Stephen  Wilkinson 150 

William  Murphy 100 

Dorsey  Peddicoart 150 

William  Petticoart i    10     o 

William  Hammond        500 

Peter  Gosnell        10     o 

Thomas  Gist 10     o 

Samuel  Owings 100 

Nathaniel  Gist 100 

Mayberry  Helm 100 

Thomas  Wells 10     o 

George  Ashman 300 

Darby  Lux 300 

John  Baker 10     o 

John  Risteau 500 

George  Ogg 500 

Joshua  Sewall 10     o 

Richard  Treadway 10     o 

Richard  Bond 10     o 

Edward  Choate    .......  10     o 

John  Thomas 10     o 

Anthony  Bradford 10    o 

John  Simkins 10     o 

Henny  Sea^bor 10     o 

Peter  Maigers 10    o 


175 


TOBACCO.      CURRENCY, 
LBS.  /'.      S.      D. 

Hector  Truley      ...           ...  lo     o 

John  Stinchcomb i     o     o 

William  Lewis lo     o 

Peter  Bond lo     o 

John  Shippard lo     o 

Stephen  Hunt  Ovvings        ....  lo     o 

William  Brown lo     o 

John  Derample lo     o 

Nathaniel  Stinchcomb         ....  i      o     o 

Benjamin  Bond lo     o 

Joseph  Murray,  Jr 2   lo     o 

John  Hawkins 100 

Joshua  Owings 100 

John  Bowen 100 

Christopher  Sewall 10     o 

Thomas  Bond 10     o 

Joseph  Cornelius 10     o 

Edmund  Howard 10     o 

Jona.  Tipton 10     o 

William  Newell 100 

George  Bailey  Gar 10     o 

Stephen  Gill 10     o 

William  Tipton 10     o 

John  Bell 10     o 

John  Thrasher 100 

Robert  Chapman,- Sr 50 

Nicholas  Haile 400 

Penelope  Deye i    10     o 

Neale  Haile 050 

Thomas  Coale,  Jr 50 

John  Wood 100 

Jona.  Plowman 50 

William  Cockey 50 

Richard  Wilmott 50 

Capt.  Samuel  Gray 300 

Total 4,400       64   10     o 


appettt»ti  "C." 

Journal  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission  to  Treat 
WITH  THE  Indians. 

The  journal  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission  to  the  Six 
Nations,  William  Marshe,  is  still  preserved  and  has  been  edited 
by  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Egle,  Harrisburg,  Pa.  The  following  extracts 
are  given  as  of  interest  in  this  connection: 

Saturday,  June  i6,  1744.  This  day  the  Hon.  Edmund  Jen- 
nings and  the  Hon.  Philip  Thomas,  Esqs.,  of  the  Council  of 
State  in  Maryland,  having  heretofore  been  appointed  (by  a  special 
power  from  his  Excellency,  Thomas  Bladen,  Esq.,  Governor, 
under  his  hand  and  by  seal  of  that  Province)  Commissioners  for 
treating  with  the  Six  Nations  on  behalf  of  the  Province,  concern- 
ing some  lands  claimed  by  them  and  to  renew  all  former  treaties 
betwixt  the  Six  Nations  and  this  Government,  agreed  to  proceed 
on  their  embassy.  I  was  required  by  them  to  stay  at  Annapolis 
and  receive  the  bills  of  exchange  from  Mr.  Ross,  Clerk  of  the 
Council,  and  after  receiving  them  on  Sunday,  p.  m.,  I  went  to 
Mr.  Thomas  where  I  lodged  that  night. 

Monday,  June  18,  1744.  Breakfasted  at  Mr.  Thomas' about 
<S  o'clock  this  morning  and  soon  set  out  with  him  and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Cradock  (who  accompanied  us  in  quality  of  Chaplain  of  the 
Maryland  Commissioners)  for  Patapsco. 

Monday  evening  in  Baltimore  County,  I  left  Mr.  Thomas  and 
the  Rev.  Parson  at  the  Ordinary,  and  went  to  Mr.  Robert  North's, 
where  I  supped  with  some  blithe  company,  and  from  thence 
returned  to  Mr.  Roger's  Ordinary  in  Baltimore  Town.  Mr.  Bour- 
dillon,  minister  of  this  parish,  visited  his  brother-of-the-cloth 
and  stayed  with  us  till  near  eleven  o'clock  this  night. 

June  24,  1744.  Mr.  Commissioner  Jennings  asked  me  to  copy 
the  speech  to  be  made  by  him,  in  the  name  of  the  Governor  of 
Maryland  to  the  Indians  in  the  court-house  tomorrow  evening. 
This  and  transcribing  some  copies  of  it  busied  me  so  much  that 
I  could  not  go  to  the  court-house  where  divine  service,  according 
to  the  Church  of  England,  was  performed  by  my  fellow  traveler, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Cradock,  to  a  numerous  audience  this  day.     He 


177 

also  preached  a  ver)-  good  sermon  which  met  the  approbation  of 
several  gentlemen  present. 

Hppen&lr  "S).  " 

Bachelors  Taxed  in  St.  Thomas'  Parish.  — 1756-1763. 


"About  this  time  (1756)  there  was  an  Act  passed  by  the 
General  Assembly,  in  order  to  repay  the  money  expended  in 
protecting  the  frontier,  to  tax  all  bachelors,  twenty-five  years 
of  age  and  upwards,  worth  ^"100  and  under /^3oo,  about  seventy- 
five  cents  each,  and  all  worth  ^^300  and  upwards,  $2.66.  The 
return  of  these  taxes  was  required  to  be  made  by  the  Parish 
Vestries.  The  following  named  bachelors  of  St.  Thomas'  Parish 
were  returned  during  the  eight  years  of  its  continuance,  as  here 
exhibited."  Some  who  began  on  the  ^100  list  were  returned 
afterward  on  the  /,300  list,  and  some  married  and  escaped  the 
tax  : 


,^100  AND  UNDER  /.'ioo. 

' 756  57  58  59  60  61  62  63 
Jeremiah  Johnson  . 
Reese  Bowen  . 
William  Cole  . 
Thomas  Hane; 
Richard  Kawliugs 
Kdward  Stevenson 
Huge  Grayworlh 
Charles  Howard 
Bale  Owings    .    . 
Samuel  Owings.  Jr. 
John  Doughaday 
Nathan  Cromwell 
Richard  Hooker 
Nath'l  Stinchcomli 
Walter  Bosley 
John  Fishpaw 
William  Barney,  Jr 
.\nthony  Gott 
Abel  Brown.  Jr  . 
Thomas  Hooker 


Michael  Huffaii 
Aquila  Price  .  . 
M'd'c'i  Hammond 
Hy  Stevenson.  Ed 
Saml  Bond  of  P't'r 
Wm  Hariey.  Jr.  . 
John  Gibbon  .  . 
Thomas  Johnson  . 

OVER  .<:30o. 
Thos  Cocke  Ueye 
Benjamin  Whipps 
Jeremiah  John.son 
Saml  Worthington 
Nath'l  Stinchcomb 
John  Doughaday  . 
Bale  Owings  .  . 
Samuel  Owings. Jr. 
Edw'd  Perritaney 
Nathan  Cromwell 
Reese  Bowen     .     . 


756  57  5S  59  60  61  62  6; 


178 

HppeuMi  "JE." 

Correspondence    Between   Rev.   Dr.   John  Andrews  and 
Dr.  Thomas  Cradock. 

L,etter  of  T.  Cradock,  Esq.,  to  Dr.  Andrews  concerning 
Dr.  Smith. 

Baltimore,  October  27,  1786. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir. — Your  favor  was  given  me  on  my  way 
to  our  convention,  and  I  take  per  post  the  opportunity  of  giving 
you  the  earliest  notice  of  the  step  I  took  respecting  Dr. 
Smith. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  the  only  lay  delegate  there  except  myself; 
him  with  Dr.  West  I  consulted  and  the  conclusion  was  that  Mr. 
Johnson  and  myself  addressed  Dr.  Smith  upon  the  subject.  He 
persevered  in  his  resolution — denied  the  charge  and  insisted 
upon  the  information  you  gave  to  be  laid  before  the  convention 
(which  was  in  fact  intended),  that  a  proper  investigation  might 
be  made  and  his  innocency  proved. 

The  matter  stands  thus  at  present.  He  will  insist  upon 
your  proving  the  charge  of  intoxication,  and  it  is  necessary  to 
be  done  (as  it  is  so  strenuously  required)  before  the  next  con- 
vention, when  the  matter  will  be  taken  into  consideration.  The 
Doctor  required  of  me  an  extract  of  your  letter,  which  was 
granted,  and  will,  I  make  not  the  least  doubt,  write  to  you  on 
the  subject.  It  gives  me  real  pleasure  that  the  matter  is  in  this 
train,  as  our  convention  may  now  act  with  a  proper  consistency, 
and  their  conduct  reflect  no  dishonor  on  the  Church  or  them- 
selves.    Your  affectionate  servant. — T.  Cradock. 

Letter  from  Dr.  Andrews  to  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock. 

Philadeiphia,  November  6,  1786. 

Dear  Sir. —  ....  As  to  the  showing  of  my  letter  to 
Dr.  Smith  you  were  undoubtedly  wrong.  You  may  remember 
that  you  told  me  last  spring  that  you  had  seen  him  some  time 
before  very  drunk  in  Baltimore.  You  had  it  in  your  power 
then  to  produce  one  or  the  other  of  two  testimonies  against 
him  ;  or  in  other  words,  to  expose  as  you  think  proper,  either 
yourself  or  me  to  his  resentment,  and  it  would  have  been  more 


179 

generous  to  have  chosen  the  former.  But,  in  fact,  there  was 
not  the  least  occasion  for  either  of  these  measures  to  have  been 
taken  ;  and  all  that  the  convention  needed  to  have  done  more 
upon  the  Doctor's  business,  was  to  have  addressed  him  in  some 
such  manner  as  this:  "So  often  and  so  publickly  have  you  exhib- 
ited a  want  of  self  government  in  a  particular  instance  that 
your  character  in  this  respect  is  now  everywhere  well  known, 
and  the  prejudices  of  the  people  against  it,  of  course  univers- 
ally established  ;  some  of  us  have  seen  it  with  our  own  eyes  • 
all  have  had  sufficient  testimony  concerning  it ;  and  therefore 
we,  the  laity,  will  never  allow  that  our  names  shall  be  affixed  to 
your  testimonials  :  it  is  an  insult  upon  our  understanding,  and 
the  sense  we  must  be  supposed  to  entertain  of  common  decency, 
to  ask  it."  The  clerical  members  to  e-xpress  the  same  convic- 
tion with  respect  to  his  unfitness  and  to  have  revoked  the  ap- 
pointment. 

However,  I  am  far  from  being  uneasy  about  the  matter  ; 
and  since  nobody  else  in  so  long  a  time  would  venture  to  step 
forth  upon  the  occasion,  must  endeavor  as  much  as  I  can  to 
make  a  kind  of  merit  of  attempting  it  at  length  myself  though 
it  were  only  by  accident. 

I  am  happy  in  the  accounts  you  give  me  of  Mrs.  Croxal 
and  Mrs.  Buchanan.  I  hope  that  all  the  troubles  which 
Providence  ordained  for  them  are  now  over,  and  that  the 
rest  of  their  days  will  be  full  of  comfort.  You  are  certainly 
very  right  with  respect  to  my  attachment  to  Miss  Gittings, 
though  not  right  perhaps  in  bantering  her  about  it.  Female 
youth  and  beauty  can  stldom  fail  to  be  attracting,  must  be  so 
to  an  uncommon  degree  when  to  them  is  added  great  gentleness 
and  sweetness,  sincerity  and  goodness.  I  am,  dear  sir,  yours 
effectionately,  John  Andrews. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cradock,  care  the  Rev.  Dr.  West,  Baltimore. 
Favored  by  Mr.  Ryan. 

Letter  from  Dr.  Andrews  to  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock. 

Philadelphia,  January  12,  1791. 

Dear  Sir. — I  received  your  favor  of  the  first  ultimo,  and 
thank  you  for  the  cheerfulness  with  which  yon  undertake  to 
comply  with  my  request.      Agreeably  to  your  wish,  I   have  .sent 


180 

down  the  bond  by  Dr.  Falls,  who  is  to  deposit  it  with  our  com- 
mon friend,  Mr.  Johnston. 

I  am  much  flattered  by  the  regard  which  you  and  your 
good  family  express  for  Mrs.  Andrews  and  myself,  who  very 
cordially  joins  with  me  in  returning  it,  and  in  wishing  you  all 
manner  of  happiness.  I  assure  you  that  as  often  as  I  set  myself 
to  form  an  idea  of  a  pleasing  and  tranquil  life,  I  go  back  to  that 
little  brick  house  at  Owensburgh,  once  not  sufficiently  valued 
by  me.  In  imagination  I  sometimes  walk  and  sometimes  ride 
along  the  road  which  leads  from  it  to  hospitable  Trentham.  I 
dine  with  you,  with  Mr.  Johnston,  with  Dr.  Lyon,  Mrs.  Croxal, 
Mrs.  Buchanan,  Mr.  Carnan,  and  the  whole  neighborhood.  1 
have  only  to  lament  that  one  or  two  of  those,  whose  names  I 
have  mentioned,  are  not  now  so  happy  as  they  formerly  were. 
You  will  easily  conceive  that  I  allude  to  the  severe  affliction 
since  experienced  by  Mrs.  Croxall  and  Mrs.  Buchanan.'"  I 
have  also  heard  that  my  favorite,  Miss  Gittings  (now  Mrs.  C.) 
for  whom  I  certainly  entertained  a  great  partiality,  has  of  late 
had  her  health  very  badly.  Her  sister  Betsey  was  up  here 
sometime  last  summer,  but  just  as  I  was  beginning  to  be  infat- 
uated with  her  also,  she  unkindly  went  away  and  left  us. 

Under  your  family,  mentioned  above,  I  include  your 
brother's  and  Mr.  Walker's,  but  I  should  be  glad  if  in  your 
next  you  would  inform  me  whether  they  still  continue  to  live  in 
the  same  places,  and  how  they  prosper.  With  much  respect,  I 
am,  dear  sir,  yours  affectionately,  John  Andrews. 

Dr.  Thos.  Cradock,  Garrison  Forest. 

appenOti  "3f." 

Chanting — Its  Introduction  into  this  Country  by  Rev. 
Thomas  Fitch  Oliver. 
Chanting:  Its  first  introduction  into  the  American  church. 
A    letter    of  the  late  Rev.   Andrew  Oliver,  D.  D.,  Professor  in 
the  General  Theological  Seminary. 

(I)  The  Croxall's  lived  at  the  old  place,  now  owned  by  Mr.  Charles  T.  Cockey.  It 
was  repatented  as  "Garrison"  in  1747,  by  Richard  Croxall,  and  the  family  rest  in  the 
graveyard  there.  James  Croxall,  Richard's  nephew,  married  Nellie  Gittings.  whose  grace 
and  beauty  seemed  to  attract  such  general  attention. 


181 

New  York,  January  g,  1895. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Smith. — I  do  not  know  that  I  can  add  any- 
thing to  the  very  nice  sketch  of  my  grandfather  which  you  sent 
me  and  which  I  herewith  return.  But  I  venture  to  send  you  an 
article  which  appeared  a  few  years  ago,  I  think  in  the  Church- 
man, on  "  Chanting,  its  first  introduction  into  the  American 
Church,"  and  I  should  like  very  much  to  know  w^hether  my 
grandfather  continued  the  practice  in  St  Thomas'  Church. 

"  Not  many  years  ago  an  article  on  the  first  introduction  of 
chanting  in  the  Church  in  the  United  States  appeared  in  the  third 
volume  of  '  Potters  Historical  Record,'  from  which  it  appears 
that  this  ancient  custom  was  first  attempted  in  St.  George's, 
Beekman  street,  New  York,  in  the  year  1813  This  seems  to 
have  been  brought  about  by  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Smith, 
a  Scotchman,  who  was  ordained  here  in  1788,  subsequently  held 
cures  in  Maryland  and  Rhode  Island,  and  in  1792  was  chosen 
President  of  the  General  Convention.  While  connected  with 
that  body  he  made  several  vain  attempts  to  receive  its  sanction  to 
the  introduction  of  the  chant,  but  regarded  as  this  was  at  the 
time  as  a  relic  of  a  dark  period  in  the  Church  history,  the  con- 
vention set  its  face  against  it  as  an  unwarrantable  innovation  and 
nothing  was  then  effected.  At  length,  however,  by  the  persist- 
ent efforts  of  Mr.  Smith,  after  much  opposition,  chanting  was 
attempted  in  the  above-mentioned  church  in  1813,  to  the  great 
discomfort  of  the  parish  and  its  wardens.  It  is  stated  that  it 
caused  great  indignation  among  the  people,  and  at  least  says  the 
writer,  Mr.  Ernest  Van  Wagenen,  a  warden  of  the  church,  unable 
any  longer  to  repress  his  overflowing  anger  arose  and  exclaimed: 
'Away,  away  with  your  Jewish  gibborish:  we  want  no  such  non- 
sense in  the  House  of  God;  give  us  the  Psalter  and  Hymns  as  of 
old,'  and  walked  out  of  the  church.  Boss  Walton,  he  of  old 
Walton  House  in  Franklin  Square  followed,  saying:  '  I  go  too,' 
when  several  others  also  left  the  church." 

It  will  be  seen,  however,  from  the  following  testimony  that 
this  ancient  practice  was  revived  at  a  much  earlier  date  in  an 
obscure  parish  on  the  shores  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  this  with  - 
out  in  the  least  disturbing  the  equilibiium  of  priest  and  people. 
In  a  letter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fitch  Oliver,  the  Rector  of  St. 
Michaels,  Marblehead,  dated  December  24,  1787,  he  writes  to  his 


182 

father  who  then  resided  in  the  neighboring  town  of  Salem,  as  fol- 
lows: "As  tomorrow  is  Christmas  we  design  to  introduce  chant- 
ing into  our  church."  It  appears  from  his  next  letter  that  "  the 
chanting  was  performed  before  a  very  crowded  audience  of  church- 
men and  dissenters,  and  to  general  acceptation.''  In  a  subse- 
quent letter  dated  February  ii,  1788,  he  writes:  "Will  it  give 
you  any  pleasure  to  learn  that  the  quire  at  St.  Michael's  do  con- 
stantly chant  the  Venite,  the  Te  Deum,  and  in  the  afternoon  the 
Cantaleand  the  Nunc  dimittis  to  just  acceptation.  This  I  assure 
you  is  the  case,  and  I  believe  mine  is  almost  the  only  church  on  the 
continent  in  which  this  is  done."  It  appears  therefore  that  more 
than  twenty  years  before  the  chant  had  grated  so  hard  on  the 
Dutch  ears  of  New  Amsterdam  it  had  become  an  honored  custom 
in  Puritan  Massachusetts. 

My  grandfather  died  the  twenty-sixth  of  January  1 797 .  This 
date  is  on  his  mourning  ring  which  I  have.  My  father.  Dr. 
Daniel  Oliver,  the  youngest,  but  one  of  Mr.  Oliver's  sons,  used 
to  tell  me  when  a  boy  of  his  early  life  at  Garrison  Forest. 

With  many  thanks  for  your  great  courtesy,  believe  me,  my 
dear  sir,  very  sincerely  yours,  Andrew  Oliver. 

Rev.  Hobart  Smith. 

Hppen&ti  0. 

Incumbents,  or  Rectors. 

1745,  February  4,  (i.)  Rev.  Thomas  Cradock,  A.  M.,  died 
May  7,  1770. 

1770,  May  9,  (2.)  Rev.  William  Edmiston,  A.  M  ,  left  Septem- 
ber 10,  1775. 

1775,  September  10,  vacant  3  months,  to  December  10,  1775. 

1775,  December  10,  (3.)  Rev.  Thomas  Hopkinson,  A.  M.,  left 
December  10,  1776. 

1776,  December   10,    vacant  3  years,    four  months,   to  April   3, 

1780. 

1780,  April  3,  (4.)  Rev.  William  West,  D.  D.,  every  third  Sun- 
day to  April  3,  1782. 

1782,  April  10,  (5.)  Rev.  John  Andrews,  D.  D.,  one-half  his 
time,  to  April  10,  1785. 


183 

1785,  April  10,  vacant  S  years;  2  months,  to  June  3,  1793. 
1793,  June  3,  (6.)  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Oliver,  A.  M.,  died  January 

26,  1797. 
1797,  October  5,  vacant  i  year,  6  months,  to  April  8,  1799. 
1799,  April   8,   (7.)  Rev.  John  Coleman,  removed   December  8, 

1804. 

1804,  December  8,  vacant  10  months,  to  October  i,  1805. 

1805,  Oct-  I.  (8-^  Rev.  John  Armstrong,  removed  March,  1810. 
1810,  March,  vacant  2  years,  9  months,  to  December  28,  1812. 
18 12,  December  28,  (9.)  Rev.   John   Chandler,  removed    Decem- 
ber 28,  1814. 

1 8 14,  December  28,  vacant  3  years,  10  months,  to  November  2, 
1818. 

1818,  November  2,  (lo.)  Rev.  Joseph  Jackson,  removed  Novem- 

ber 29,  1819. 

1819,  November  29,  vacant  r  year,  i  month,  to  Dec.  i,  1820. 

1820,  December  20,  (11.)  Rev.  Charles   C.   Austin,  A.   M.,  died 

February  9,  1849. 
1849,  February  9,  vacant,  to  May  14,  1849. 

1849,  May    14,    (12.)    Rev.  Jacob  B.   Morss,    A.    M.,    removed 
November  25,  1850. 

1850,  November   25,    (13.)   Rev.  John   J.    Nicholson,    removed 
April  22,  1852. 

1852,  April  22,  vacant,  to  December  5,  1852. 

1S52,    December  5,    (14.*    Rev.    William    F..    Lockwood,    died 

April  I,  1883. 
Rev.  W.  Strother  Jones,  Assistant  Minister,  from  April   i,  1879 

to  April  I,  1883. 
1883,  April  I,  (15.)  Rev.  W.  Strother  Jones,  resigned  September 

14,  1888. 
188S,  December  25,  (ih.)  Rev.  Hobart  Smith. 


1S4 

Hppen&ti  "lb." 

Wardens  and  Vestrymen  St.  Thomas'  Parish. <■' 

V  designates  Vestryman  ;    w,   Warden  ;    r,    Registrar  ;    d, 
Delegate  to  the  Diocesan  Convention. 

John  Gill,  V  1745,  w  1746,  v  1754-56. 
William  Cockey,  v  1745,  1755-56. 
Nath'l  Stinchcomb,  v  1745-46. 
John  Hamilton,  v  1745-46- 

Joshua  Owings,  v  1745-46,  w  1747,  v  1752  54,  w  1766. 
George  Ashman,  v  1745,  1746,  1750. 
Peter  Gosnell,  w  1745,  v  1752-54. 
Cornelius  Howard,  w  1745,  v  1751-53,  1758  60. 
Christopher  Randall,  r  1745-47,  '5i- 
John  Bond,  v  1745-47,  1764-66. 
Nathan  Bowen,  v  1745-47. 
John  Hawkins,  v  1746  48,  r  1748-49. 
Thomas  Norris,  v  1746-48. 
Wm.  Beazeman,  w  1746  and  1768. 
Wm.  Hamilton,  v  1746- 
Henry  Morgan,  v  1747. 
Thomas  Gist,  v  1747-49,  w  1765. 
Richard  Bond,  w  1747,  v  1759-61. 
John  Wilmott,  Jr.,  v  1747-49,  ^  '752- 
Peter  Bond,  v  1748- 50- 
Robert  Gilresh,  v  1748-50. 
John  Hurd,  w  1748,  1762. 
William  Gist,  w  1748,  1752. 
William  Worthington,  v  1749. 
William  Kelly,  w  1749  and  1765. 
Arthur  Chinneworth,  w  1749,  v  1753-55.    59.  '60. 
John  Ford,  v  1749-51 
Benjamin  Bond,  \   1749  51. 
Samuel  Owings,  v  1750-52,  r  1753-57. 
Stephen  Gill,  w  1750,  v  1753-55- 
George  Ogg,  w  1750,  v  1755-57- 

lit  Any  further  information  as  to  Rector.s.  wardens,  vestrymen  or  others  connected 
with  St.  Thomas'  Parish  will  be  thankfully  received  by  the  Rector,  and  filed  for  future 
reference.— Editor. 


186 


Capt.  Nicholas  Orrick.  v  1750-52,  '57,  '66-68. 

Thomas  Cockey,  v  1751-53. 

John  Pindell,  w  1751. 

Amon  Butler,  w  1751. 

Thomas  Wells,  \v  1752. 

Lovelace  Gorsuch,  \v  1752. 

Robert  Chapman,  \v  1753. 

John  Spelmerdine,  v  1754-56. 

Joshua  Cockey,  w  1754,  v  1761-63 

Abel  Brown,  w  1754,  v  1758  60. 

Thomas  Cockey  Deye,  w  1755 

Edward  Cockey,  w  1755. 

Henry  Stevenson,  v  1756-58. 

William  Hamilton,  Jr.,  v  1756-58. 

William  Harvey,  v  1756-57,  w  1763. 

Stephen  Hart  Owiags,  w  1756,  w  1774 

Robert  Wilmott   w  1756,  v  1768-70. 

Jeremiah  Johnson,  v  1757-59- 

Samuel  Worthington,  w  1757,   v  1762-64. 

John  Stansbury,  w  1757. 

Richard  Wilmott,  v  1758-59 

William  Randall,  w  1758,  v  1770-72. 

George  Bramwell,  r  1758-64. 

James  Kelley,  w  1758. 

Geo.  Risteau,  w  1758,  v  1763-65. 

Alexander  Wells,  w  1759. 

Richard  Chennowith,  v  1759-60. 

Vachel  Worthington,  w  1759. 

John  Carter,  v  1760-62. 

Solomon  Bowen,  v  1760-62. 

Thomas  Harvey,  w  1760. 

Benjamin  Wells,  w  1760. 

Thomas  Bennett,  v  1761-63. 

Charles  Wells,  w  1761,  v  1772-74. 

John  Griffith,  w  1761. 

Joseph  Bosley  of  Jno.,  v  1762  64. 

Chistopher  Carnau,  w  1762. 

Stephen  Wilkinson,  v  1763  65. 

Nathan  Cromwell,  w  1763,  v  1768-70. 


186 


John  Doughaday,  v  1764-67. 

Luke  Chapman,  v  1764-67. 

Francis  Sellers,  w  1764. 

Charles  Howard,  w  1764. 

John  Gill,  Jr.,  v  1765-67. 

Mordecai  Hammond,  v  1766  68. 

Joseph  Gist,  r  1766-76. 

Robert  Teves,  v  1767-69,  w  1779.       .    . 

Thomas  Ford,  v  1767-69. 

Thomas  Worthington,  w  1767. 

John  Cockey, w  1767. 

Joseph  Cromwell,  Jr.,  w  1768. 

Stephen  Cromwell,  w  1769 

David  Brown,  w  1769. 

Thomas  Owings,  v  1769  71. 

Giibert  Israel,  v  1769  71. 

John  Elder,  v  1770  71. 

Edward  Dorsey,  w  1770 

Nicholas  Dorsey,  v  1771-73. 

Christopher  Randall,  Jr  ,  v  177 1  ■73- 

Nathan  Chapman,  Jr.,  w  1771. 

Job  Hunt,  w  1771. 

John  Cockey  Owings,  v  1772-74. 

Wm.  Hammond,  v  1772-74 

Edward  Parrish  of  Jno.,  w  1772. 

Walter  Bosley,  w  1772- 

Joshua  Hurd,  w  1773. 

Christopher  Turnfaugh,  w  1773. 

Charles  Dorsey  of  Nicholas,  v  1773. 

Charles  Walker,  v  1774,  v  1779-1816. 

Charles  Carnan,  w  1774,  w  1779-1784. 

Thomas  Bennett,  v  1775-77. 

Dr.  Jno,  Cradock,  v  1775-89,  d  1784-89. 

Wm.  Wright,  w  1775. 

Joshua  Jones,  w  1775,  1784,  1788-89,  1792-96,  1799. 

John  Eager  Howard,  v  1775-77. 

Capt.  Benj.  Nicholson,  v  1776-79,  1784-85. 

Dr.  Thomas  Cradock,  v  1776,  w  1778-79,  v  1780-1816. 

Robert  N.  Carnan,  v  1780-82. 


187 

Thomas  Beasman,  v  1780. 

Wm.  Gist,  vv  1781-82. 

Stephen  Shelmerdine,  w  1781 

Edward  Cockey.  v  1782-84. 

Thomas  Wells,  Jr.,  w  1783. 

Thomas  Harvey,  v  1784-87,  1792-93. 

James  Howard  v  1786-89,  r  1792-1805,  d  1787-88,  '92-94. 

John  Toily  Worthington,  v  1788-89,  1799-1801,  1818. 

Frederick  Councilman,  v  1788-89. 

Samuel  Ownings,  Jr.,  v  1792-96,  1799-1803,  d  i8oi- 

John  Cockey,  v  1792-94. 

John  Bond,  w  1793-95, 1799,  1800,  1801,  v  1806-13;  died  1813. 

Elias  Brown,  v  1792-93. 

Wm.  Stacia,  w   1793-95,  1799-1800. 

Nathan  Chapman,  v  1794. 

Wm.  Demitt,  w  1794. 

Samuel  Owings,  (3d),  v  1799-1824. 

Phineas  Hunt,  v  1799- 1809,  d  1809- 

Henry  Clark;  w  1799. 

Wm.  Stone,  v  1800-05.  d  1804. 

Richard  R.  Moore,  v  1800-05. 

Robert  Chapman,  w  1800. 

Samuel  C-  Hunt,  w  1802. 

Brian  Philpot,  w  1802,  v  1806-12.  ; 

James  Winchester,  v.  1803-05. 

Dr.  Jno.  Cromwell,  w  1803,  v  1806  07. 

Johnson,  w  1803. 

Hubert  North  Moale,  v  1806- 18 19,  treas.  1S20  22   d  1807. 

Joseph  West,  r  1806-1813. 

Thomas  Owings,  v  1803-05,  1821-22. 

Criifith  White,  w  1807. 

William  Jones,  w  1807. 

Moses  Brown,  v  1808-10. 

Thomas  Howard,  w  1808. 

Lloyd  Ford,  w  1808. 

Chistopher  Todd,  V  1810-1 1,  1S13-16,  1818-19. 

George  Winchester,  d  18 10. 

Thomas  Moale,  v  1811-13,  1815-16,  1S18-19.  1821. 
Walter  Worthington,  \-  1812-13,  1815,  d  1813. 


188 


Jno.  George  Walker,  v  1818. 

Geo.  W.  Jackson,  w  1818. 

Horatio   Hollingsworth,   w   1818,    1821,   r  1822,  w  1838-41 

1843. 
Thomas  B.  Cockey,  r  1818-19,  v  1819. 
John  Johns,  V  1818,  1832,  1834,  1838. 
John  Bond  of  Jno.,  v  1815-16. 
Robert  Ward,  v  1816,  1819. 
Charles  Worthington,  v  1818-19,  1832,  1834. 
David  R.  Gist,  v  1819,  1821. 
Col.  David  Hopkins,  v  1821-23,  w  1821-22 
Thomas  H.  Belt,  v  1821-23. 
Stephen  W.  Falls,  v  1821. 
John  Hollingsworth,  r  1821. 
Robert  Riddle,  v  1822-24. 

James  Piper,  v  1822-26,  1838-39,  1845,  w  1844,  d  1838-39 
Wm.  F.  Johnson,  v  1822. 
Elias  Brown,  v  1821-23. 
John  Patterson,  v  1823-29,  1832,  w  1824-27. 
Edward  A.  Cockey,  v  1822  29. 
John  Kelso,  Jr.,  v  1824-26. 
Christopher  Carnan,  v  1824-26. 
Wm.  Brown,  v  1824-29. 
Dr.  Wm.  Hitch,  v  1826-29,  d  1828. 
Col.  James  Bankhead,  v  1827-29. 

Nicholas  C.  Carroll,  v  1827-28,  1838-40,  1845  48,  1850- 
John  Tagart,  w  1828,  v  1829. 
Owen  Maynard,  v  1829-2832. 
Benjamin  Arthur,  v  1832-34,  1838-50,  w  1845. 
James  Owings,  v  1832,  1834. 
Wm.  Tagart,  v  1832. 
Rich'd   H.   Owen,  v    1834,    1843-58,  w   1838-52,  d    1844-58, 

treas.  '53-58. 
W.  Van  Bibber,  v  1838-41. 

Henry  Stevenson,  v  1838-41,  1843-52,  w  1851-66,  d  1840. 
J.  Hammond,  v  1838. 

Dr.  Edmund  B.  Addison,  v  1838-47,  r  1838-41. 
Dr.  Thomas  Cradock  Walker,  v  1839-41. 
P.  Forden,  v  1839-41. 


189 

J.  Maynadier,  v  1840-41. 

Cardiff  Tagart,  v  1S41,  1S43,  1844,  1852,  vv  1846. 

J.  McHenry  Hollingsworth,  v  1843-46. 

W.  H.  Medcalf,  v  1843,  d  1843. 

Edward  Hall,  v  1843,  1844,  1847,  w  1845-47. 

Franklin  Metcalf,  r  1843-48. 

Jno.  H.  Carroll,  v  1844-53,  ^  1849-54. 

Edward  D.    Lyna,  v   1846-49,    '51-65,    r    1848-49,  w    1S63, 

treas.  1859-65,  d  1859-64. 
Dr.  J.  C.  Morfit,  v  1848-51. 
Wm.  P.  Maulsby,  v  1848-49. 
Thomas  H.  Gibson,  v  1848-53. 
Thomas  Cradock,  v  1849-96,  w  1865-96,  d  1869-96. 
Dennis  A.  Smith,  v  1850-51,  w  1850. 
Lt.  J.  Fletcher,  v  1850-52. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Councilman,  v  1852-68,  r  1853-68,  w  1852,  d  1868. 
John  Ross,  V  1853. 

Giles,  V  1853-56. 

Robert  Riddle,  v  1854,  died  1855. 

J.  Louis  Smith,  v  1854-62. 

James  H.  McHenry,  1855-56. 

William  F.  Johnson,  1855,  '59-60,  w  1861. 

Dr.  James  Maynard,  v  1856-61. 

Alex.  Riddle,  v  1856-85,  w  1880-85. 

G.  B.  Mulligan,  v  1857-58. 

Col.  Huger,  v  i860. 

Gen.  Benj.  C.  Howard,  w  1859,  '60,  '62. 

Dr.  John  C.  VanWyck,  v  1861  63. 

Reuben  Stump,  v  1861-75. 

Carroll  Spence,  v  1862-69. 

R.  F.  Maynard;  v  1862-97,  treas.  1865-97,  w  1885-97. 

George  H.  Elder,  w  1863,  v  1864-66,  d  1865-66. 

William  Devries,  w  1864. 

Charles  Lyon  Rogers,  v  1865-77. 

Charles  Morton  Stewart,  v  1867-98,  d  1897-98. 

Dr.  Wm.  M.  Wood,  w  1867-79,  v  1873,  1875-79. 

Noah  Walker,  v  1869-73. 

• — Mittnacht,  w  1869-73. 

Samuel  M.  Shoemaker,  v  1870-73,  1880-84. 


190 

William  Fell  Johnson,  r  1869-98,  v  1877  gS. 
Charles  K.  Harrison,  v  1874-77. 

B.  F.  Voss,  V  1878-80. 
John  N.  Carroll,  v  1878-83, 
Richard  B.  Post,  v  1881-88. 
Samuel  H.  Tagart,  v  1884-92. 
Samuel  M.  Shoemaker,  v  1884-98. 

C.  T.  Cockey,  v  1885-98. 

Wm.  Checkley  Shaw,  v  1889-98. 

George  N.  Moale,  1892-98,  w  1897-9S,  treas.  1S97-98. 

Thomas  Cradock,  1896-98. 

John  McHeary,  1897-98. 

Hppenbii  "II." 

Donations  to  St.  Thomas'  Chdrch,  for  Church 

Improvement — 1890. 

Samuel  H.  Tagart,  $590950;  C.  Morton  Stewart,  $1200; 
William  Checkley  Shaw,  $1024.73;  Children's  Fair,  $150;  Mrs. 
Samuel  Johnston,  $20;  Fulton  Winkler,  $10;  E.  B.  Hunting, 
$5;  Mrs.  H.  A  Atkinson,  $50;  Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson,  $10;  Genl. 
Felix  Agnus,  $100;  Wm.  Stingle,  $5.00;  Miss  Ellin  Elder,  $10; 
Master  Harry  McCubbin,  $1.00;  Dr.  Robert  W.  Johnson,  $10; 
Mr  and  Mrs.  J.  W.  McCubbin,  $5.00;  Dr.  W.  H.  H.  Campbell, 
$5  00;  Wm.  H.  Shipley,  $50;  Mrs.  Sarah  Painter,  $10;  Miss 
May  Lockwood,  $10;  D.  C.  Lyle,  $25;  S.  H.  Lyon,  $100;  M.  S. 
Atkinson.  $25;  Charles  T.  Cockey,  $50;  George  N.  Moale,  $50; 
Mrs.  John  Stewart,  $50;  Rev.  Hobart  Smith,  ^25;  George 
Ward,  $5.00;   Dr.  H.  Louis  Naylor,  $25.     Total  $8940.73. 

N.  B. — This  sum  does  not  represent  all  of  the  original 
amounts  subscribed,  as  a  number  of  them  were  afterwards 
withdrawn. 

In  addition  to  this  sum  Mr.  Wm.  Fell  Johnston  presented  to 
the  Sunday  School  a  Chapel  Organ,  for  which  he  paid  $150. 
William  Checkley  Shaw, 
Baltimore,  October  15,  1890.  Chairmaji  and  Treastirer. 


191 


ch    < 


ij   w 


0 

■:*- 

vO 

00 

0 

re 

-1- 

ir 

X 

■*• 

n 

C^ 

T^ 

■^ 

o- 

•*■ 

0^ 

^ 

lo 

t^ 

~. 

re 

_ 

O 

00 

M 

t^ 

re 

t^ 

t 

"2 

O 

"_ 

VC 

q 

"2 

-+ 

re 

'^ 

«ft 

^ 

•^ 

" 

" 

"" 

d 

a 

X 

^  i; 

c< 

0 

^ 

0 

»-■ 

0 

i^ 

"a  tl 

0 

r*~> 

0 

*''"' 

'" 

CO 

-  v' 

VO 

ly^ 

00 

^ 

0 

t^ 

w 

.^  ■■''' 

vO 

f. 

^ 

o- 

-1- 

nC 

c 

■"s 

<^ 

0- 

< 

00 

O 

0 

0 

_ 

^ 

-f 

ON 

a 

vO 

r^ 

0 

o 

»n 

oc 

O' 

W 

i 

O 

1^ 

CI 

ir-. 

0 

vC 

00 

z 

2 

fs 

" 

On 

t^ 

re 

re 

•o 

c 
s 

'5 

8 

8 

0 

ON 

c 

0 
to 

O^ 

— 

-t- 

o 

re 

(N 

re 

M 

ON 

^ 

» 

■c| 

O 

" 

PI 

"* 

" 

c 

" 

•o 

u     ' 

'X 

x~, 

O 

ri 

c^^ 

-t- 

-t- 

lO 

oc 

NC 

^ 

•:|- 

n 

►-■ 

.0 

^- 

•+ 

-1- 

oc 

— 

1,~ 

T 

>o 

X 

K 

«) 

H 

0 

vC 

i^ 

re 
X 

ON 

UO 

00 

ON 

* 
I^ 

:-i 

-1- 

t^ 

r^ 

CO 

re 

re 

ON 

nC 

S  cc 

r^ 

—■ 

""v 

ON 

l/*. 

5.^ 

^ 

— 

— 

nC 

0  =^ 

..  y. 

0 

O 

0 

>o 

0 

0 

0 

>o 

Ill 

U-, 

I/-. 

lO 

lo 

o 

lO 

r^. 

r*". 

»-« 

n 

— 

re 

-" 

NO 

u  *.5 

•="  J 

o 

O  ^-  - 

=  ?; 

'J 

3-r, 

"Ex 

c    . 

ffi- 

TT    > 

'a 

d-g 

"o 

a 

a 

lf 

(S 

ja  -a 

a! 

< 

._  g 

si 

ss 

o    . 

03 

o 
'S 

o 

c 

1 

5 

1 

O 

3 

a" 
o 

i 
3 

c 
^1 

a 

f4 

1 
1 

o 

a 

< 

=2 

S 

a: 

&: 

■? 

.a 

^ 

5 

INDEX. 


Allen,  Rev  EthaD,(Intr()duct'n).  V 

Allen,  Col.  William  (Introd't'n).  VII 

Andrews,  Rev.  John 43 

Andrews,  Robert VIII 

Armstrong,  Rev.  John 67 

Ashny  Francis 30,  39 

Ascension  Parish 85 

Ashman,  George 7 

Austin,  Rev.  C.  C HO 

Bachelors  Taxed 19 

Baptists 33 

Bedford,  Duke  of 8 

Bend,  Rev.  Dr ,  .50 

Bishops  in  America 10 

Bladen,  Gov.  Thomas 1,7 

Bourdillon,  Rev.  Benedict  ....  1 

Bramwell,  George 143 

Brown  Abel 159 

C'arnuii  Family 138 

Carroll,  John  N,,  Gives  the  Bell  119 

Census  of  Parish 63 

Claggett,  Bishop 43,  70 

Clerk  Appointed 63 

Clergy,  Meeting  of Hi 

Cockey,  William 7 

Cockey  Family 150 

Coleman,  Rev.  John 50,  57 

Coke,  Rev.  Dr 45 

Cro.xall,  Burying  Ground .55 

Cradock,  Rev.  Thomas 7,  21 

Cradock,  Capt.  John 9 

Cradock,  Dr.  Thomas 81, 154 

Cradock,  Dr.  John 157 

C  radock,  Mr.  Thomas 124 


Kdmiston,  Rev.  William. 


28 


Fort  and  Garrison 1 

Friends'  Meeting-House 27 

Gill,  John 151 

Gist,  Christopher 3 

Gist,  Thomas  40 

Gist  Family   129 

Gosnell,  Peter 7 

Haile,  Nicholas 3 

Hamilton,  William 3 

Hamilton,  John 7 

Hammond,  Col.  William 13 

Howard  Family 131 

Howard,  Cornelius  (1st) 7,  38 

Howard,  Cornelius  (2d) 133 

Howard,  Gen.  John  Eager 36,132 

Howard,  James 67, 134 

Howden,  Luce 9 

Holy  Trinity  Chapel 29,  32,  68, 81 

Holy  Trinity  Parish 84 

Holy  Communion,  Provis'n  for  14 

Hopkins,  Major  David 83 

Hopkinson,  Rev,  Thomas 36 

Hulse,  Dr.  Randle 152 

Hunt  Family 151 

Indians,  Treaty  with    Si.x   Na- 
tions   W 

Indians,  Incursions  of 18 

Jackson,  Rev.  Joseph 77 

Jarrett,  Rev.  Derbrau.x 58 

Jones,  Rev.  W.  Strother 112 

La  Farge  Windows 120 

Lang  worthy,  Edward 50 

Lockwood,  Rev.  W.  F 93 


,  .  ..  ,       •     ■  ■   . 
1  ' 

j  Lottpry  Scheme <)8 

Lyon,  Edward  D 89,108 

•  Lyon  Family. ......' '  145 

^  Maynard,  Dr.  James  F'. 107 

^  Maynard,  Richard  F. .  i  .■ 124 

>  Metho(;liam,  Bqginning  of ..  30 

Methodists,:  Rules  o£  Early....  '31 

■  Methodists,    Efforts     to    Keep  '    ' 

Them  from  Schism 46 

■  Moale,  George.  N  •; ^     121 

Moale  Family 144 

Morss,  Rev.  Jacob  B 88, 166 

Mt.  Parun  Church  Built '92 

.Nicholson,  Rev.  John  .1 ^     ni 

.Oliver,  Dr  jVndrew VIII 

.Oliver,  IVv  Thomas  Fitch '50 

.Organ  Piirchasert '  !)0 

.Organ,  Pipe.. lOS 

pwen,  .Richard  H. 1 '6 

Pwings  Family,  j ,,..■'■    134 

Qwings,  Samuel  (1st) 3,  135 

pwings,  Samuel  (ad) 53,  63,:  136 

Pwings,  Samuel  (3d)  137 

<))wings,  Joshua.,  w 7,  .30 

^ew  System,  Set  Aside 67 

Ifhilpot,  Brian 1 75 

I^reshyterians,  The 32 

Psalms,  Version  of 25 

I^ulpit  Moved, •  (a 

Ralph,  Rev.  George 51,  75 


193 

Randall,  Christopher 3,  7 

Rich','  Rev.  'A.  J . ! 105 

Riddell,  Alex. , 1^5 

RiSteau,  Capt.  Jbht 1,  12,  142 

Sater's  Baptist  Meeting-House..  3 

St.  James'  Parish 44 

St.  Jame!^'  College 79 

St.  Mark's-on-the-Hill HO 

Shoemaker,  Sainuel  lil 109,  l64 

Stoith,  l{eV.  Hoba'rt 117 

Stinchcomb,  l^athanie! 7 

Strawbridge,  Robert 30 

SVu'i^lice,  Use  of .  17,  ^0 

Tagart,  Samuel'  H' 118, 120 

Tobacco  Tax U 

Tobacio  Tax,  Reduced'.' '.'.        h'i 


Virgirfa  Theological  Seminary 
Vestry, 

First:. !   ... . . 

Refreshment  of 

Renounce  Allegiance  to  the 
Kiiig 


Walker,  Dr  T.  C..:.. 

Walkef,  Charles 

West,  Rev.  'William..  . 
West,  J6se'ph .  .\  .'..'.. . 

Western  Run 

Worthington  Valley.. 
Worthington,  SadlUel. 
Worthington,  Charles. 
Worthington  Family.  . 


10,7 


161. 
160 

41 
16§ 

17 
6 

76 

86 
147 


M-     V     >f- 


Jt 


:^        ^       >        V- 


^       1r^ 


•J<.        ->r        i 


"^t        *        '^- 


DATE  DUE 


'^     ^ 


[ 

: ^i 

I 


